The URL can be used to link to this page

1 21 14 Work Session_Architectural Guidlines Slide PresentationCity of Dubuque Design Guidelines Update Merging Sustainability, Accessibility, Historic Districts and Downtown Overlay City Council Work Session January 21, 2014 Current Design Guidelines Historic District Guidelines i.A Downtown Design Guidelines City of Dubuque has Design Guidelines for: Historic Districts • Downtown Overlay What are the Bene � Guide ' es • Enhances street activity • Protects investment • Assures common vision while providing flexibility • Fits with community livability goals • Respects traditional character while accommodating change • Provide direction when planning projects City of Dubuque Architectural Design Guidelines Public Review January 21, 2014 Project Steps Step 1: Set the Stage Meet with Steering Committee Develop an outline with Technical Committee Step 2: Develop Draft #1 Develop updated text and illustrations Work with Technical Committee • Meet with HPC to review Draft #1 Step 3: Develop Draft #2 Poston website & Host public open house • Review Draft #2 with HPC and Technical Committee Step 4. Develop Final Document Review with HPC and City Council Finding the Right Balance � Sufficient Detail Simplicity of Use Serving Many Users Planning Staff Contractors Other City Departments Main Street Architects Commissions Property Owners Others? Wayfinding Helpers Links to Other Materials Checklists Graphics Cross- referencing Hierarchical Organization One Manual: Three Documents 1. Architectural Design Guidelines 2. Architectural Styles Booklet 3. Glossary of Architectural Terms Architectural Design Guidelines TOC Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Overview Where the design guidelines apply Design Guidelines Format Planning A Preservation Project Determine Historic Significar ice Assess Integrity Accepted Treatments for Historic Resources Developing an Improvement Strategy Phasing a Preservation Project CHAPTER 1 REHABILITATION GUIDELINES FOR HISTORIC General Rehabilitation Architectural Details and Features Historic Building Materials Individual Building Components Roofs Chimneys Cornice and Parapets Windows - General Windows- Accessories Doors - General Doors - Accessories Foundations Accessibility Adaptive Re -Use Balcony Additions Handrail Additions Historic Additions Historic Secondary Structures Emergency Egress Rehabilitation of Historic Commercial Properties Preservation of Commercial Storefronts Additions to Commercial Properties Rehabilitation of Historic Residential Properties Porches Additions to Residential Properties Rehabilitation of Historic Warehouse Properties Preservation of Warehouse Facades Additions to Warehouse Properties 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 9 11 PROPERTIES 13 14 14 18 25 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 49 53 55 55 59 63 63 66 CHAPTER 2 GUIDELINES FOR SITE AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN Setting Streetscape Alleys Sidewalks, Walkways, and Curbs Site Features Topography Fences, Walls and Gates Driveways, Parking, Paving Residential Site Lighting Site Amenities Yards and Park Features Plant Materials Surface Parking Buffers CHAPTER 3 GUIDELINES FOR NEW BUILDINGS Designing In Context Building Mass and Scale Building Design General Guidelines for New Buildings Architectural Character Materials General Guidelines for New Commercial Building Types Building Setbacks Building Massing Building and Roof Form Horizontal Alignment Solid -to -void New Storefront Character Guidelines for New Residential Building Types Residential Context and Features Building Setbacks Primary Entrance Mass and Scale Building and Roof Form Solid -to -Void Building Materials Secondary Structures 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 88 88 89 89 90 92 92 93 96 97 98 99 101 101 102 103 104 107 108 109 111 Architectural Design Guidelines TOC New Industrial Warehouse Building Types Building Setbacks Mass and Scale Building and Roof Form Horizontal Alignment Solid -to -void New Facade Character CHAPTER 4 DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ALL PROPERTIES Various Guidelines that Appy to all Projects Awnings and Canopies Building Lighting Parking Facilities Public Art Rooftop Uses Service Areas Utilities Signs Historic Signs Sign Character Sign Materials Sign Installation Sign Color Sign Lighting Sign Content Canopy and Awnings Sign Directory Sign Interpretive Sign Projecting or Hanging Sign Symbol Signs Wall Sign Window Sign Wayfinding Sign 112 112 113 115 116 117 118 121 122 122 124 125 127 128 129 130 131 132 132 133 133 133 134 135 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 141 CHAPTER 5 DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABILITY General Sustainability Guidelines for all Projects Landscape Improvements for Sustainability Environmental Impacts to Neighbors Paving Materials for Sustainability Historic Preservation and Sustainability Cultural /Social Component of Sustainability Environmental Component of Sustainability Economic Component of Sustainability Sustainability of a Historic Building Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings Historic Residential Building Energy Efficiency Strategy Historic Commercial Storefront Building Energy Efficiency Strategy Energy Performance in Historic Buildings Energy Generating Technologies Integrating Energy Generating Technologies on Historic Solar Collectors Wind Power Green Roofs Locating a New Addition for Environmental Benefits Massing of an Addition Deconstruction and Building Material Re -use 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 148 150 150 153 154 155 156 Buildings 156 157 159 160 160 161 161 New Construction and Sustainability Sustainable Building Design Sustainable Building Elements Overall Strategy for Sustainable New Construction New Commercial Construction Building