5.30 PM — Sustainable Dubuque - Greenhouse Gas Inventory Update Copyrighted
June 15, 2026
City of Dubuque WORK SESSION #
City Council
ITEM TITLE: 5:30 PM — Sustainable Dubuque - Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Update
SUMMARY: Sustainable Community Coordinator Gina Bell will provide an
update on the progress towards meeting the 50% by 2030
greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal as well as share
information about setting a longer-term, science-based target.
SUGGUESTED
DISPOSITION:
ATTACHMENTS:
1. MVM Memo Sustainable Dubuque Work Session — Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Update
2. Staff Memo SD Quarterly Work Session Agenda GHG Inventory Update_06062026
3. DRAFT_Dubuque_report_06082026
4. FINAL Council Presentation 06082026
Page 14 of 1594
Dubuque
THE CITY OF �
uhA�eMa cin
DuB E ; . � ,
I � � I.
Maste iece on the Mississi t 2oo�•zoiz•zois
�P Pp zoi�*zoi9
TO: The Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM: Michael C. Van Milligen, City Manager
SUBJECT: Sustainable Dubuque Work Session — Greenhouse Gas Inventory Update
DATE: June 10, 2026
Director of Sustainability Gina Bell is submitting information for the 5:30 p.m. June 15,
2026, Sustainability Dubuque Work Session.
The purpose of this work session is to give an update on our progress towards meeting
the 50% by 2030 greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal as well as share information
about setting a longer-term, science-based target.
v
Mic ael C. Van Milligen
MCVM:sv
Attachment
cc: Crenna Brumwell, City Attorney
Cori Burbach, Assistant City Manager
Gina Bell, Director of Sustainability
Page 15 of 1594
Dubuque
THE CITY OF �
All-Aoerip Ciq
DuB E ,:�,u .�.� ,
Ilm
Maste iece on the Mississi i zoo�.zoiz.zois
�p pp Zoi�*zoia
MEMORANDUM
TO: Michael C. Van Milligen, City Manager
FROM: Gina Bell, Director of Sustainability
SUBJECT: Sustainable Dubuque Work Session — Greenhouse Gas Inventory Update
DATE: June 9, 2026
INTRODUCTION
This memo is for informational purposes only in preparation for the Sustainable
Dubuque Work Session on June 15, 2026.
BACKGROUND
The City Council adopted a 50% by 2030 greenhouse gas reduction goal in 2011. The
Climate Action Plan (CAP) is a plan containing specific actions to help reduce and
measure our greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Throughout the past 15 years, the City
Council has funded specific actions from the CAP, as well as provided funding to add
staff capacity to the Office of Sustainability.
Every three years the Office of Sustainability contracts with an outside agency to
conduct a greenhouse gas inventory to track our efforts to meet our 50% reduction goal
by 2030. We contracted Lotus Engineering + Sustainability to update the inventory.
DISCUSSION
The purpose of this work session is to give an update on our progress towards meeting
the 50% by 2030 greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal as well as share information
about setting a longer-term, science-based target.
Of note, the GHG report is still in draft form so that we have time to fully review in its
entirety. However, the emissions inventory numbers are final.
REQUESTED ACTION
No action needed, for informational purposes only.
Page 16 of 1594
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Cityof Dubuque 2025 Community
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report
June 2026
THE CTTY OF
DuB E
LOT U S
Masterpiece on the Mississippi Engineering&Sustainability
Page 17 of 1594
Page I ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IV
2025 GHG Inventory Results iv
TotalEmissions............................................................................................................................................................................iv
Emissionsby Sector..................................................................................................................................................................iv
Emissionsby Source..................................................................................................................................................................v
Emissions Over Time v
TotalEmissions 2018-2025....................................................................................................................................................v
Emissions by Comparable Source 2018-2025.......................................................................................................vi
TotalEmissions 2003-2025..................................................................................................................................................vi
Science-Based Target vii
INTRODUCTION 1
DUBUQUE'S 2025 EMISSIONS 1
Emissions Overview 2
Emissionsby Sector...................................................................................................................................................................2
Emissionsby Source..................................................................................................................................................................2
Emissions by Sector and Source......................................................................................................................................3
Normalized Metrics and Benchmarking 5
Stationary Energy 6
Transportation 7
Waste and Wastewater 7
Industrial Processes�Product Use(IPPU) 8
YEAR-OVER-YEAR TRENDS 9
SCIENCE-BASED TARGET 11
CONCLUSION 12
APPENDIX: DETAILED EMISSIONS OVER TIME 13
Page 18 of 1594
Page I iii
Table of Figures
Figure 1 ES. 2025 Emissions by sector.....................................................................................................................................iv
Figure2 ES. 2025 Emissions by source...................................................................................................................................v
Figure 3 ES.Total and comparable emissions in 2018, 2022, and 2025...........................................................v
Figure 4 ES.Comparable emission sources in 2018, 2022,and 2025...............................................................vi
Figure 5 ES. Emission trends from 2003 to 2025............................................................................................................vii
Figure6. 2025 GHG emissions by sector..............................................................................................................................2
Figure 7. 2025 GHG emissions by source..............................................................................................................................2
Figure 8. 2025 GHG emissions by sector and source..................................................................................................3
Figure 9. 2025 stationary energy sector breakdown...................................................................................................6
Figure 10. 2025 transportation sector breakdown..........................................................................................................7
Figure 11. 2025 waste sector breakdown...............................................................................................................................8
Figure12. IPPU sector breakdown...............................................................................................................................................8
Figure 13. Total and comparable emissions in 2018, 2022,and 2025...............................................................9
Figure 14. Comparable emission sources in 2018,2022,and 2025...................................................................10
Figure 15.Year-over-year total emissions (increases and decreases).......................................................10
Figure 16. Emission trends from 2003 to 2025...................................................................................................................11
Table of Tables
Table 1. 2025 GHG emissions by sector and source (mt CO2e)...........................................................................4
Table 2. Benchmarking of normalized GHG emissions metrics...........................................................................5
Table 3. 2003, 2018, 2022,and 2025 emissions comparison.................................................................................13
Cover photo from the City of Dubuque.
