Request for New Ordinance - Medians 9-8-321.330City of Dubuque
City Council
ACTION ITEMS
#1.
Copyrighted
January 20, 2026
ITEM TITLE: Request for New Ordinance - Medians 9-8-321.330
SUMMARY: City Manager recommending City Council adopt a new
ordinance to regulate pedestrian use of medians within the
City of Dubuque.
ORDINANCE Amending City Of Dubuque Code Of
Ordinances Title 9 Motor Vehicles And Traffic, Chapter 8
Pedestrians' Rights And Duties And Adopting A New Section
321.330 Pedestrian Safety; Use Of Certain Medians
Prohibited
SUGGUESTED Receive and File; Motion B; Motion A
DISPOSITION:
ATTACHMENTS:
1. MVM Memo
2. Staff Memo Request for Ordinance Medians 9-8-321.330 010526
3. Median Location Packet - 9-8-321.330 Pedestrian Safety
4. Ordinance
5. Written Input -Uploaded 1.20.26
6. Presentation_Uploaded 1.20.26
Page 1180 of 1459
THE C
DUjIBQTE
Masterpiece on the Mississippi
TO: The Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM: Michael C. Van Milligen, City Manager
SUBJECT: Request for New Ordinance — Medians 9-8-321.330
DATE: January 14, 2026
Dubuque
AIFAWca Ciq
ni
I
2007-2012.2013
2017*2019
Chief of Police Jeremy Jensen is recommending City Council adopt a new ordinance to
regulate pedestrian use of medians within the City of Dubuque. The proposed ordinance
is intended to enhance public safety, reduce liability, and provide clarity for enforcement
personnel.
I concur with the recommendation and respectfully request Mayor and City Council
approval.
k�4
Mic ael C. Van Milligen
MCVM:sv
Attachment
cc: Crenna Brumwell, City Attorney
Cori Burbach, Assistant City Manager
Jeremy Jensen, Chief of Police
Steve Radloff, Community Policing Captain
Jason Lehman, Assistant City Attorney
Justine Hull, Traffic Engineer
Page 1181 of 1459
Dubuque Police Department
THE CITY OF Dubuque Law Enforcement Center
770 Iowa Street
ulllneriaCiry P.O. Box 875
DUB
� I j Dubuque, 3) 5 9-4410875
I I Office (563) 589-4410
2007.2012-2013
Fax (563) 589-4497 Masterpiece on the Mississippi 2017*2019 TTY (563) 583-1711
E-mail: police@cityofdubuque.org
www.cityofdubuque.org
January 5, 2026
TO: Michael C. Van Milligen
City Manager
FR: Jeremy Jensen
Chief of Police
RE: Request for New Ordinance — Medians 9-8-321.330
INTRODUCTION
This memo outlines the rationale for adopting a new ordinance to regulate pedestrian
use of medians within the City of Dubuque. The proposed ordinance is intended to
enhance public safety, reduce liability, and provide clarity for enforcement personnel.
BACKGROUND
Over the past several months, the Police Department, Legal, Engineering, and other
stakeholders have collaborated to address growing concerns about pedestrian activity
in roadway medians —particularly in high-traffic/high speed corridors such as Dodge
Street, Hwy 61/151, the Locust Connector, Locust St and the NW Arterial. Complaints
from residents and business owners, as well as safety observations by officers, have
highlighted the need for a clear and enforceable ordinance. Prior to working on an
ordinance, officers attempted to work with individuals, to provide education to them on
the associated safety issues, and to offer services. Generally, people have not
voluntarily complied and have refused services.
A working group led by Legal (Crenna Brumwell, Jason Lehman), Engineering (Justine
Hull), and PD (Capt. Steve Radloff and Chief Jeremy Jensen) has developed and
refined draft ordinance language.
DISCUSSION
Public Safety: Medians are generally not designed for pedestrian occupancy. Their use,
whether for panhandling, resting, or other purposes, creates significant risk due to
proximity to moving traffic and limited visibility. Simply, most medians were not
designed for pedestrian use.