Energy Efficiency Diagram New Residential Construction Building Energy Efficiency Diagram 162 162 163 164 165 166 APPENDIX 167 Benefits of Historic Preservation 167 Key Historic Preservation, Urban Design and Sustainability Principles 169 Key Design Principles 169 Basic Principles for Sustainability for Historic Properties 171 The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Buildings 172 Preservation Briefs 174 Financival Incentive Toolbox 176 Introduction TOC In this Chapter: Overview Where the design guidelines apply Desicn Guidelines Format Planning A Preservation Project Determine Historic Significance Assess Integrity Accepted Treatments for Historic Resources Developing an Improvement Strategy Phasing a Preservation Project 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 9 11 Wayfinding helpers at the beginning of each chapter. Windows Original windows help convey the significance of historic structures, and should be preserved. They can be repaired by re- glazing and patching and splicing elements such as muntins, the frame, sill and casing. Repair and weatherization also is more energy efficient, and less expensive than replacement. If an original window cannot be repaired, new replacement windows should be in character with the historic build- ing. #. Maintain and repair historic windows. • Preserve historic window features including the frame, sash, muntins, mullions, glazing, sills, heads, jambs, moldings, operation and groupings of windows. • Repair and maintain windows regularly, including trim, glazing putty and glass panes. • Repair, rather than replace, frames and sashes, when possible. • Restore altered window openings to their original configuration, when possible. —Ps Introduction Design Guideline Format DESIGN GUIDELINES FORMAT The guidelines are presented in a standardized format as illustrated below. Each of the components is used by the city in determin- ing appropriateness. Additional features that appear on a typical page of the guidelines are summarized at right. Design Topic Heading Policy Statement: This explains the de- sired for the specific design element and provides a basis for the design guide- lines that follow. If a guideline does not specifically address a particular design issue, then the city will use the intent statement to determine appropriateness. Design Guideline: This describes a desired outcome related to the policy statement. Additional Information: This provides a bullet list of examples of how, or how not to comply with the guideline. Illustration(s): These provide photos and/or diagrams to illustrate related conditions or possible approaches. They may illustrate appropriate or inappropri- ate solutions as described below. Sidebars These provide additional information that will be helpful in understand- ing the guideline. In some cases a sidebar includes links that direct the user to additional material; this may be technical information about a re- habilitation procedure or other helpful information. MIS Appropriate and Inappropriate Solutions In many cases, images and diagrams in the guidelines are marked to indicate whether they represent appropriate or inappropriate solutions O A D A check mark in a green circle indicates appropriate solutions. A question mark in a yellow circle indicates an alternative solution may be appropriate. An X mark in a red circle indicates solutions that are not appropriate. • The tone is solution oriented. • It helps owners find answers to questions Appropriate and Inappropriate Solutions In many cases, images and diagrams in the guidelines are marked to indicate whether they represent appropriate or inappropriate solutions 0 e 0 A check mark in a green circle indicates appropriate solutions. A question mark in a yellow circle indicates an alternative solution may be appropriate. An X mark in a red circle indicates solutions that are not appropriate. Introduction Planning a Preservation Project Steps to Consider for a Successful Preservation Project A successful preservation project shall consider the significance of the historic resource. its key features. and the project's program requirements. When altering a historic building.. it is also important to consider preservation and repair prior to contemplating any replacement. The tables and diagrams below and on the following pages provide overall guidance for planning a preservation project. Follow the steps below when planning a preservation project. Step 1. Review reasons for significance: The reasons for significance will influence the degree of rigor with which the guidelines are applied. because it affects which features will be determined to be key to preserve. Identifying the building's period of significance is an important first step. Step 2. Identify key features: A historic property has integrity. It has a sufficient percent- age of key character - defining features and characteristics from its period of significance which remain intact. Step 3. Identify program requirements for the desired project: The functional re- quirements for the property drive the work to be considered. If the existing use will be maintained, then preservation will be the focus. If changes in use are planned. then some degree of compatible alterations may be needed. Step 4. Implement a treatment strategy: An appropriate treatment strategy will emerge once historic significance, integrity and program requirements have been determined. A preservation project may include a range of activities. such as maintenance of existing historic elements. repair of deteriorated materials, the replacement of missing features and construction of a new addition. 