Page 19 of 1594
Page I iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of Dubuque hired Lotus Engineering and Sustainability (Lotus) to complete a
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory for community-wide emissions in 2025. Dubuque
has been measuring community GHG emissions since 2003 and has an emissions reduction
goal of 50% from 2003 levels by 2030. The inventory completed by Lotus for 2025 included the
same sources as in previous years including the sources added in the 2022 inventory. Between
2003 and 2018, the emission sources measured by Dubuque included residential electricity,
residential natural gas, commercial and industrial (C&I) electricity, C&I natural gas, gasoline
on-road vehicles,diesel on-road vehicles,and landfill gas.
In the 2022 inventory, Lotus added the following sources: residential propane, residential
fugitive emissions, residential transmission & distribution (T&D) losses, C&I propane, C&I
stationary diesel, C&I T&D losses, on-road electricity, on-road T&D losses, transit, railways,
aviation, waterborne, composted waste, wastewater, and refrigerant leakage. The 2025
inventory includes those same sources.
2025 GHG Inventory Results
IPPU
Waste6Wastewater _ _ --'- Z/
Total Emissions 3�
The City of Dubuque's GHG emissions
totaled 680,236 mt COZe in 2025. This
value includes emissions from all sources
listed in the previous section. Dubuque's
per capita emissions in 2025 totaled 11.53
mt CO2e per person.
Residential
Buildings
Emissions by Sector ZZ%
The three largest sectors,or categories,of
emissions in 2025 were C&I building Figure 1 ES.2025 Emissions by sector.
energy usage (43% of total emissions),
transportation fuels (30%), and residential building energy usage (22%). The waste and
wastewater sector and the industrial processes and product use (IPPU) sector together made
up the remaining 5% of emissions. See Error! Not a valid bookmark self-reference.Error!
Reference source not found.
Page 20 of 1594
Pagelv
Emissions by Source
Breaking down sectors into individual sources, the three largest sources of emissions for
Dubuque in 2025 were natural gas usage (34%of total emissions),electricity usage (29%),and
�Solid Waste Railways
3� 0.43%
Refrigerants
2%
Propane
0.32%
T&D Losses �'
p� / Wastewater
Building Electricity �other p qgy
29% 5% /
Avtation
0.24%
On-Road EleCtriCity
/ 0.06%
� Waterborne
------ — 0.05%
Compost
0.02Y,
Figure 2 ES.2025 Emissions by source.
on-road fossil fuel use in vehicles (29%). Solid waste made up three percent of total emissions
and refrigerant leakage and T&D losses made up two percent.The remaining sources together
comprised one percent of the remaining emissions. See Error! Reference source not found.
Emissions Over Time
Total Emissions 2018-2025
Looking at total emissions (including � s5o,000
the new sources added by Lotus), o
Dubuque's emissions decreased 17 ��
percent between 2018 and 2025 and � �50,000
9 percent between 2022 and 2025. �o
Excluding the new sources (only o
looking at comparable sources), 6
� 650,000
Dubuque's emissions decreased 22 0
percent between 2018 and 2025 and o
9 percent between 2022 and 2025. �
Despite the addition of several new � 550,000
sources in 2022, Dubuque's total 2o�s 2oz2 2025
emissions are continuing to decrease Year
compared to the 2018 baseline. See Figure 3 ES.Total and comparable emissions in 2018,2022,and
2025.
Figure 3 ES.Figure 3 ES. Total and
Page 21 of 1594
Page I vi
comparable emissions in 2018,2022,and 2025.
Emissions by Comparable Source 2018-2025
Focusing on comparable sources between 2018 and 2025, all emission sources decreased
except for on-road gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions. Between 2022 and 2025,all emission
sources decreased except for C&I natural gas,on-road diesel,and landfill emissions.See Figure
4 ES. Comparable emission sources in 2018, 2022,and 2025. Emissions reductions for electricity can
be attributed to reductions in Alliant Energy's electricity emission factor. Between 2018 and
2025, the emission factor for electricity decreased 40%, from 0.538 mt CO2/MWh to 0.323 mt
CO2/MWh. Note that the EPA eGRID factor was previously used before 2022 rather than an
emission factor provided by Alliant Energy. Between 2022 and 2025 the Alliant Energy emission
factor for electricity decreased 15%,from 0.382 mt CO2/MWh to 0.323 mt CO2/MWh.
250,000
c 200,000
m
0
>
�
v
�
d
� 150,000
0
`o
0
n
o`
° 100,000
0
c
0
U
N
E 50,000
Residential Residential Natural Commercial and Commercial and On-Road Gasoline On-Road Diesel Landfill
Electricity Gas Industrial Electricity Industrial Natural
Gas
Emission source
■2018 2022 ■2025
Figure 4 ES.Comparable emission sources in 2018,2022,and 2025.
Total Emissions 2003-2025
Looking at Dubuque's total emissions (including new sources added by Lotus in 2022),between
the baseline year of 2003 and the most recent inventory year of 2025, Dubuque's emissions
have decreased by 39%. Excluding the new emission sources added in 2022, Dubuque's
emissions decreased by 43% between 2003 and 2025. Dubuque is still on track to meet its
Page 22 of 1594
Page I vii
current emissions reduction goal, regardless of emissions sources included. See Figure 5 ES.
Emission trends from 2003 to 2025.
1,150,000
c
a�
° 1,000,000
�
s
d
a�
�
�X
0
� 850,000
c
0
�
° 680,236
0
0 700,000
U
� 638,994
E
550,000
2003 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2022 2025
Year
�Total Emissions �Comparable Emissions
Figure 5 ES. Emission trends from 2003 to 2025.