Legal Defensibility- Courts have consistently ruled that panhandling is a form of
protected speech under the First Amendment. Notably, in Reed v. Town of Gilbert
1 of 3
Page 1182 of 1459
(2015), the U.S. Supreme Court emphasized that laws regulating speech based on
content are subject to strict scrutiny. Additionally, in McLaughlin v. City of Lowell (2015)
and Clatterbuck v. City of Charlottesville (2013), federal courts struck down ordinances
that broadly prohibited panhandling in public spaces. Therefore, a subject occupying a
median asking for money, food, etc. is not illegal under a panhandling ordinance.
Therefore, a complete ban on median use for expressive activity would likely be
unconstitutional. The proposed ordinance instead focuses on safety -based restrictions,
such as prohibiting use of medians that are not designed or suitable for pedestrian use
and are near high volume/high speed roads.
It should be noted that this ordinance does not include shoulders of the roadway.
Pedestrians are allowed to use the shoulder, as long as, they move in a direction that is
facing traffic (Iowa Code 321.326) and do not interfere with traffic in the travelled portion
of the roadway by obstructing the street, sidewalk, highway or other public way (City of
Dubuque Ordinance 7-5A-1).
Additionally, for safety reasons motorists are not to stop, stand or park in the traveled
portion of a roadway or by general parking rules unless necessary to avoid conflict with
other traffic.
Consistency with Peer Cities: The draft aligns with similar ordinances in Des Moines
and other Iowa municipalities, while tailoring provisions to Dubuque's unique roadway
configurations.
Next Steps Upon Approval
• Communication for public education.
• Internal training for enforcement personnel.
• Continue coordination with service providers.
RECOMMENDATION
I am requesting approval of the attached ordinance.
Cc Crenna Brumwell, City Attorney
Steve Radloff, Community Policing Captain
Jason Lehman, Assistant City Attorney
Justine Hull, Traffic Engineer
2 of 3
Page 1183 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
All photos are north facing, show median location in purple and description in caption. Some have yellow lines that state a
200' distance from a high volume/high speed roadway.
Attached are city locations where 9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety; Median Use Prohibited includes but is not limited to the SW
Arterial, US 151/61, US 20, NW Arterial, Kerper Blvd, N. Grandview Ave, Central Ave, University Ave, and John F. Kennedy Rd
y 5 -
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Figure 1. SWArterial Interchange at US 151161
■ MEDIAN
Page 1184 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
Figure 2. Digital Dr. at US 151/61
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9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 3. US 151161 between Maquoketa Dr & Twin Valley Dr.
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9�Ao Air.
Page 1186 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 4. S. Locust St between US 20 and US 151161 NB Off -Ramp
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9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
Figure 5. US 201151161 & Locust Connector
Page 1188 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
Figure 6. Kerper Blvd near 16th St.
Page 1189 of 1459
9-8-321.880 Pedestrian Safety Locations
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9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 8. Central Ave & 21st St.
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9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 9. Hilt Stl 9th St/ University Ave.
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Page 1192 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
Figure 10. Hill St. at US 20
Page 1193 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Grandview Ave has other medians that
may need to be considered as well.
Figure 11. Grandview Ave at US20
Page 1194 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 12. US 20 at Devon Dr.
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9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 13. JFK Rd at US 20
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Page 1196 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 14. Wacker Dr. at US 20
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9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 15. Wacker Dr. atJFK Rd.
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Page 1198 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 16. Century Dr/Hyvee Access at US 20
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Page 1199 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 17. US 20 between NWArterial and Old Hwy Rd.lWestside Dr.
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Page 1200 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 18. Chavenelle Dr. at NWArterial
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9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 19. NWArterial between Payton Dr. and Sam's Club Access
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9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
Figure 20. Plaza Dr. at NWArterial
Page 1203 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 21. SWArteriai at Seippe( Rd
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Page 1204 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 22. N. Grandview Roundabouts at University Ave. & Delhi St.
Page 1205 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 23. Clarke University/Senior High School Campus Area - Clarke Dr. and N. Grandview Ave.