0 1130 0 0 cl Introduction DeveIopingmprovement � Strategy DEVELOPING AN IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY Theguidelines discuss a range of improvement options, including reconstruction and replacement of features in various ways. When applied to a building that is already altered, which would be the best approach? This diagram outlines the approaches to consider in making that decision. Approach 1: Accurate Reconstruction T r u uCYQ➢'O=raifuuu r When should I use this treatment? • The building is highly significant. • There is good historical information about the design. • The needed materials and craftsmen are available. • The context has many intact historic buildings. Altered Historic Commercial Facade Starting Condition Approach 2: Simplified Historic Interpretation ? �— 77--1n t 11_ - When should I use this treatment? • The building is part of the fabric of the district. • There is less historical information available about the original design. • A phased project is planned. Missing Cornice Original Window Altered Storefront Approach 3: Contemporary Interpretation 7 When should I use this treatment? • There is substantial alteration, mak- ing other options difficult. • There is less historic information about the original design. • The context has more variety. Identify Alternative Preservation Strategies Introduction Which Areas are the most Sensitive? Which Areas are the Most Sensitive to Preserve? For most historic resources. the front wall is the most important to preserve intact. Alterations are rarely appropriate. Many side walls are also important to preserve where they are highly visible from the street. By contrast. portions of a side wall not as visible may be less sensitive to change. The rear wall is usually the least important (excepting free - standing, individual landmarks or certain civic and industrial buildings), and alterations can occur more easily without causing negative effects to the historic signifi- cance of the property. Location A. Primary Facade: Preservation and repair of features in place is the priority. This is especially important at the street level and in lo- cations where the feature is highly visible. e e 0 Location B. A Second- ary Wall, Which Is High- ly Visible: A compatible replacement or alteration is acceptable. Some flex- ibility in treatment may be considered. Location C. A Second- ary Wall, Which Is Not Highly Visible: Preser- vation is still preferred: however, a compatible replacement or altera- tion may be acceptable when it is not visible to the public. More flexibil- ity in treatment may be considered. Location D. A Rear Wall That Is Not Highly Visible: A compatible replacement or alteration may be accept- able when it is not visible to the public. A higher level of flexibility in treatment may be considered. Identify the Importance of a Facade Mackinac Island MI Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties TOC In this Chapter: General Rehabilitation Architectural Details and Features Historic Building Materials Individual Building Components Roofs Chimneys Cornice and Parapets Windows - General Windows- Accessories Doors - General Doors - Accessories Foundations 14 14 18 25 Accessibility 42 Adaptive Re -Use 43 Balcony Additions 44 Handrail Additions 45 Historic Additions 46 Historic Secondary Structures 47 Emergency Egress 48 Rehabilitation of Historic Commercial Properties 49 Preservation of Commercial Storefronts 49 Additions to Commercial Properties 53 Rehabilitation of Historic Residential Properties 55 Porches 55 Additions to Residential Properties 59 Rehabilitation of Historic Warehouse Properties 63 Preservation of Warehouse Facades 63 Additions to Warehouse Properties 66 Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Details & Features General Rehabilitation ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS AND FEATURES Architectural details and features are often closely associated with specific building styles. Reference the Architectural Styles Booklet when determining key features of a historic property. Preserve Policy: Architectural details and features help establish the significance of historic structures, and should be preserved. The method of preservation that requires the least intervention is preferred. Preserve significant architectural details and features. Guidelines: 1.1 Preserve significant architectural details and features. • Retain and treat exterior architectural details and features, and other examples of skilled craftsmanship with sensitivity. • Do not remove or alter architectural details that are in good condition or that can be repaired. 1.2 Avoid adding elements or details that were not part of the original building. • For example, decorative millwork should not be added to a building if it was not an original feature. Doing so would convey a false history. Historic Architectural features Historic architectural details and features to consider include: • Cornices and eaves • Moldings and brackets • Storefronts • Porches • Loading docks • Historic awnings • Columns • Balustrades • Modillions and other surface ornamentation • Windows, doors and surrounds • Copper and slate roof materials Maintaining Historic Architectural Details and Features • Protect architectural details and features from moisture accumulation that may cause damage. • Check features that can hold moisture for long periods of time to make sure they are draining appropriately. • Employ preventive maintenance measures such as rust removal, caulking and repainting. Highlight "policy. statement." Policy: Original building materials are key features of historic buildings and should be preserved in place whenever feasible. If the material is damaged, limited replacement to match the original should be considered. Preserving original building materials and limiting replacement to only pieces which are deteriorated beyond repair reduces the demand for, and environmental impacts for the production of new materials. Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Historic Materials HISTORIC BUILDING MATERIALS Harsh cleaning methods such as sandblasting can damage the historic materials and change their appearance. Perform a test patch to determine that the cleaning method will cause no damage to the material surface. Many procedures can actually have an unanticipated negative effect upon building materials and result in accelerated deterioration or a loss of character. Guidelines: 1.8 Preserve original building materials. • Do not remove original materials that are in good condition. • Repair deteriorated primary building materials by patching, piecing -in, consolidating or otherwise reinforcing the material. 1.9 Protect wood features from deterioration. • Provide proper drainage and ventilation to minimize rot. • Maintain protective coatings to retard drying and ultraviolet damage. If the building was painted originally, it should remain painted. 1.10 Use the gentlest means possible to clean the surface of a structure before repairs or improvements are made. • Perform a test patch to determine that the cleaning method will cause no damage to the material surface. Many procedures can actually have an unanticipated negative effect upon building materials and result in accelerated deterioration or a loss of character. • Harsh cleaning methods, such as sandblasting, can damage the historic materials, changing their appearance. Such procedures are inappropriate. • If cleaning is appropriate, a low pressure water wash is preferred. Chemical cleaning may be considered if a test patch is first reviewed and negative effects are not found. Building Materials Details Wood Siding Shiplap Rabbeted Beveled Clapboard Tongue and Groove Chisel Masonry Joints d// Beaded Concave Stripped V- shaped Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Weathered Struck Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Alternative Materials Using Alternative Materials on a Historic Structure The design guidelines sometimes refer to the use of alternative materials when describing the appropriate treatment of historic build- ing features and components such as moldings, windows, siding and other architectural details. An alternative material is one which is different from that used originally for a specific application. Such materials may also be called "substitute ", "replacement ", "synthetic" or "imitation" materials, and can include: • • • • • • • • • Vinyl siding or fencing PVC decking or fencing Aluminum siding HardiePlank siding Cementious fiber siding Spray -on coatings Synthetic stucco Panelized brick Other non - original materials Substitute materials may also include materials used to replace historic architectural features such as a resin -cast cornice used in place of a stamped metal cornice. In other cases, an alterna- tive material may be traditional when used for other applications, but new for the particular detail being considered. Using wood to replace an original stamped -metal cornice is an example. Alternative materials may be considered by the city on a case - by -case basis as replacement materials or for use on a new ad- dition or new building in a historic district. The city will consider factors including: Potential Impact on Historic Significance. Removing original ma- terial diminishes the integrity of a historic property by reducing the percentage of building fabric that remains from the period of historic significance. Retaining the original material is always preferred. If this is not feasible, alternative materials may be considered. When used, an alternative material should convey the character, including detail and finish, of the original to the greatest extent feasible. Appearance. An alternative material should have a simi- lar profile, texture and finish as the original material. Some synthetic siding has an exaggerated, rusticated finish that is an inaccurate representation of original clapboard, and many vinyl products have a sheen that is out of character with that of painted wood and metal. Durability. An alternative material should have proven durability in similar applications. While some new materials are very sturdy, others may degrade quickly and can be difficult to repair. Location. Up close, it is easier to identify some alternative materials due to differences in texture, finish and feel. Tapping on a hollow plastic column or fence does not convey the same experience as the original. For this reason, locations that are more remote are better. Similarly, use of alternative materials is more appropriate on non - primary facades. See "Locating Facade Improvements" on page 19 for more information. Cost. Some alternative materials are promoted because their initial costs appear to be less than repairing or replacing the original. When the other qualities of appearance and durability are proven, then the less expensive option may be appropriate. However, long -term, "life cycle" costs should also be weighed. Sometimes, the up -front saving is deceptive. Environmental Impacts. The potential environmental impacts of alternative materials should also be considered including im- pacts associated with manufacture, transport, installation and ability to recycle. Interaction with Historic Building Materials. Some alterna- tive materials may interact negatively with historic materials. For example, some metals may corrode and stain original materials and some window and siding materials may expand and contract with temperature changes in ways that degrade weather - protection properties. Alternative materials may be considered for replacements on secondary elevations where key features are not affected. This cementious composite siding, which is located on a rear wall, is an example. Policy: A variety of window sizes, shapes and details exist among the historic resources of Dubuque. The character - defining features of a historic window and its distinct materials and placement should be preserved. In addition, a new window should be in character with the historic building. Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Windows Windows - General Also, repairing, weather - stripping and /or insulating (perimeter window cavity) a window is more energy efficient, and less expensive than replacement. Guidelines: 1.36 Preserve the functional and decorative features of a historic window. • Features important to the character of a window include its frame, sash, muntins, mullions, glazing, sills, heads, jambs, moldings, hoods, operation and groupings of windows. Repair frames and sashes rather than replacing them, whenever conditions permit. Keystone Hood, lintel Top rail Upper sash Parting rail Lower sash Bottom rail Sill Window and decorative features. An example of decorative glass. Historic Window Components include: • Sash • Frame • Number of lights (panes) • Shutters • Security Devices (bars and screens) • Insect screens • Storm windows • Hood /Lintel • Sill • Muntin • Sash I•'1'i Glazing Upp er Sash Muntin Low er Sash Sill Trim Double Hung Window. (Residential, Commercial. Warehouses) ✓ Frame �r I/ Sash Muntin �I Sash / / 0 Frame N "pi Glazing Muntin / Sash 1101° Y; Frame Molding Sill Trim Pivot Window. (Warehouses) The character - defining features of a historic window and its distinct materials and placement should be preserved. In addition, a new window should be in character with the historic building. P Frame Transom Window Frame Display Window Sill Trim Storefront Window. (Commercial) Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Windows 1.37 Preserve the position, number and arrangement of historic windows in a building wall. • Enclosing a historic window opening is inappropriate, as is adding a new window opening. This is especially important because the historic ratio of solid -to -void is a character - defining feature. • Greater flexibility in installing new windows may be considered on rear walls. 1.38 Preserve the size and proportion of a historic window opening. • Reducing an original opening to accommodate a smaller window or increasing it to receive a larger window is inappropriate. • Preserve a distinctive window opening shape, such as an arched top. 1.39 Preserve the historic ratio of window openings to solid wall on a primary facade. • Significantly increasing the amount of glass on a primary, character - defining wall will negatively affect the integrity of the structure. 1.40 Match a replacement window to the original in its design. • If the original is double -hung, then the replacement window should also be double -hung or appear to be so. Match the replacement also in the number and position of glass panes. • Matching the original design is particularly important on key character - defining facades. This includes decorative glass, such as leaded or stained glass. Preserve the position, number and arrangement of historic windows in a building wall. J.SCHUBERT • Inappropriate: altering the shape of historic window openings. Show real examples Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Windows Original Sash Profile 1.41 In a replacement window, use materials that appear similar to the original. • • Inappropriate replacement • For More Information See web link to Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows http: /iwww.nps.gov /tps /how- to -pre- serve /briefs /9- wooden - windows.htm See web Zink to window retrofit article from the National Trust for Historic Preservation web site: http:11www.preservationnation. orglwho-we-arelpress- centerlpress- releases12012/ new -windows- study. html #. UdshFXFsikl Web link to window treatments Na- tional Park Service Tech Notes. Scroll down page to window to find the links: http: / /www.nps.gov /tps /how- to -pre- serve /tech- notes.htm Using the same material as the original is preferred, especially on character - defining facades. However, a substitute material may be considered if the appearance of the window components will match those of the original in dimension, profile and finish. New glazing should convey the visual appearance of historic glazing. It should be clear. Metallic and reflective finishes are inappropriate. In some instances colored or tinted glass may be appropriate in commercial storefront transoms or residential windows. Vinyl and unfinished metals are inappropriate window materials. 1.42 Match, as closely as possible, the profile of the sash and its components to that of the original window. A historic wood window has a complex profile. Within the window's casing, the sash steps back to the plane of the glazing (glass) in several increments. These increments, which individually only measure in eighths or quarters of inches, are important details. They distinguish the actual window from the surrounding plane of the wall. Where true divided lights were used historically, using them in a replacement window is preferred; alternatives, such as snap -on muntins applied to the exterior may be considered on secondary elevations. Using strips of material inserted between double - glazing panes is discouraged. Policy: Many storefronts in Dubuque have components seen traditionally. The repetition of these standard elements creates a visual unity along the street that should be preserved. These features should not be altered, obscured or removed. The preservation of a historic storefront will help maintain the interest of the street to pedestrians by providing views to goods and activities inside first floor windows. Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Commercial REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES These design guidelines for rehabilitation of commercial properties supplement the preceding general guidelines for historic buildings. Both sections apply. PRESERVATION OF COMMERCIAL STOREFRONTS Guidelines: 1.75 Preserve these character - defining features of a commercial storefront building type: • Cornice molding: A decorative band at the top of the building. • Display windows: The main portion of glass on the storefront, where goods and services are displayed. • Transom: The upper portion of the display window, separated by a frame. • Kickplate: Found beneath the display window. Sometimes called a bulk -head panel. • Entry: Usually set back from the sidewalk in a protected recess. • Upper -story windows: Windows located above the street level often have a vertical orientation. • Note that a corner building may have storefront elements on two walls, all of which should be preserved. Traditional commercial building facade. Preserve the historic character of a storefront when it is intact. Some definitions are "embedded." �Lr. Lug LLL['L' u -u -a-U t' <- Parapet Cornice Pediment Upper story windows Typical commercial facade components Midbelt cornice Transom Display window Piers/ Pilasters Kickplate Recessed entry Policy: Two distinct types of additions to historic commercial buildings may be considered. First, a ground - level addition that involves expanding the footprint of a structure may be considered. Such an addition should be to the rear or side of a building. This will have the least impact on the character of a building, but there may only be limited opportunities to do this. Second, an addition to the roof may be designed that is simple in character and set back substantially from the front of a building. In addition, the materials, window sizes and alignment of trim elements on the addition should be compatible to those of the existing structure. Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Additions ADDITIONS TO COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES Guidelines: 1.80 An addition should be compatible in scale, materials and character with the main building. • An addition should relate to the building in mass, scale and form. It should be designed to remain subordinate to the main structure. • An addition with a pitched roof is inappropriate for a building with a flat roof. • An addition to the front of a building is inappropriate. 1.81 An addition should not damage or obscure architecturally important features. • For example, loss or alteration of a cornice line should be avoided. 1.82 An addition may be made to the roof of a building if it does the following: • An addition should be set back from the primary, character - defining facade, to maintain one's perception of the historic scale and character of the building. • Its design should be modest in character, so it will not detract attention from the historic facade. • The addition should be distinguishable as new, albeit in a subtle way. The historic structure illustrated above has a rooftop addition that is set back from the primary facade to be minimally visible from the public street and sidewalk. Commercial Building Type co New addition to the side New addition to the rear An original three -story building, Appropriate alternative approaches to additions before an addition. Compare with sketches to the right. For More Information: See web link to Preservation Brief 14: New Exterior Additions to Historic Buildings: Preservation Concerns http://www.nps.govltpslhow-to-pre- servelbriefs /14- exterior - additions. htm 113311 1 Addition to the side, set back from the front Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Residential Rehabilitation of Historic Residential Properties These design guidelines for rehabilitation of residential properties supplement the preceding general guidelines for historic buildings. Both sections apply. PORCHES Policy: Preserve a porch in its original condition and form. A porch is one of the most important character - defining elements of a facade. Porches help to provide visual interest to a building, and can influence its perceived scale, protect entrances and pedestrians from rain and provide shade in summer. Guidelines: 1.83 Maintain an original porch when feasible. • This is especially important in a key, character - defining location, such as the front of the building. • Maintain the existing location, shape, details and posts of the porch. • Missing or deteriorated decorative elements should be replaced to match existing elements; e.g., match the original proportions and spacing of balusters when replacing missing ones. • Avoid using a porch support that would be substantially smaller than other supports on the porch or than that seen historically. • Do not remove an original porch from a building. Historic Porch Components The most typical components of a historic residential porch are illustrated below. Pilaster Balustrade Decking Skirting Stringer Brackets Post/ Column Top Rail Bottom Rail Riser Tread Maintain an original porch. Alternative Porch and Stoop De- signs If it is not possible to match original components or replace a missing porch or stoop with one that appears similar in character, alternatives may be considered in the following loca- tions: • onanon- primaryfacade,accessory building or addition On a primary facade if no other option is available Alternative designs should: Match the general form and appearance of original components or a complete porch or stoop. Not use synthetic materials for columns, flooring or railings. Residential Building Type Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Residential 1 1 A Existing Condition: Italianate style house with an altered porch. Existing Condition: A folk or vernacular style house with the original porch removed. I IV Preferred Approach, when historic documentation is available: Italianate style house with a replacement porch designed similar to that seen historically. Preferred Approach, when historic documentation is available: A folk or vernacular style house with a replacement porch designed similar to that seen historically. Acceptable Approach, when historic documentation is not available: Italianate style house with a simplified interpretation of a traditional porch design. Acceptable Approach, when historic documentation is not available: A folk or vernacular style house with a simplified interpretation of a traditional porch design. Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Additions A. Locating and Designing an Addition to a Historic Residential Structure An addition to a historic residential structure should be subordinate to, and clearly differentiated from, the original historic structure as illustrated below. Original Structure The one - and -a -half story bungalow illustrated at right is historic. One -Story Addition The addition illustrated at right is ap- propriate because it is clearly differenti- ated from the original structure with a change in roof plane and is nearly invisible from the street. One- and -a -Half Story Addition The addition illustrated at right is ap- propriate because it is set back and clearly differentiated from the original structure with a connector. Inappropriate Two -Story Addition The addition illustrated at right is inappropriate because it substantially alters the primary facade of the historic structure li iIiiin t11111111I111 I IIIIIP1 41111111111111 �i s' esidential Building Type Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Industrial / Warehouse Rehabilitation of Historic Warehouse Properties PRESERVATION OF WAREHOUSE FACADES Policy: Many of Downtown Dubuque's buildings possess components traditionally seen on industrial buildings. The repetition of these standard elements creates a visual unity at the street that should be preserved. Guidelines: 1.97 For a warehouse building, a rehabilitation project should preserve these character - defining elements: Man -door: A small door for use by people entering the building. These can be similar in character to a storefront on a retail building. They often include a transom. Windows: Windows located at the street level. These often are larger and display a similar pattern to the upper story windows. Upper -story windows: Windows located above the street level. These usually have a vertical orientation. Cornice molding: A decorative band at the top of the building. Loading dock: A raised landing for handling goods; some project from the facade while others are inset behind the building plane. Loading bay doorway: A large opening at the landing dock. Typically these are rectangular, although sometimes arched. Rolling overhead or horizontal sliding doors were used in these openings. Singular and multiple openings were found on facades. Canopy: A metal structure usually sheltering the loading dock. Some were horizontal and others were sloped. They were supported on metal and heavy timber supports that were wall mounted. 1.98 Preserve the historic character of the building facade. • Preserve loading docks, loading bay openings, windows and door frames. • If the glass is intact, it should be preserved. Historic photographs of Dubuque's industrial buildings are widely available and should be used when determining the original character of a building facade. A rehabilitation project of a warehouse building should preserve character - riPfrninrr alaments such as a Irrariinrr Chapter 1 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Properties Additions Side addition is connected to the historic warehouse with a low scale connector. Addition to the side: original building to the left, addition to the right; linked by a connector New Rooftop Addition 1.107 An addition may be made to the roof of a building if it does the following: • An addition should be set back from the primary, character - defining facade, to preserve the perception of the historic scale of the building. • Its design should be modest in character so it will not attract attention from the historic facade. • The addition should be distinguishable as new, albeit in a subtle way. An addition should be set back from the primary, character - defining facade to preserve the perception of the historic scale of the building. Chapter 2 Guidelines for Site and Landscape Design In this Chapter: Setting Streetscape Alleys Sidewalks, Walkways, and Curbs Site Features Topography Fences, Walls and Gates Driveways, Parking, Paving - Residential Site Lighting Site Amenities Yards and Park Features Plant Materials Surface Parking Buffers 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Chapter 2 Guidelines for Site and Landscape Design FENCES, WALLS AND GATES Policy: Retaining walls, fences and site walls are found throughout Dubuque. They are typically associated with residential contexts; however, these features are also used to screening parking and service areas in commercial settings. Retaining walls are typical features in neighborhoods where the primary structures are elevated from the street, due to a change in topography. These walls are character - defining features and help to establish a sense of visual continuity, and should be preserved. They typically align along the edges of sidewalks, and they also occur as terraces within a site. Where new retaining walls are installed they should complement the traditional retaining walls in the neighborhood. Front yard fences also occur in some areas. Traditionally, these fences were relatively low in height and had a "transparent" character that allowed views into yards, providing interest to pedestrians. Solid plank wood fences were used occasionally along alley edges, but also were relatively low in height. Traditional fences should be maintained on a site. A new or replacement fence should be similar in character with those used traditionally in the neighborhood. In addition, fences should relate in character to the principal structures on the lot and to the context. Site walls should complement the traditional architectural materials and context where they are installed. Background: Every residential district exhibits use of low historic fences and gates, primarily on