Science-Based Target
Although the City of Dubuque has an existing emissions reduction goal of 50%from 2003 levels
by 2050, Lotus used the One Planet City Challenge's (OPCC) approach to calculate a science-
based emissions reduction target for Dubuque in 2022. This approach used the US Human
Development Index Score (HDI) and population growth projections,as well as the community's
total scope 1 and 2 emissions and population during the baseline year of 2018. Using the
methodology from OPCC, Lotus calculated Dubuque's science-based target to be a 62%
emissions reduction from 2018 levels by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2050.
Page 23 of 1594
Pagell
I NTRODUCTION
The City of Dubuque has been tracking greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions since 2003 and has
an emissions reduction goal of 50%from 2003 levels by 2030. In 2026,the City contracted with
Lotus Engineering and Sustainability, LLC (Lotus) to create a community-wide GHG emissions
inventory for calendar year 2025.The inventory completed by Lotus for 2025 included the same
emissions sources as in previous years, including the newly added sources from the 2022
inventory.
Between 2003 and 2018, the emission sources measured by Dubuque included residential
electricity, residential natural gas,commercial and industrial (C&I) electricity,C&I natural gas,
gasoline on-road vehicles,diesel on-road vehicles,and landfill gas. In the 2022 inventory,Lotus
added the following sources: residential propane, residential fugitive emissions, residential
transmission&distribution (T&D) losses,C&I propane,C&I stationary diesel,C&I T&D losses,on-
road electricity, on-road T&D losses, transit, railways, aviation, waterborne, composted waste,
wastewater, and refrigerant leakage. Those newly added sources were included in the 2025
inventory as well.Throughout the report,"total emissions"will refer to all calculated sources
of emissions for 2025. "Comparable emissions" will refer to only the sources of emissions
that Dubuque has tracked since 2003 and does not include the sources added in 2022.
Lotus used the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories
(GPC) to calculate Dubuque's 2025 emissions.The GPC allows cities and local governments to
develop a robust, transparent, and globally accepted framework to consistently identify,
calculate, and report on city greenhouse gas emissions. The following report will provide
Dubuque with an overview of the 2025 inventory process, an analysis of city-wide emissions,
and an assessment of year-over-year trends that can be used to inform future emission
reduction strategies.
DUBUQUE'S 2025 EMISSIONS
Dubuque's community-wide GHG emissions in 2025 totaled 680,236 mt COZe.This equates
to a nine percent decrease compared to the last inventory year of 2022 and a 39%decrease
compared to the baseline year of 2003.The majority of 2025 emissions came from building
energy use and on-road transportation fuel use.
Page 24 of 1594
Page12
Emissions Overview
Emissions by Sector IPPU
Waste�Wastewater _ _ 2�
The three largest emission sectors in 3%
2025 were C&I building energy usage
(296,813 mt COZe or 43% of total
emissions), transportation (203,541 mt
COZe or 30%), and residential building
energy usage (148,132 mt CO2e or 22%).
The waste and wastewater sector and
the industrial processes and product
use (IPPU) sector made up the Residential
remaining total emissions (20,414 mt B"''d'"9S
zs i
COZe or 3%and 11,336 or 2%respectively).
See Figure 6.2025 GHG emissions by sector.
Figure 6.2025 GHG emissions by sector.
Emissions by Source
Breaking down sectors into individual sources, the three largest sources of emissions for
Dubuque in 2025 were natural gas usage (228,974 mt CO2e or 34%of total emissions),on-road
fossil fuel vehicles (197,331 mt CO2e or 29%),and electricity usage (194,351 mt CO2e or 29%).Solid
waste and refrigerant leakage in buildings each made up three percent and two percent of
total emissions (18,357 mt CO2e and 11,336 mt CO2e, respectively), and the remaining sources
together comprised three percent of total emissions. See Figure 7.2025 GHG emissions by source.
Solid Waste Railways
3% 0.43%
Refrigerants
2%
Propane
0.32%
T&D Losses
Building Electricity other Z� Wastewnter
- 0.28"/0
29% 5%
1 jr Aviation
j ! 0.24Y
/
�'
. On-ROqd EleCtriCity
��,,-/,;/ � 0.06%
�
��� Waterborne
0.05%
�Compost
0.02/
Figure 7.2025 GHG emissions by source.
Page 25 of 1594
Page13
Emissions by Sector and Source
The following figure combines emission sectors and sources. The figure separates residential
building energy usage from commercial and industrial (C&I) building energy usage,as well as
on-road gasoline vehicles from on-road diesel vehicles.This provides a more detailed analysis
of emission sources. See Figure 8. 2025 GHG emissions by sector and source.Separating the
categories of building energy usage and on-road fossil fuel vehicles,the three largest emission
sources for Dubuque in 2025 were C&I electricity usage including transmission and distribution
losses (145,048 mt CO2e or 21%),C&I natural gas usage (144,465 mt CO2e or 21%),and on-road
gasoline vehicles (142,659 mt CO2e or 21%).
Residential Propane
0.05%
Industrial Processes and
Product Use Residential Fugitive
2%
) � Emissions
Wastewater (� 0.5%
0.3% �
ReSidential �
Noturol Gos �
I
compost 12% i/ �
0.02%
�
Landlilled \\ .
3%
- �
Wa[erborne
0.05q
Aviption
0.2Y
Railways
0.4q
Transit
0.1% On-Road Commercial Natural
Gasoline Gas
On-Road Electricity 21y Z��
0.06%
On-Road Diesel I
8%
Commercial Fugitive Emissions Commerciol Propone
0.8% 0.3Y
Figure 8.2025 GHG emissions by sector and source.
The following table lists all emission sectors and sources by total emissions in mt CO2e and
percentage of total emissions. See Table 1. 2025 GHG emissions by sector and source (mt CO2e).For
comparison between 2003,2018,2022,and 2025 emission sources,see Table 3 in the Appendix.