Page 1206 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
Figure 24. Asbury Rd. at JFK Rd
Page 1207 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure25. NWArteriaiatlFKRd. inciudingnearW32°dSt.
Page 1208 of 1459
9-8-321.330: Pedestrian Safety Locations
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Figure 26. NWArterial at Central Ave/IA 3
Page 1209 of 1459
Prepared by: Crenna M. Brumwell, Esq. 300 Main Street Suite 330 Dubuque IA 52001 563 589-4381
ORDINANCE NO. 1-26
AMENDING CITY OF DUBUQUE CODE OF ORDINANCES TITLE 9 MOTOR
VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC, CHAPTER 8 PEDESTRIANS' RIGHTS AND DUTIES AND
ADOPTING A NEW SECTION 321.330 PEDESTRIAN SAFETY; USE OF CERTAIN
MEDIANS PROHIBITED
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
DUBUQUE, IOWA:
Section 1. City of Dubuque Code of Ordinances Section 9-8-321.330 is amended
by adding thereto the following:
9-8-321.330: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY; USE OF CERTAIN MEDIANS PROHIBITED:
A. INTENT AND PURPOSE.
a. The purpose of this section is to protect the health, safety, and welfare of
all pedestrians, motor vehicle drivers, motor vehicle passengers, and other
individuals who utilize the public rights -of -way within the city.
b. As the primary purpose of roadway medians in to enhance the safety of and
free flow of traffic on roadways by separating opposing lanes of vehicular
traffic, channeling traffic for turning purposes, calming traffic, and in some
cases providing a temporary refuge for pedestrians crossing busy or wide
roadways, the city council finds that there exist within the city certain
medians that are not designed or suitable for pedestrian use because of
their narrowness or contour.
c. Pedestrian use of these medians on Higher Volume Roadway or on Higher
Speed Roadways or use of these medians on any roadway within 200 feet
of an intersection with a Minor Arterial, Collector, or Local roadway poses
a safety hazard to the user and passing motor vehicle traffic from an
increased risk of a pedestrian and motor vehicle collision and can inhibit
the free flow of traffic.
d. The intent of these regulations is eliminating these safety hazards by
prohibiting pedestrian use of certain narrow or domed medians located on
higher volume or higher speed roadways within the city.
B. DEFINITIONS.
a. "Collector" shall mean the collector street system provides both land
access and traffic circulation within residential neighborhoods and
commercial and industrial areas. It differs from the arterial system in that
facilities on the collector system may penetrate residential neighborhoods,
distributing trips from the arterials through the area to their ultimate
destinations. Conversely, the collector street also collects traffic from local
streets in residential neighborhoods and channels it into the arterial
system. In the central business district, and in other areas of similar
development and traffic density, the collector system may include the
entire street grid.
b. "Flat" shall mean having a maximum difference in cross -slope of eight and
three -tenths percent (8.3%) or less throughout.
c. "Higher Speed Roadway" shall mean a roadway with a posted speed limit
of thirty (30) miles per hour or greater.
d. "Higher Volume Roadway" shall mean a roadway classified as an
Interstate or Other Principal Arterial, on the Federal Functional
Classifications Map as established by the Dubuque Metropolitan Area
Transportation Study (DMATS).
e. Interstate shall mean a highway that is part of the Dwight D. Eisenhower
National System of Interstate and Defense Highways.
f. "Local" shall mean streets allowing direct access to abutting land and
connections to the higher order street systems offering the lowest level of
mobility and deliberately discourage major through traffic movements.
g. "Median" shall mean the area between two (2) roadways of a divided street
or highway measured from the edge of the travelled way to the edge of the
traveled way including areas between traffic lanes for control and
channelization of vehicular movements. Such an area may be physically
defined by curbing, landscaping, or other physical obstacles to the area's
use by motor vehicles.
h. "Median that is not designed or suitable for pedestrian use" shall mean:
i. Any median along any higher speed or higher volume roadway,
ii. Any median within 200 feet of the intersection of a Minor Arterial,
Collector, or Local roadway with a Higher Speed Roadway or
Higher Volume Roadway within the city that is six feet (6) or less in
width or that does not possess a flat cross -slope area regardless of
width.
