City of Dubuque COVID-19 After Action Report (AAR) Summary Copyrighted
September 5, 2023
City of Dubuque Action Items # 02.
City Council Meeting
ITEM TITLE: City of Dubuque COVID-19 AfterAction Report (AAR) Summary
SUM MARY: Public Health Director Mary Rose Corrigan will present a review of the
City of Dubuque COVI D-19 After Action Report
SUGGESTED Receive and File; PresentationSuggested Disposition:
DISPOSITION:
ATTACHMENTS:
Description Type
MVM Memo City Manager Memo
COVI D After Action Report 081523 Staff Memo
COVI D After Action Report Presentation Supporting Documentation
Dubuque
THE CITY QF �
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TO: The Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM: Michael C. Van Milligen, City Manager
SUBJECT: City of Dubuque COVID-19 After Action Report (AAR) summary
DATE: August 29, 2023
A City of Dubuque COVID-19 After Action Report (AAR) summary is being provided to
City Council.
The city's internal Emergency Preparedness Committee, worked with consultant
Emergency Preparedness Consulting LLC (EPC) to gather data and departmental input
for the final AAR and Improvement Plan (IP). The committee consists of:
• Mary Rose Corrigan, Public Health Director
• Tom Berger, Emergency Management Agency Coordinator
• Jeremy Jensen, Police Chief
• Amy Scheller, Frie Chief
• Cori Burbach, Assistant City Manger
With assistance from:
• Chris Kohlmann, Information Services Manager
• Abhishek Rai, City Manager's Office Fellow
• Dawn March, former Environmental Sanitarian - Emergency Preparedness
Planner
• Mark Murphy, Environmental Sanitarian - Emergency Preparedness Planner
It should be noted that the information in this report is limited to observations that are
directly related to the City of Dubuque Incident Management Team and does not
contain detailed information regarding actions that occurred at the Departmental level.
Emergency Preparedness Consulting, LLC conducted interviews with current and
former City of Dubuque employees who were heavily involved in the city's internal and
community wide COVID response. Interviews were conducted via online video
conferencing platforms and lasted approximately 45-60 minutes. The interviews were
specifically tailored to elicit information regarding interactions within the City of Dubuque
governmental structure.
In addition, the City Emergency Preparedness Committee and Emergency
Preparedness Consulting, LLC felt it was critical to obtain input from all city departments
on their actions and experiences during the pandemic. A survey was created to collect
input from staff inembers who worked for the city during the pandemic to reflect on the
preparedness of each department during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as
preparedness for future emergencies. Department Managers were asked to collect
input from city employees who were key in responding to the pandemic emergency
disruption within their department and fill out the survey.
Public Health Director Mary Rose Corrigan will now present a review of the City of
Dubuque COVID-19 After Action Report.
�
Mic ael C. Van Milligen
MCVM:sv
Attachment
cc: Crenna Brumwell, City Attorney
Cori Burbach, Assistant City Manager
Mary Rose Corrigan, Public Health Director
Tom Berger, Emergency Management Agency Coordinator
Jeremy Jensen, Police Chief
Amy Scheller, Fire Chief
2
DIJ�)UC�Ue Health Services Department
THE CITY OF , , City Hall Annex
1300 Main Street
All-America Ci� Dubuque,IA 52001
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Fax(563)589-4299
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2007•2012-2013 health@cityofdubuque.org
Masterpiece on the Mississippi 2�1]+tZQ1] www.cityofdubuque.org
TO: Mike Van Milligen, City Manager
FROM: Mary Rose Corrigan, Public Health Director
Tom Berger, Emergency Management Agency Coordinator
Jeremy Jensen, Police Chief
Amy Scheller, Fire Chief
Cori Burbach, Assistant City Manger
SUBJECT: City of Dubuque COVID-19 After Action Report (AAR) summary
DATE: August 15, 2023
INTRODUCTION
This memorandum summarizes the City of Dubuque COVID-19 response and
Improvement Plan.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The Dubuque County Incident Management Team (IMT) contracted with Emergency
Preparedness Consulting (EPC) LLC, to produce the COVID-19 pandemic After Action
Report (AAR) and Improvement Plan (IP). A presentation was given to City Council on
April 17, 2023, on the overall county- wide response, led by the IMT. The contract with
the consultant, EPC, included a separate component evaluating the City of Dubuque
COVID -19 response operations including:
• Public education regarding COVID-19 and municipal service delivery during the
pandemic.