Page 26 of 1594
Page I 4
Table l.2025 GHG emissions by sector and source (mt CO2e).
. . . . - . . .
Residential Fuel Use 148,279 21.80%
Residential Electricity 60,304 8.87%
Residential Natural Gas 84,509 12.42%
Residential Propane 354 0.05%
Residential Fugitive Emissions 3,112 0.46%
Commercial and Industrial Fuel Use 296,666 43.61%
Commercial and Industrial Electricity 145,048 21.32%
Commercial Natural Gas 144,465 21.24%
Commercial Propane 1,834 0.27%
Commercial Fugitive Emissions 5,319 0.78%
Transportation 203,541 29.92%
On-Road Gasoline 142,659 20.97%
On-Road Diesel 54,652 8.03%
On-Road Electricity 433 0.06%
Transit 894 0.13%
Railways 2,928 0.43%
Aviation 1,622 0.24%
Waterborne 351 0.05%
Waste 20,414 3.00%
Landfilled 18,357 2.70%
Compost 133 0.02%
Wastewater 1,924 0.28%
Industrial Processes and Product Use 11,336 1.67%
Refrigerant Leaks 11,336 1.67%
Total 680,236 100%
*Note that transmission and distribution/osses have been combined with e%ctricity use in the
residential, commercia/, and on-road sectors.
Page 27 of 1594
Page I 5
Normalized Metrics and Benchmarking
Below are normalized metrics' for Dubuque's 2025 GHG emissions, as well as normalized
metrics for other cities in the region. See Table 2. Benchmarking of normalized GHG emissions
metrics.These data help to situate Dubuque amongst its neighboring and similar cities in terms
of emissions. It is important to note that not all cities listed below have updated inventories for
2025, so their most recent inventory data were used.
Table 2. Benchmarking of normalized GHG emissions metrics.
.
- . . . . .
.
- . . - . . . . . . . . -
• -
Dubuque,IA 2025 58,987 680,236 11.53 26.35 22.24
Bozeman,MT 2024 56,114 705,542 12.57 27.23 19.64
Appleton,WI 2024 74,439 806,790 10.84 25.79 19.97
Eagan,MN 2022 67,526 919,762 13.62 32.00 22.24
Minnetonka,MN 2022 53,529 700,857 13.09 28.44 23.00
Lakeville,MN 2022 74,551 520,850 6.99 19.10 13.07
Eden Prairie,MN 2022 63,623 762,715 11.99 29.36 21.10
Stationary Energy
Building energy use, or stationary energy, emissions made up 65% of Dubuque's total
emissions in 2025. C&I natural gas usage was the largest source of stationary energy
emissions (144,465 mt CO2e or 32% of total stationary energy emissions). This source was
followed by C&I electricity usage (137,278 mt CO2e or 31%),residential natural gas usage(84,509
T6D Losses
3%
/.
%
i
,�
Commercial Other
Electrieity yy,
31%
Commercial Propane
0.41%
Residential Propane
0.08%
' Norrr = net
gener Figure 9.2025 stationary energy sector breakdown. sions
per pE
Page 28 of 1594
PaaP I 6
mt CO2e or 19%), and residential electricity usage (57,073 mt CO2e or 13%). The remaining
stationary energy sources made up five percent of total stationary energy emissions. See
Figure 9. 2025 stationary energy sector breakdown.
Compared to the last inventory year of 2022, residential electricity emissions have decreased
by 22%and residential natural gas emissions have decreased by 10%.C&I electricity emissions
have decreased by 14% and C&I natural gas emissions have increased by 2%. Since the
baseline year of 2003,both C&I electricity and residential electricity emissions have decreased
by 69%, C&I natural gas emissions have increased by 15%, and residential natural gas
emissions have decreased by 23%.
Emissions from natural gas will decrease if more homes and businesses convert from natural
gas furnaces, stoves, and water heaters to electric heat pumps. Much of the decrease in
electricity emissions has been possible due to Alliant Energy's work to add renewable energy
to the electric grid. Between 2022 and 2025,the emission factor for electricity decreased from
0.382 mt CO2/MWh to 0.323 mt CO2/MWh; this is a 15% decrease from 2022. Additionally, the
2025 inventory was the first inventory to receive renewable energy generation data from Alliant
Energy from photovoltaic systems throughout the community. Electricity emissions will also
continue to decrease as these systems become more prevalent moving forward.
Transportation
Transportation emissions made up 30% of Dubuque's total emissions in 2025. The largest
source of transportation emissions was on-road gasoline vehicles (142,659 mt CO2e or 70% of
total transportation emissions). This was followed by on-road diesel vehicles (54,652 mt CO2e
or 27%). All other sources of transportation emissions made up three percent of all
On-Road
Diesel
27%
Other
3� On-Road
Electricity
0.2%
�terba
0.2%
��T&D Loss
0.01�
Figure 10.2025 transportation sector breakdown.
Page 29 of 1594
Page17
transportation emissions. See Figure 10.2025 transportation sector breakdown.
The only transportation sources comparable to past inventories are on-road gasoline and
diesel vehicles. Emissions from gasoline vehicles decreased by 15% between 2022 and 2025
and have increased by 6%since 2003. Emissions from diesel vehicles increased by 8% between
2022 and 2025 and have increased by 57% since 2003. Note that activity data between 2022
and 2025 uses different methodology as Google EIE data is updating their methodology and
data will not be available for 2025. The 15% decrease in gasoline vehicle emissions between
2022 and 2025 could be attributed to an increase in electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles (PHEV). There were an estimated 288 registered battery electric vehicles in
Dubuque in 2025, a 197% increase from the estimated 97 registered EVs in 2022. In 2025,
Dubuque's EV/PHEV registrations were up 299 from 2022 totals. Additionally, Dubuque Airport
operated commercial flights in 2025. No commercial flights operated in previous inventory
years, and commercial flights ceased in 2026. Subsequent inventories will most likely reflect a
decrease in aviation emissions.