i. "Minor Arterial" shall mean inter -connections with and augmentations to
the major arterial system. It accommodates trips of moderate length at a
somewhat lower level of travel mobility than major arterials. This system
places more emphasis on land access but still has specific limits on access
points. A minor arterial may carry local bus routes and provide intra-
community continuity but ideally does not penetrate identifiable
neighborhoods. This system includes urban connections to rural collector
roads where such connections have not been classified as urban major
arterials.
j. "Other Principal Arterial" shall mean the major (principal) arterial system
carries most of the trips entering and leaving the area as well as most of
the through movements bypassing the central city. In addition, significant
intra-area travel such as between central business districts and outlining
residential areas, between major inner-city communities, and between
major suburban centers, is served by major arterials. Frequently, the
major arterial carries important intra-urban as well as inter -city bus routes.
Finally, in urbanized areas, this system provides continuity for all rural
arterials that intercept the urban boundary.
C. PROHIBITION. It shall be unlawful for any person to access, use, occupy,
congregate, or assemble on or about any median that is not designed or
suitable for pedestrian use. Any violation of this section shall be punished as
provided in section 1-4-2 of this Code.
D. EXEMPTIONS. this section does not apply to:
a. Local, state, or federal law enforcement, parking enforcement personnel,
and emergency responders, while performing official duties.
b. Employees or contractors of the city, state, or other political subdivision,
when engaged in construction, maintenance, repair, or for other
authorized municipal purposes in the public right-of-way
c. Employees or contractors of an entity authorized by permit or license from
the city state, or other political subdivision to access the median to install,
repair, maintain, or remove any utility, communication, cable, or other type
of infrastructure; and
d. Any individual responding to an emergency in the street.
Section 2. This ordinance shall take effect upon publication.
Passed, approved, and adopted this 20th day of January, 2026.
Attest:
Adrienne N. Breitfeldk City Clerk
Adrienne Breitfelder
From: City of Dubuque <noreply-dubuque@gscend.com>
Sent: Tuesday, January 20, 2026 7:43 PM
To: Adrienne Breitfelder
Subject: A new Service Request has been created [Request ID #229227] (Contact City Council) -
Dubuque, IA
Caution! This message was sent from outside your organization. Never give your login Allow sender I Block sender
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Dubuque, IA
A new service request has been filed.
ID
229227
Date/Time
1 /20/2026 7:43 PM
Type
Contact City Council
Address
DODGE ST, Dubuque
Origin
Website
Comments
I'm listening to the 1)20)26 City Council meeting
regarding the new ordinance regarding use of
the street medians, especially on Dodge Street.
I have also seen a man in a wheelchair sitting at
the turn lane from the Mall onto Dodge Street, in
a very dark area where he could have been hit
by a car.
At the time I saw him, there was also a man and
a woman helping him. They appeared to have
been walking and carrying shopping bags to him.
I personally wondered how he got to the area as
it appeared to me that his wheelchair was in poor
condition and where he was sitting as it was after
bus times, and there isn't any housing in that
area.
Perhaps someone could find the two people who
were helping him and convince the man to select
a safer area for whatever his purposes are.
Submitter
Brown, Talma M
2004 Windsor Ave
Dubuque, IA 52001
406-249-1367
stargazerlily1963@gmail.com
Dubuque, IA
Adrienne Breitfelder
From:
Sent:
To:
Subject:
Trish Gleason
Tuesday, January 20, 2026 1:42 PM
Adrienne Breitfelder
FW: Agenda 01/20/2026
Adrienne,
The below email from S.A. Sutton goes with Service Request Details ID #229211
The submitter had a very difficult time figuring out our system. This is the easiest wayTusdee and I could
get her to submit her information.
Thankyou,
Dubuque, IA
A new service request has been fled.