• Safe workplace guidance and employee safety.
• Departments' Continuity of Operations Plans.
The city's internal Emergency Preparedness Committee, worked with EPC to gather
data and departmental input for the final AAR and IP. The committee consists of�
• Mary Rose Corrigan, Public Health Director
• Tom Berger, Emergency Management Agency Coordinator
• Jeremy Jensen, Police Chief
• Amy Scheller, Frie Chief
• Cori Burbach, Assistant City Manger
With assistance from:
• Chris Kohlmann, Information Services Manager
• Abhishek Rai, City Manager's Office Fellow
1
• Dawn March, former Environmental Sanitarian - Emergency Preparedness
Planner
• Mark Murphy, Environmental Sanitarian - Emergency Preparedness Planner
It should be noted that the information in this report is limited to observations that are
directly related to the City of Dubuque Incident Management Team and does not
contain detailed information regarding actions that occurred at the Departmental level.
Emergency Preparedness Consulting, LLC conducted interviews with current and
former City of Dubuque employees who were heavily involved in the city's internal and
community wide COVID response. Interviews were conducted via online video
conferencing platforms and lasted approximately 45-60 minutes. The interviews were
specifically tailored to elicit information regarding interactions within the City of Dubuque
governmental structure.
In addition, the City Emergency Preparedness Committee and Emergency
Preparedness Consulting, LLC felt it was critical to obtain input from all city departments
on their actions and experiences during the pandemic. A survey was created to collect
input from staff inembers who worked for the city during the pandemic to reflect on the
preparedness of each department during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as
preparedness for future emergencies. Department Managers were asked to collect
input from city employees who were key in responding to the pandemic emergency
disruption within their department and fill out the survey.
Actions taken by the City of Dubuque were specific to the structure of city government
and the following focus areas:
Focus Area 1: Response Coordination and Logistics
This focus area describes the observations related to the City of Dubuque incident
management and logistics systems.
Focus Area 2: Work Process Modifications
This focus area describes the observations related to the changes in work process that
were required based on the additional needs of the City of Dubuque. This focus area
outlines new duties that were required of city departments, rather than those processes
that were changed to maintain the essential functions described in Focus Area 4.
Focus Area 3: Safe Workplace Guidance and Employee Safety
This focus area describes the observations related to changes in physical working
conditions, work processes, and guidelines provided to protect employees.
Focus Area 4: Continuity of Operations
This focus area describes the observations related to actions taken to ensure that the
essential functions of City of Dubuque government operations would be maintained.
This includes actions taken at the City and Departmental levels.
2
The actions taken by the City of Dubuque were specific to the structure of city
government, and include the following:
Primary Strengths
Focus Area 1: Response Coordination and Logistics
• Incident Action Plans were regularly completed for the City of Dubuque, in
coordination with Dubuque County Emergency Management. A daily
Department Manager meeting was more informative and productive than the
weekly Incident Action Planning meetings.
• Proactive planning- The Human Resources Department evaluated workforce and
labor pool effectiveness. Because some duties were temporarily modified due to
a lower number of employees being physically present in the workplace,
consideration was given as to how some employees could be "re-assigned" to
areas of need. Areas of need also included the hospitals, who were experiencing
extreme workforce shortages.
• Supply Chain Management- Multiple stakeholders advised that the City of
Dubuque was extremely proactive in determining what supplies were needed by
individual departments. Departments were asked to inform the City of Dubuque
IMT of anticipated supplies once per week.
• Departmental Briefings- Multiple stakeholders advised that their individual
departments held regularly scheduled briefings to share information. These
meetings were also used to discuss how information that was disseminated from
the City of Dubuque IMT affected the departments. For the first several weeks of
the pandemic, a daily call among the city Leadership was held to share
information, (from the IMT and other sources) request assistance and share how
departments were adjusting their work and what other changes were being
made. These briefings became less frequent as the pandemic progressed and
the department managers standing weekly meeting and the weekly ICS meeting
continued.