Waste and Wastewater
Waste and wastewater emissions made up
three percent of Dubuque's total emissions in
2025.The Dubuque Metropolitan Area landfill falls �compost
inside city limits, so all emissions from the landfill o.7°io
. ,.
are attributable to Dubuque. Emissions from the �
landfill made up most of the waste and
wastewater emissions (18,357 mt CO2e or 90%). �wastewaeer
Wastewater made up nine percent (1,924 mt 9���
CO2e) and composted waste made up less than
one percent (133 mt CO2e). See Figure 11. 2025
waste sector breakdown.Although all landfill
emissions are attributable to the city, 12% of
landfilled waste tonnage is directly attributable to
Dubuque residents.
Dubuque's past inventories did track emissions from the landfill; however, they did not track
emissions from composting or wastewater treatment processes. Landfill emissions have
increased by 13% since 2022 and decreased by 78% Figure 11.2025 waste sector breakdown.
since 2003. The landfill began capturing landfill gas
several years ago,significantly reducing emissions.
Page 30 of 1594
Page18
Industrial Processes & Product Use (IPPU)
IPPu emissions made up two percent of
Dubuque's total emissions in 2025. The
only source of IPPU emissions calculated Residential
for Dubuque was refrigerant leakage from Refrigerant
Leakage Commercial
commercial and residential systems. 52r� �Ref��ge�pnt
i Leakage
Residential refrigerant leakage made up � 48,
52% of total IPPU emissions (5,922 mt
CO2e) and commercial refrigerant
leakage made up 48% of total IPPU
emissions (5,414 mt CO2e). See Figure 12.
IPPU sector breakdown.
Figure 12. IPPU sector breakdown.
YEAR-OVER-YEAR TRENDS
There are two ways to compare the year-
over-year GHG emissions totals for � 850,000
Dubuque: total emissions and °
�
�
comparable emissions. Total emissions �
-0 750,000
include all emission sources for each o
�
inventory year. This includes the new o
�
sources added by Lotus to the 2022 ° s5o,000
inventory. Comparable emissions only °
look at sources that are directly �
comparable between all inventories. This � 550,000
does not include the new sources added 2o�a 2022 2025
Year
In 2022.
■Total Emissions Comparable Emissions
Looking pt totpl emissions, Dubuque's Figure 13.Total and comparable emissions in 2018,2022,and
emissions decreased nine percent 2025.
between 2022 and 2025. Excluding the
new sources (only looking at comparable sources), Dubuque's emissions decreased nine
percent between the two years. See Figure 13. Total and comparable emissions in 2018, 2022, and
2025.In other words,despite the addition of several new sources, Dubuque's total emissions still
decreased.
Only looking at comparable emission sources between 2022 and 2025, all emission sources
decreased except for C&I natural gas usage, on-road diesel, and landfill emissions. Between
Page 31 of 1594
Page I 9
2018 and 2025,all emission sources decreased except for on-road gasoline and on-road diesel.
VMTs continue to increase, but on-road gasoline emissions do not follow the same trend as
on-road diesel emissions.This could potentially indicate a larger transition of gasoline vehicles
to electric vehicles, likely due to the availability of federal tax credits and a wider variety of
vehicles available for purchase. Diesel vehicles, which oftentimes consist of large trucks or
buses, are being electrified at a slower rate than passenger vehicles, leading to a continued,
steady increase in emissions. See Figure 14. Comparable emission sources in 2018,2022,and 2025.
zso,000
� zoo,000
d
0
>
�
v
m
w
D 150,000
0
V 7
O
�
O
� IOO,OOO
0
c
0
U
� 5�,��a �
Residential Residential Natural Commercial and Commercial and On-Road Gasoline On-Road Diesel Landfill
Electricity Gas Industrial Elec[ricity Industrial Natural
Gas
Emission source
■2018 2022 ■2025
Figure 14.Comparable emission sources in 2018,2022,and 2025.
Dubuque's total emissions have decreased by 39% between the baseline year of 2003 and the
Increase �Decrease�io[al
1,200,000
I,100,000 ■
m . �
o ■? I,000,000
�
� . ■
� 39%decrease
a in emissions
n 900,00o since 2003
0
0
` � i
� aoo,000 ,
E
700,000 ■ .
600,000
Figure 15.Year-over-year total emissions (increases and decreases).
Page 32 of 1594
Page I 10
most recent inventory year of 2025. Excluding the new emission sources, Dubuque's
comparable emissions decreased by 43% between 2003 and 2025. See Figure 15.Year-over-year
total emissions (increases and decreases).Figure 15 and Figure 16 Dubuque is currently on track to
meet the goal of 50%emissions reductions from 2003 levels by 2030.
1,150,000
c
d
a 1,000,000
3
6
N
N
U
x
O
'a 850,000
c
0
4
° 680,236
0
0 700,000
U
� 638,994
E
550,000
2003 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2022 2025
Year
�Total Emissions tComparable Emissions
Figure 16. Emission trends from 2003 to 2025.
SCIENCE-BASED TARGET
As a part of the scope of work in 2022, Lotus developed a
Science-Based Target for the City to consider adopting.
Lotus used the One Planet City Challenge's (OPCC)2 � ' ' �
approach to calculate a science-based emissions : • - • • • -
reduction target for Dubuque. This approach uses several
values to calculate the target, including the US Human •
Development Index Score (HDI), population growth � •
projections, and the community's total scope 1 and 2
emissions and population during the baseline year. _� � � � ; _ _ �
Dubuque's baseline year is 2018. Using the methodology � �
from OPCC, Lotus calculated Dubuque's science-based
target to be a 62% emissions reduction from 2018 levels by
2030. Dubuque's 2018 emissions totaled 819,408 mt COZe; a 62% reduction in emissions would
mean 2030 emissions equaling approximately 311,000 mt CO2e.