ID 229211
DateMme 112012926 12.41 PM
Type Contact City Council
Address Dubuque
Origin Website
Comments Agenda: January 20, 2026
Re. Action Item # 1
Submitter Sutton, S.A. Sutton
1700 N. Algona
Dubuque, IA52001
563-582-1775
preservebll corn
mew in QP.Ier1l
THE CITY OF
DUB E
Masterpiece on the Mississippi
Trish Gleason, IaCMC, IaMFO, CIVIC, MMC
Assistant City Clerk I City of Dubuque
City Hall 150 West 131h St. Dubuque, Iowa 52001
0: 563-589-4120 I F: 563-589-0890
From: preservebluffs@yahoo.com <preservebluffs@yahoo.com>
Sent: Tuesday, January 20, 2026 1:16 PM
To: Trish Gleason <Tgleason@cityofdubuque.org>
Subject: Agenda 01/20/2026
You don't often get email from preservebluffs@vahoo.com. Learn why this is important
Caution! This message was sent from outside your organization. Never give your login
information and password over email!
RE: Action Item # 1
Dear Council Members:
Allow sender I Block sender I Report
1
Page 1213 of 1459
I request that you consider this Action Item carefully and consider a NO vote at this time.
We as a City try to help the disadvantaged, disabled and the homeless with proper housing especially
during these cold winter months but this is not always possible.
Presently there is a man in a wheelchair, with two small dogs, who is often on the East Median next
to Highway 20 between Plaza 20 and Kwik Star. I've spoken to this man a few times and he is trying
to raise enough money for a hotel room (probably behind Dunkin Donuts.)
What can be done to help him? Do shelters not take dogs? Can the Housing Department contact
him?
In the meantime he needs to be able to stay where he is (on the Median) to collect needed money for
housing. It's a terrible situation.
With kind regards, I am,
S.A. Sutton
1700N. Algona
Dubuque. 52001
Preserve bIuffs(ja�yahoo.com
ra
Page 1214 of 1459
Adrienne Breitfelder
From: City of Dubuque <noreply-dubuque@qscend.com>
Sent: Tuesday, January 20, 2026 12:41 PM
To: Adrienne Breitfelder
Subject: A new Service Request has been created [Request ID #229211] (Contact City Council) -
Dubuque, IA
Caution! This message was sent from outside your organization. Never give your login Allow sender I Block sender
information and password over email! Report
Dubuque, IA
A new service request has been filed.
to] W,Y14'Y4M
Date/Time 1/20/2026 12:41 PM
Type Contact City Council
Address
Dubuque
Origin
Website
Comments
Agenda: January 20, 2026
Re: Action Item # 1
Submitter
Sutton, S.A. Sutton
1700 N. Algona
Dubuque, IA 52001
563-582-1775
preservebluffs@yahoo.com
Dubuque, IA
1
Page 1215 of 1459
Adrienne Breitfelder
From: City of Dubuque <noreply-dubuque@qscend.com>
Sent: Sunday, January 18, 2026 7:23 PM
To: Adrienne Breitfelder
Subject: A new Service Request has been created [Request ID #2291931 (Contact City Council) -
Dubuque, IA
Caution! This message was sent from outside your organization. Never give your login Allow sender I Block sender
information and password over email! Report
Dubuque, IA
A new service request has been filed.
ID
229193
Date/Time
1/18/2026 7:23 PM
Type
Contact City Council
Address
Dubuque
Origin
Website
Comments
Panhandling in medians ordinance.
Fine exclude panhandlers from roadway
medians, but proposed fines are a ridiculous
idea. These people are panhandling because
they have no money. Pay a fine? Not going to
happen. They'll just end up in jail first
nonpayment. As it stands, this is a poor solution.
Please work with social service agencies to
come up with alternatives, or just drop the whole
idea. The fix could be worse than the problem it
intends to fix.