• In addition to the leadership calls, a second call was held to convey information
to city employees. The frequency of these calls also decreased as the pandemic
progressed. Many city departments also held internal departmental briefings.
Focus Area 2: Work Process Modifications
• The Fire Department was asked to assist with multiple requests that would
normally be considered outside of the scope of the department. This included
assisting with drive-through vaccination sites and other vaccine clinics,
transporting COVID-19 patients from medical facilities to the shelter, and
assisting with delivering food to those that were housed in the shelter.
• The City Information Services Department oversaw and facilitated the internet
access at the Kennedy Mall and Grand River Center PODs (Point of Distribution),
and acquired software for the vaccination POD at the Grand River Center
• The Finance Department created different purchasing codes to account for
COVID related expenses. Also, several non-standard "specialty items" needed to
be purchased (such as disinfection equipment for EMS and the library), and
standard purchasing processes were used to do so.
3
Focus Area 3: Safe Workplace Guidance and Employee Safety
• Since some employees initially still needed to be physically present in the office,
departments immediately implemented social distancing in common areas.
These type of accommodations for social distancing and safe work environments
were adjusted throughout the pandemic. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention) guidance was used to create cleaning protocols for city facilities. As
the pandemic progressed, additional workplace modifications were also
implemented, such as plastic barriers. A Safe Workplace Guidance document for
city employees was compiled, shared, and updated on a regular basis.
Thermometers, masks, and cleaning supplies were made available.
• Police Department policies were adjusted so that response, in-person trips were
handled by telephone, rather than an officer going to the scene. Whenever
possible, officers who needed to meet in person to discuss cases did so outside.
Officers also requested that complainants meet outside rather than entering
residences or businesses or homes. Officers noted they also made fewer traffic
stops for low level offenses.
• Fire Department processes were modified. When someone called to request
EMS (Emergency Medical Services), the dispatch protocol was modified to ask
questions that screened for potential COVID-19 symptoms or exposure. When
responding to private residences, one medic would enter the building rather than
the entire crew. If EMS was requested from a healthcare facility (such as a long-
term care facility), staff was asked to bring the patient to the door if possible.
• The City Attorney's Office drafted public health emergency language and met
regularly to determine if any changes needed to be made to the City Public
Health Emergency Declarations based on the impact of the State and Federal
Declarations. This invaluable interpretation of ever changing State and Federal
Proclamations was shared with the county IMT and the Dubuque County
leadership.
• Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Human Resources Department was
exploring alternative work arrangements such as remote working, flexible hours,
etc. Many of the city's policies were being updated to begin implementing these
policies. Because the city was already exploring these options, the Human
Resources Department had a model from which to being implementing these
measures when necessary. These new policies, along with the use of temporary
and permanent technology, allowed for adjusted working hours and start times,
implementing innovative work models like, 50% in the office and 50°/o out of the
office and conducting virtual meetings among staff and with the public.
• A variety of City personnel staffed the "Sleeves Up" vaccine information line and
assisted with the PODs and public information outreach such as placing door
hangers and providing other information.
• Human Resources also worked throughout the pandemic to modify policies
related to testing, sick leave, and other OSHA (Occupation Safety and Health
Administration) guidelines.
• Virtual meetings increased productivity and decreased waste. Staff became
proficient/familiar with a variety of virtual meeting platforms.
4
Focus Area 4: Continuity of Operations
• The City Attorney's office (and other departments) immediately began
considering flexible work arrangement policies. This included looking at job
functions/duties and whether these duties could be maintained if employees
worked remotely. A core group began this process and presented their findings
to Leadership for approval.
• The City Attorney also immediately began evaluating how city functions could be
maintained remotely while still adhering to state law regarding transparency.
This included a process for holding all public meetings virtually while ensuring
that there was a process in place to ensure public access and comment. Court
proceedings that were normally held in-person were transitioned to virtual
meetings.
• The Information Services Department took measures to ensure that city
employees had the technology functionality to work remotely. Many computers
(approximately 180) that were due to be replaced were instead "recycled" and
provided to employees for home use. This required additional consideration to
ensure that cybersecurity was being maintained. Telephone communication
required using "recycled" mobile phones and additional licensing to leverage the
existing communications technology.