2 See: https:�/wwf.panda.or�projects/one planet cities/one planet city challen�e/.
Page 33 of 1594
Page I 11
CONCLUSION
Monitoring greenhouse gas emissions is a vital step in working towards a more sustainable
community. Dubuque will need to continue tracking emissions over time in order to identify
trends and learn the impacts of emission reduction work enacted by the City.This sustainability
work will help Dubuque become more resilient to the changing climate and will serve as an
example for other communities to begin similar work.
Page 34 of 1594
Page I 12
APPENDIX: DETAILED EMISSIONS OVER TIME
Table 3.2003,2018,2022,and 2025 emissions comparison.
� � . � � .
• • - • - • - • - • -
Residential Fuel Use 295,023 202,896 172,693 148,124
Residential Electricity 184,805 88,832 72,640 56,926
Residential Natural Gas 110,218 114,064 93,455 84,509
Residential Propane N/A N/A 447 354
Residential Fugitive
N/A N/A 3,461 3,112
Emissions
Residential T&D Losses N/A N/A 2,690 3,222
Commercial and
Industrial Electricity Fuel 575,374 385,074 316,018 296,821
Use
Commercial and
450,118 219,369 160,596 137,425
Industrial Electricity
Commercial and
125,256 165,704 141,689 144,465
Industrial Natural Gas
Commercial and
N�A N�A 2,539 1,834
Industrial Propane
Commercial and
N�A N�A 0 0
Industrial Stationary Diesel
Commercial and
Industrial Fugitive N/A N/A 5,247 5,319
Emissions
Commercial and
N/A N/A 5,946 7,778
Industrial T&D Losses
Transportation 169,881 167,132 224,956 203,541
On-Road Gasoline 134,980 168,137 168,137 142,659
On-Road Diesel 34,901 36,523 50,456 54,652
On-Road Electricity N/A N/A 367 410
On-Road Electricity T&D N/A N/A 14 23
Losses
Transit N/A N/A 932 894
Page 35 of 1594
I 13
Railways N/A N/A 3,846 2,928
Aviation N/A N/A 932 1,622
Waterborne N/A N/A 273 351
Waste 82,319 64,305 18,101 20,414
Landfilled 82,319 64,305 16,297 18,357
Compost N/A N/A 96 133
Wastewater N/A N/A 1,708 1,924
Industrial Processes and
Product Use N/A N/A 12,344 11,336
Refrigerant Leaks N/A N/A 12,344 11,336
All Emissions Total 1,122,597 819,408 744,112 680,236
Comparable Emissions
1,122,597 819,408 703,270 638,994
Total
Page 36 of 1594
. , „iiIII111N
Cit of Du bu ue s
y q
2025 G reen house
� � 1
Gas E m � ssions � � �
��� t
+.,�,"��_��` � - �_ -
� ���
�:
� �
:-�,��;;�� �
.� ; r. ,,
.�. . �..
Rachel Meier, Senior Associate
.�+ -'•,,x,;—=�
Emma Kaznowski, Research Associate r ,.�.-�- �' '`:�` -`' _
� : - ��� � ;:
"� � � � r: ; -a� �F� �.' :► ,.,�. '•,<,
< _ , .,,:' .��' _ � — •y
: :'�
1
C� L O T U S �► SUSTAINABLE 1
Engineering&Sustainability �DUBUQUE
¢�inble • li¢�nt,lr • rqiufnhl��
,..%
t-
THE CITY OF
D -- - -.-� :
UB E
Masterpiece on the Mississippi �' F
-..- . ..
G HGs a nd CI i mate Cha nge
■ Greenhouse qases (GHGs) create a
buffer in Earth's atmosphere.
■ More GHGs in the atmosphere =
more trapped heat in the
atmosphere.
■ This can lead to increased
temperatures, extreme precipitation,
flashing flooding, worse air pollution,
etc.
■ Decreasing emissions can help
mitigate these environmental
changes.
. .
- - � -
.. � �
• . -
�1 � � - " +
,
� ,
� ; In-boundary ,
ur , waste 8 b ary e �`�
fores 8 olhcr « '
Y wastewater 8 wastewater ''�I� �
land use i1,,
111�.�
��� � . .
� _.,► �ss�
�• � III � 1 - - - - - -- - - --
� - ------� - �
Statanary fuel , . �:
combuslbn ,' " �
,� Grid•supplied �
,' e��9Y Transmissior �
.� d�str�bution
_ �
"1 �1
� T� ��� �
� �,�, -"�
- ���
Industrial � � � i '•�._ ,,,� nda
processes 8� � ; houndary -' ry
product use transportation
�� �ransportation
Em ission Sou rces for
2025
Dubuque has been tracking greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions since 2003. Inventories from 2003 to
2018 were completed by volunteers and students at the University of Northern lowa. Lotus completed
Dubuque's 2022 inventory as well as the 2025 inventory with the same emission sources.
2025 Sou rces
■ Residential electricity ■ Diesel on-road vehicles orma ion-
olar Renewable
■ Residential natural gas ■ On-road electricity nergy Cred� (RECs)
■ Residential propane ■ On-Road T&D losses
■ Residential fugitive emissions ■ Transit
■ Residential transmission and distribution ■ Railways
(T&D) losses ■ Aviation
■ Commercial and industrial electricity (C&I) . Waterborne activity
■ C&I natural gas ■ Landfill gas
■ C&I propane ■ Composted waste
■ C&I T&D losses ■ Wastewater
■ Gasoline on-road vehicles ■ Refrigerant leakage
Methodology Comparisons : 2022 and 2025
■ The IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) was used for CH4, N20 and R-134a Global Warming Potentials (GWP). In the most recent
AR6 update, CH4 was split into CH4-Fossil (27.9 GWP) and CH4-Fugitive (29.8 GWP).