Submitter
Wright, Mike
385 Burch St
Dubuque, IA 52001
319-621-7764
mike.wright.1107@gmail.com
1
Page 1216 of 1459
Adrienne Breitfelder
From: City of Dubuque <noreply-dubuque@qscend.com>
Sent: Sunday, January 18, 2026 5:14 PM
To: Adrienne Breitfelder
Subject: A new Service Request has been created [Request ID #229192] (Contact City Council) -
Dubuque, IA
Caution! This message was sent from outside your organization. Never give your login Allow sender I Block sender
information and password over email! Report
Dubuque, IA
A new service request has been filed.
ID 229192
Date/Time 1/18/2026 5:14 PM
Type Contact City Council
Address Dubuque
Origin Website
Comments Forgive me if you get this or a similar message
twice. I had some issues inputting it.
I write in support of the proposed ordinance
outlawing loitering on roadway medians.
I love the City of Dubuque's approach to the
unhoused citizens of Dubuque offering support
services and not incarceration. And I do respect
that panhandling has been interpreted as
protected speech by the courts. However we
have a number of individuals who have taken to
our highway medians to panhandle and I believe
that this puts them and the motoring public in
immediate danger. We need to outlaw this
practice before we lose a life. I would hope that
we can use opportunity instead of prosecution to
achieve this, but we simply must get these folks
off the medians.
I am sensitive to the harm that a monetary fine
can do to a person in poverty and would hope
Page 1217 of 1459
that community service opportunities could
replace monetary fines when possible.
The risk that panhandling from the median poses
is not only to the panhandler. Any motorist
accidentally striking someone on the highway —
at fault or not — will have their life changed
dramatically. The brain health impacts from such
an incident can be debilitating.
hank you for supporting the proposed ordinance
and thank yo for your service!
Submitter Jones, Ric
1270 Dunleith Ct
Dubuque, IA 52003
563-543-6527
ric@ricjones.com
Dubuque, IA
Page 1218 of 1459
City of Dubuque
Proposed Ordinance
9-8-321 *330
Pedestrian Safety; Use of
Certain Medians Prohibited
Why?
Panhandling is not a crime: Court rulings have stated
outright bans are unconstitutional due to the freedom of
speech.
SAFETY!
Pedestrian Safety -pedestrians don't win against
vehicles!
Motorist Safety -distractions
Almost a daily complaint (formal and informal)
"Someone is going to get hit"
"I couldn't see the guy in the
wheelchair and I almost hit him"
What is being prohibited?
► High speed and high volume roadways.
► Areas where medians are designed to funnel/protect
motorists not pedestrians.
Nothing is prohibiting traversing of the medians.
Where?
► The locations (maps in the supporting documentation)
The complaint locations to the police have almost
exclusively been on Dodge St, Hwy 61 / 151, the Locust
Connector and the intersections associated with these
roads.
Enforcement
Warning (voluntary compliance)
We offer services and connection to a provider if the subject
indicates a need.
Municipal Infraction
Allows for flexibility with outcomes (fine reduction, community
service, etc.)
Arrest
Jail and it is up to the judge what is done with fines.
Municipal Infraction
1-4-2: CIVIL PENALTY:
A. Definitions:
MUNICIPAL INFRACTION: Except those provisions specifically provided under state law as a felony, an aggravated
misdemeanor, or a serious misdemeanor or a simple misdemeanor under chapters 687 through 747 of the code of Iowa, the
doing of any act prohibited or declared to be unlawful, an offense or a misdemeanor by this code, or any ordinance or code
herein adopted by reference, or omission or failure to perform any act or duty required by this code, or any ordinance or code
herein adopted by reference, is a "municipal infraction" and is punishable by civil penalty as provided herein.
OFFICER: Any employee or official authorized to enforce the code of ordinances of the city of Dubuque.
REPEAT OFFENSE: A recurring violation of the same section of the code of ordinances.
B. Penalties:
1. A municipal infraction is punishable by a civil penalty as provided in the following schedule, unless a specific
schedule of civil penalties is provided for specific offenses elsewhere in this code:
2. Each day that a violation occurs or is permitted to exist by the violator constitutes a separate offense.
3. Seeking a civil penalty as authorized in this chapter does not preclude the city from seeking alternative relief from the
court in the same action as provided in the code of Iowa.
Municipal Infraction
Questions?