• The Information Services Department did not have a robust system to track and
resolve IT help desk issues. The department created a "ticketing system" for
tracking IT support and implemented remote access so that help desk personnel
could remotely access computers to assist users. Because some employees
would normally need to print receipts in their workplace, printers were provided to
employees for home use if necessary.
• The Information Services Department also developed the technology
infrastructure and processes for holding public meetings remotely.
• The Human Resources Department advised that prior to the pandemic, all city
employment applications were completed online. The city had considered
transitioning to virtual interviews prior to the pandemic, with the goal of ensuring
that applicants could be interviewed with the fewest barriers possible. This was
implemented during the pandemic.
• To circumvent the possibility of certain types of supply shortages, protocols were
implemented to purchase a higher number of items than usual. An example
given was that if the department ordered a larger number of gloves than usual for
a fixed time period (several months), the supplier guaranteed that they would
receive the gloves as ordered.
• In early March 2020, the Health Services Department implemented its Continuity
of Operations Plan (COOP) and delegated activities to other departments. For
example, nuisance control duties were transitioned to the Housing Department.
Routine environmental health regulatory inspections were temporarily
suspended, which allowed the department to focus almost entirely on COVID
response, both internally with the city organization and as part of the Dubuque
County IMT. Health Services Department staff served as technical advisors to
the City Manager's Office and all City of Dubuque operations. Other departments
updated and began implementing their departmental COOPs.
• The City Public Information Office provided daily updates to city staff on the daily
"all employee webinars" held Monday through Friday for the first year or more in
the pandemic. (The calls eventually shifted to three times a week and, eventually,
once a week.) Those updates included daily new COVID case counts, deaths,
5
hospitalization levels, and IMT and/or CDC guidance for mitigation. When
vaccines became available, these updates to City staff included the latest
information on vaccination guidance as provided by the IMT and/or CDC.
COVID-related guidance was also relayed to City employees through SPIRIT
Times, the employee newsletter distributed every two weeks with payroll. Posters
with COVID mitigation and vaccination guidance were also produced and
distributed to departments for display in break areas and departmental office
areas throughout the organization. Employees were also encouraged to
subscribe to receive COVID updates from the IMT via email and/or text.
Primary Challenges:
Focus Area 1: Response Coordination and Logistics
• The Incident Action Planning (IAP) and daily Department Manger meetings were
informative, however, the two meetings created confusion, duplication, and lack
of engagement at the weekly IAP meetings, where documentation of planning
and activities took place. Likewise, early in the response there did not appear to
be a well-defined Incident Command System in place. Although the city ICS
became more developed throughout the response, it caused some confusion.
• The Police Department experienced many questions regarding how various
public health countermeasures (i.e., city mask ordinance) would be enforced.
Although this process is within the scope of the Police Department's duties, there
was not a clearly defined policy for doing so.
Focus Area 2: Work Process Modifications
• Although it is not unusual for the Information Services department to create
infrastructure for various departments, this is normally done in a pre-planned
process. Additionally, software needed for vaccination clinics would be done by
determining system needs, creating a Request for Proposal, evaluating the
proposals, and choosing a vendor. Due to a limited number of vendors that
produce this software and a large number of jurisdictions that were also
attempting to purchase similar software, the time frame for selecting a company
was very compressed.
• The Dubuque Fire Department was asked to assist with multiple requests that
would normally be considered outside of the scope of the department. These
proved to be both challenging and successful.
• Managers and supervisors did not have the tools or processes to track
productivity of those working from home. Some departments reported working
from home was a disruption.
• Maintaining morale and motivation was also voiced as a need, especially for
those working remotely.
Focus Area 3: Safe Workplace Guidance and Employee Safety
• The Police Department modification of workplace practices was particularly
challenging since they share space with the Dubuque County Sheriff's Office,
who modified their processes differently than the Police Department.
6
• The Fire Department's close physical environment and long work shifts created
several challenges. For example, it was almost impossible for employees to
wear masks for their entire shift, since part of the shift included sleeping.
• Interpreting relevant guidelines was also challenging for the Fire Department.