■ Google EIE is undergoing a methodology update, and 2025 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data will not be available. Lotus used 2025 VMT
data from the lowa Department of Transportation (DOT) instead.
■ Lotus separated plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) VMT into gasoline VMT and electric VMT per percentage split provided by the
Alternative Fuels Data Center. The electric VMT was the only portion subtracted from Dubuque's daily VMT to increase accuracy of VMT
attributed to fossil fuels.
The 2025 inventory is the first inventory to include renewable energy. Per GPC guidance, this is included as information-only and is not
subtracted from Dubuque's overall emissions.
■ Alliant Energy provided Lotus with a T&D loss rate for the 2025 inventory. Previous inventory T&D loss rates were calculated using
averages from the US EIA State Electricity Profile for lowa.
■ Lotus included Class A and Class B Motor Homes in on-road emissions based on definitions from lowa's Motor Vehicles and Law of the
Road §321 .124. Previous inventories had excluded Class A, B, and C Motor Homes. Class C Motor Homes were still excluded from the
2025 inventory.
�,,,���,�„ �
Dus f F
Emissions by Scope :
2025
. .
. _
__
Scope 1
69%
-
� � �
2025
,, �,,, , � . 680,236 mt CO2e
DUB E
.. „ .�+.,. . ::i.i��
Emissions by Sector :
2025
Commercial and
Industrial Buildings
44°�
2025
,, �,,, , � . 680,236 mt CO2e
DUB E
.. „ .�+.,. . ::i.i��
Emissions by Sector :
2018 and 2025
Commercial
and Industrial
Buildings
47%
3a Commercial and
Industrial Buildings
- - 43%
- • - •
• - . •
• - • -
20%
2018 ° 2025
n emissio
'�Du�B E 819,408 mt CO2e ween 2 680,236 mt CO2e
nd 2
��.,..,���;�,�. ...� .�L..�.;,,q,�
Emissions by Sector :
2022 and 2025
Commercial and
Industrial Buildings
43%
Commercial and
3 Industrial Buildings
. - .
43%
• •
•
• - • - Transportation
30%
2022 ° 2025
n emissio
'�DuB E 744, 112 mt CO2e ween 2 680,236 mt CO2e
nd 2
��.,..,���;�,�. ...� .�L..�.;,,q,�
Emissions by
Source : 2025
Notable Data Points:
■ The largest emission sources • •
, .
are natural gas (34%),
On-Road Transportatlon
electricity (29%), and on-road 28"
,
fossil fuels (29%). . , . _
• - .
■ Solid waste makes up 3% of FugitiveEmissions
,x . .
total emissions.
Natural Gas
.
34% � ,�,..
■ All other emission sources � � �
make up 5% of total •
„ �.
emissions.
, ��„ , � -
DuB E
V��.frrp�rrron tht.'ttn<�.<qr�r�
- ' ti
�
� � . �
• •
Dubuque, IA 2025 58,987 680,236 11 .53
Bozeman, MT 2024 56, 114 705,542 12.57
Appleton, WI 2022 74,439 806,790 10.84
Eagan, MN 2022 67,526 919,762 13.62
M i n neton ka, M N 2022 53,529 700,857 13.09
La kevi I le, M N 2022 74,551 520,850 6.99
Eden Prairie, MN 2022 63,623 762,715 11 .99
. -. .- . .. . -. . . � . . . .. . -.
� : �
Emissions Over Time : Comparable Sources
Notable Trends ""
■ Between 2018 and 2025, all �� „�
sources decreased except for on- :
road gasoline and diesel vehicle .
emissions. �
• � ���
:
■ Between 2022 and 2025, all .
sources decreased except for C&I �
natural gas, on-road diesel, and �� ���
.
landfill emissions. -
■ Between 2022 and 2025, Alliant's � ���
emission factor decreased 15%
due to continued expansion of
their renewable energy portfolio.
This contributed to the decrease in '" ' '" ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '"' ' ' " ' '"' ' ' ' '
. . . - . . . .
Dubuque's electricity-related .
emissions. . . -
� : � �
�,,,��„�„
Dus f F
• • - - • • • -
Increase Decrease ■Total
�,200,000 39% decrease
in emissions
since 2003
i,ioo,000 ■
� . �
6 ■�� �,���,���
6
� ■ �
�
�6
O
�
p 9��,0��
4
a
U
O
N
C
O
U $��,���
�
�
■
7��,0��
600,000
e�\�el .'Loo� ,2oag .2�,� .2�,, 'L��� �,��� 2�,� .'L�,� .2��6 .2��� .2�,$ Z�`�'� �yo`�-�' �er�l
`L�°���ps 2oO� �oO� 2OOg 20,0 �0,, �0,2 20,3 2O,d �0,� �0,6 20,� 2O,$ �022 �°2�`GJt
. i � Years
Science- Based Target
_ Dubuque's science-based
�. , emissions reduction target is
�' �� '�.� ' '° � 62.4% by 2030.
� � `` ' '" � �"`? ■ Lotus used the One Planet Cit Challen e's
Y 9
� ..` '' ;...,-'. ' ' ' ,►�%~ "� '
, � _ ,�f; ` (OPCC) approach to calculate Dubuque s
� .�: -_-
`� science-based target.
� . .
.
. _ . -.
, : � . ; .
.
. l , �=�- - ■ This approach uses the following data points:
. :
. , . .
"� '�4-�. - - ■ US Human Development Index Score (HDI)
r �
� � �:�l. �-�,��� •►
�� ' ' ' l�� � ■ Population projections for Dubuque
,
� � YL �;. � ��
� �. `.� ► �_ j
� ' � , , � \' i i
��-+� �"� ` '�� �� -,� �� ■ Baseline year (2018) scope 1 and 2
�.� �` .�T� �V 1 /t•.,'r1 _ .� �'`����,�� ��'-., I , I
i �=>t a`�• �' �- .�� ' � � -.�,�..� ,� emissions totals
_ ., 7 � e:; � �` " ti
' - �,� �� -_ . � ` � � ' ■ Baseline year (2018) community population
.i'�i ' - " . `''" %' ' ,
4. �• r ' �+� �
� '` �7-�' f-►�.� �w ;�: T �: �-� ,�y ■ Why a Science-Based Target?
�'��., ., .- i ,►; �' ;������'
. .. : . ;_. .
�'1�, �` � " �`. '-- ■ Helps avoid the worst emissions scenario
�� . . .
l��',__ ,�^.'y�e.��,_ ' ._
' ' a, , � . � �* '-,�s
y•
. �' ,
�`�`��` '� •.:� ■ Ensures the Cit does its art in miti atin
�r, . � Y p 9 9
' climate change impacts
�,,,��„�„
Dus f F
�
� � � � � � � � /
5-Year 2018 2022 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Summary
Absolute
Emissions Target 819,408 734,531 667,590 �308,000 �231 ,000 �154,000 �77,000 0
(mt CO2e)
Emissions
Reduction Target N/A -10% -20% -62% -72% -81 % -91 % -100%
o�a
' - • • . - • . - • • . 1 : • . - . � • . • . •
• • - . • •
� : �
■
� � � � � � � � /
Sector-based % 2022 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Reduction
Stationary Energy -18% -26% -65% -73% -82% -91 % -100%
Transportation 34% 21% -49% -62% -75% -87% -100%
Waste and _72% -68% -86% -89% -92% -95% -100%
Wastewater
IPPU N/A N/A -51 % -60% -71 % -83% -100%
(Refrigerants)
� _ - - - • • - - . - • : ' � • - - - 1 1
� : .
� � � . � � �
soo,000
744,112
2022 to 2030:12%decrease
�oo,000 657,424 2022 to 2050:38%decrease
�
soo,000 1
o .
457,648
� 500,000 �
N
C
O
� 400,000
.�
w
�
x
c� 300,000
200,000
100,000
0
2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050
�Electricity Emissions Transmission and Distribution Losses �Natural Gas Emissions
Natural Gas Fugitive Emissions �Propane Emissions Stationary Diesel Emissions
�Total On-Road Gasoline,Diesel,and Ethanol Emissions Electric Vehicle Emissions Electric Vehicle Emissions(T&D)
Waterborne Emissions Transit Biodiesel Emissions Transit Diesel Emissions
Transit Ethanol Emissions �Transit Gasohol Emissions Railway Emissions
Local Aviation Emissions �Itinerant Aviation Emissions �Landfilled Waste Emissions
Compost Emissions Wastewater Emissions �Commercial Refrigerant Loss Emissions
RPsidPntial RPfriqPrant loss Fmissions —Total Fmissions
. i �
.
What is Dubuque Doing ?
■ Current Projects:
_
• Energy Savers Program ,��/�.:�'�-- ^— /
,�.
• Provided high efficiency furnaces and/or :�� "' �
�
water heaters to low-income residents who i'j►�"��" �
had appliances that were 10+ years old/in , _
disrepair. � - - ` ����
• Youth Climate Action Fund '���� �- _ ` -�=�'�_�=
� I�' �" -=y_ --
. _ � t . - - _
Awarded 19 microgrants to Dubuque youth " _
(15-25 yrs) and Youth Serving CBOs to '' " � _ '"
,,.�
- ���. � .; -
partake in climate action-$85,000! - _ �-- G
_ "%��-��'.-��' _ __ i
• Direct Pay Provision � �- � � �_ ,� �' -- ,�� -
,����' � ,� -�,;_ �� .�� ,��,;. _-- ,� _ -
• $427,000 for the City from the airport solar c��y .,.4�'�+ �",,.:� �, :�-��, , ,�--�
array and EV chargers. �.� "- = i''�����,� � -�- , � „ -�,,;, � -
�� _- �
. � - �� -� � � � � � 'r-� � '� - �
Branching Out Dubuque Initiative: �—�--- .�--- r � � ._ _--� � �' ��� +
. �
Tree planting around Dubuque with a goal
of 5,280 trees! , y � . . _
. _b. ��
�,,,��„�„
Dus f E
�,!.� „��,., , , �.r., ;.,
'.•- , � ..
Loo ki n g Fo rwa rd
- � � - �.-----� -�
�. -- - �:- - - - - - r -
.h' • '�. }� -,.,,. 'n: -��� -�-af.., •1.-
'�: �, ,, �;a .. _ . - _ � -,►�:i_ �`� l� • . � � ^� _
'�. ..y "Y ' _ . ' ^i1 '� �. � . '
•�w• ��+n4�' .._�►
■ Future Projects: � � � �
• 2 municipal solar energy projects r
• Currently working on feasibility study � ����� -� �\'_-
• Climate Action Plan update ��� ��., - � ; � �
• Internal update of Dubuque's 50% reduction goal by 2030 to - �� � ' '
-.
r h wi r i n
� �
eac a de aud e ce.
' �� ..
• Energy Savers Program second round ., -_`���
- �.
■ Think long-term �
• Invest in climate-friendly infrastructure and public transit.
• Incremental efforts.
• Outreach & education. - -
• Sustainable funding sources.
■ Long-term benefits _
• Social cost of carbon � � t.�'�'� -.
_ ,,.,�,�,,: �
• Natural disaster mitigation :�•_ ,' -� �
• Cost savings . . , ' 1�'� :,�j��„ �:�:,:
, �
��}' �� � . � ,�• .��;,:. ;� �,
• Resilience � : ,� �� '{ �, �. •
. i�. �•�� !��;: �,��; �,,,�i,�. � � ..i . � �• � .
'4+ � �� w*4�!` . 4�C � •v .�� . .
nnun„i �� • � •, 1•
Dus E .� . ; .., �, , � �
�,� �� � " . fl`3tT'A I N A,B L E
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