While most City of Dubuque employees' health falls under the COVID protocols
identified by OSHA or the CDC, EMS personnel are considered healthcare
workers. Separate guidance or mandates issued for healthcare workers
sometimes conflicted with Safe Workplace Guidance established for all other
employees, leading to the need to interpret both and make judgements based on
specific circumstances on a regular basis.
• The division between non-essential and essential employees and their different
work environments was challenging from a departmental work production
standpoint and from an employee health and safety viewpoint.
• Although Human Resources worked throughout the pandemic to modify policies
related to testing, sick leave, and other OSHA guidelines, this proved to be
challenging due to the frequent modifications in guidelines that were created in
various federal agencies without notice.
• Implementing the vaccination requirement for city employees was challenging
due to employee understanding of the vaccine and vaccination process, also
confidentiality and creating a system for documenting and interpreting if the
vaccines employees received were compliant with the policy.
Focus Area 4: Continuity of Operations
• Although efforts were being made to develop Continuity of Operations Plans for
every city department prior to the pandemic, several departments had not yet
completed them. Those departments that had not yet completed their plans did
so in an accelerated manner due to the workplace and work process
modifications needed during the pandemic.
• The Information Services Department advised that ensuring that all city
departments had the resources necessary for working virtually was a
monumental challenge. They advised that although it was assumed that most
employees had computers at home, it was quickly determined that many did not.
• Human Resources determined that after transitioning to virtual interviews during
the pandemic, the primary concern was ensuring that applicants who may not
have access to technology to conduct the interview process, were not placed at a
disadvantage.
• In the early stages of the pandemic, employees were allowed to take leave if they
or their family member had been diagnosed with COVID-19 without using their
accrued sick or vacation time off. This was modified during the course of the
pandemic as federal guidance changed and caused confusion among
employees.
• Moving to paperless processes along with check processing required new
methods and workarounds.
• Office/at-home work adjustments included staff members had to pick up mail and
make deliveries to employee's houses; internal controls were broken or were not
strictly adhered to; dependency on one staff person in the office to receive city
mail and packages; not having a contactless process for verifying driver's
licenses and issuing permits; public expectation of in-person services at city
buildings etc.)
�
• Misinformation about the pandemic and vaccinations at the local, regional, and
national levels created challenges not only for the Public Information Office but
also with and among city employees and with the public.
Looking ahead
The second phase of the AAR is creating an Improvement Plan (IP) to address the
challenges and limitations experienced during the COVID-19 response.
Improvement Item 1: Department Level After-Action Reporting
Focus Area 1: Response Coordination and Logistics
Each Department is encouraged to develop an After-Action Report and Improvement
Plan that highlights the strengths and areas for improvement that were observed during
the COVID-19 response in their individual department.
Improvement Item 2: Incident Action Planning, Incident Command and Continuity
of Operations.
Focus Area 1: Response Coordination and Logistics
Recommendations: Ensure that a process is in place to develop a comprehensive
Incident Action Plan and Continuation of Essential City Services including:
• Development of templates for Incident Action Plan and EOC Action Plan for use
by the City of Dubuque IMT
• Ensuring that all members of the City of Dubuque IMT have had appropriate
training in the use of the "Planning P" Incident Action Planning Process
• Ensure that the Incident Command Structure is clearly developed and
communicated to all Department managers.
Improvement Item 3: Healthcare Surge Capacity Planning
Focus Area 1: Response Coordination and Logistics
Recommendations: The City of Dubuque must have a process to provide
surge capacity for medical, housing, or other services when the demand is greater
than available resources.
Improvement Item 4: Reassignment of City Employees & HR Policy Modifications
Focus Area 1: Response Coordination and Logistics
Recommendations: Explore the potential for reassigning city employees to assist city
operations outside their department or normal duties as well as with community
stakeholders such as healthcare during times of extreme need. This might occur when
the duties of city employees are limited due to an infectious disease outbreak such as
COVID-19.
This should include:
s
• Identification of employee groups that could potentially be reassigned based on
the emergency.
• Determining a process by which employees are offered or assigned alternative
assignments.
• Determining a policy for employee compensation while working in alternative
assignments
• Determine sample agreements for community organizations utilizing city staff.
• Staffing impacts of additional benefits/requirements/assignments for employees
Improvement Item 5: Enforcement of Public Health and Emergency Specific
Countermeasures
Focus Area 2: Work Process Modifications
Recommendations: Ensure that the process for developing and enforcing public
health/employee safety countermeasures are clearly outlined. (ex. social distancing)
This should include enforcement actions for local, county, state and federal measures.
Improvement Item 6: Information Services Department Preplanning
Focus Area 2: Work Process Modifications
Focus Area 4: Continuity of Operations
Recommendations: Ensure that the Continuity of Operations Plan for Information
Services considers alternate scenarios that would require Information Services and
technology support. This should include:
• Working from alternative locations, including those that may not have existing
infrastructure.
• Support for off-site facilities that could be used for vaccination clinics or surge
capacity facilities.
Improvement Item 7: Communication to Employees and Community
Focus Area 2: Work Process Modifications
Focus Area 4: Continuity of Operations
Recommendations: To provide consistent communication methods and formats
throughout the incident.
9
Conclusion
The areas outlined in this AAR and IP will be used to assist departments with workplace
preparedness improvements, determine budget needs and priorities, provide an agenda
for the City's Preparedness Committee for planning, training, exercising and updating
plans, capabilities and employee competencies for preparedness specific acuities, and
improving overall city employee and operational performance.
A heartfelt thank-you to all the city staff and community partners who went above and
beyond their normal duties to meet the needs of Dubuque during the pandemic. Thank
you to the Mayor and City Council and City Manager Mike Van Milligen for the ongoing
support, confidence, and direction. It is truly appreciated!
Zo
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Media conference announcing Dubuque County COVID-19 death - �`
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COVID- I 9 PUBLIC INFORMATION & OVTREACH � �'� °�. ��,: ;
Du bu ue Cou nt COVI D -19 U dates
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• 586 COVID Updates issued between March 18, 2020,
and Jan. 25, 2023.
• Daily updates for first 13 months, then 3 times per
week, then weekly.
• Sent to nearly 1 , 100 recipient by email and text
• All updates posted to social media �
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print publications and on county �a�o�B�a��G° a '�- ' - _. �: �.: � aea�:�n��a ,�'''.
radio stations, billboards �. ' - � � �� �
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throughout the county, posters and NEED A COVID-19 TEST? y�;� 6�� � � ��� � ��;
flyers distributed throughout the � � � ��� � �- -
FAEE AT-HOME COVIO-19 TEST PflUYl0EN5: " ;�i;
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COYIa-19 AAPIO TEST UPTIONS: � ��� ,��
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Mary Rose Corrigan , Public Health Director
Tom Berger, Dubuque County EMA Coordinator
Jeremy Jensen , Police Chief
Amy Scheller, Fire Chief
Mark Murphy, Environmental Sanitarian/PH Emergency Preparedness Planner
Cori Burbach , Assistant City Manager
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Department Level After-Action IncidentAction Planning, Incident
Reporting Command and COOPs
Recommendation : Departments Focus Area 1 : Response
conduct individual AARs and Coordination and Logistics
Improvement Plans _ Recommendations: Ensure
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process to develop I ncident Action
�� � Plan and Continuation of Essential
,F City Services
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Focus Area 1 :
Res onse Coordination and �� � -
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Recommendations: Human - ��� '
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Resou rces Pol icy � ���
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Explore the potential for � .�==��- �� y' � � ,�:; L �� �
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reassigning city employees =�' � � � ��� �
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COUNTERMEASURES
Focus Area 2 :
Work Process Modifications
Recommendations: Ensure
process for developing and
enforcing public health/employee
safety countermeasures ��t� ��n�n�� �. �� ��� T�r� � � �
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Modifications �" -� � - - - _ �
Focus Area 4: Conti n u it of _ , � � '=� � s T� �
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Operations ' � ��� '- -
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Ensure Information Services and � �: __� -, �r�
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departmental COOPs consider ��� r '� �- �� - ��,:. � _ �
alternate scenarios re uirin �`� � ( `� `��`������ �
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• L.VI`�11`�1 V IV IL.A 1 IVIV EMPLOYEES AND COMMUNITY
Focus Area 2 : Work Process �
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Focus Area 4: Continuity of _ � '�`
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consistent communication �'� �� ~ � � �
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methods and formats throughout �. ,� _
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