large, flat plots, and usually those with larger homes. Elaborate wrought and cast iron examples were common on the larger properties constructed in the latter half of the nineteenth century in the Jackson Park, West 11th Street and Cathedral districts. These were often erected atop limestone retaining walls and several examples survive in good condition. More utilitarian mesh - type fences — precursors to modern chain link —also are visible in these areas. although less frequently. In the Langworthy and southern Cathedral districts simple wooden picket fencing and gates, and wooden balustrade style fences were popular for larger homes and groups of properties. After 1945 chain link became a popular fencing option, but this material is incompatible with the historic character Guidelines: 2.16 Preserve historic fences, gates and retaining walls. • Avoid damaging or removing historic materials. • Replace only those portions that are deteriorated beyond repair. • Any replacement material should match the original in color, texture, size and finish. • Maintain any distinctive details and protective finishes. Pracania hictnrir fanrac rvatac and rataininn uniallc Fences, Walls & Gates Chapter 3 Guidelines for New Buildings In this Chapter: Designing In Context Building Mass and Scale Building Design General Guidelines for New Buildings Architectural Character Materials 88 88 88 89 89 90 General Guidelines for New Commercial Building Types 92 Building Setbacks 92 Building Massing 93 Building and Roof Form 96 Horizontal Alignment 97 Solid -to -void 98 New Storefront Character 99 Guidelines for New Residential Building Types 101 Residential Context and Features 101 Building Setbacks 102 Primary Entrance 103 Mass and Scale 104 Building and Roof Form 107 Solid -to -Void 108 Building Materials 109 Secondary Structures 111 New Industrial Warehouse Building Types 112 Building Setbacks 112 Mass and Scale 113 Building and Roof Form 115 Horizontal Alignment 116 Solid -to -void 117 New Facade Character 118 Policy: Projects in Dubuque's historic districts should be compatible with the surrounding historic context. This is especially important when considering new construction in a historic district. Chapter 3 Guidelines for New Buildings Context Designing In Context This building project appropriately transitions a commercial context to a residential context. The corner commercial form of the building is located on the commercial street and the residential building form is located adjacent to a residential setting. BUILDING MASS AND SCALE The mass and scale characteristics of typical buildings contribute to the general feeling or perception of a context. When buildings tend to have similar mass and scale characteristics, a neighborhood context will often feel very consistent. Where mass and scale characteristics vary, a neighborhood may be defined by a feeling of design diversity. Specific features in this category that may be used in defining physical character: • Building height • Building form • Roof form • Variations in wall planes • Relationship of building floor area to lot size BUILDING DESIGN The design characteristics of typical existing buildings helps define rhythms that may contribute significantly to the character of a neighborhood. Specific features in this category that may be used in defining physical context: • Building age • Building style • Design character • Building materials • The relationship of windows to solid wall areas • Building use • Roof lines • Eaves • Location of entries • Placement of accessory structures Policy: Building materials of new structures and additions to existing structures should contribute to the visual continuity of the neighborhood. They should appear similar to those seen traditionally to establish a sense of visual continuity. Select materials which are high quality, convey a sense of human scale and provide visual interest. Use green materials and those which improve environmental performance that have been proven effective in the local climate. Materials should also minimize negative environmental impacts. Chapter 3 Guidelines for New Buildings Materials MATERIALS New materials that are similar in character to traditional materials may be acceptable when they appear similar in scale, proportion, texture Appropriate materials are: • Locally manufactured. • Easy to maintain. • Proven to be durable in the Dubuque climate. • Have long life spans. • Recyclable. • Made from recycled or repurposed materials. • Not manufactured using harsh chemicals. • Donotoff -gas harshchemicals. • Will not interact negatively with historic building materials. Guidelines: 3.4 Use building materials that appear similar to those used traditionally in the area. • Brick is found in all character areas and, therefore, is an appropriate material to use. • Horizontal lap siding is appropriate in transitional areas and on residential style buildings. • All wood siding should have a weather - protective finish. • The use of highly reflective materials is discouraged. 3.5 Use masonry that appears similar in character to that seen historically. • Brick should have a modular dimension similar to that used traditionally. Brick larger than the nominal 2 -3/8" x 8" is discouraged. Brick should also appear structural in its application; it is load- bearing and should be detailed accordingly. Stone, similar to that used traditionally, is also appropriate. 3.6 New materials that are similar in character to traditional materials may be acceptable with appropriate detailing. Alternative materials should appear similar in scale, proportion, texture and finish to those used traditionally for that particular building type. 3.7 Use building materials that contribute to the traditional sense of scale of the block. This will reinforce the sense of visual continuity in the area. Apprapriate m t$rial5 arc • Locally manufactured. • Easy 10 mBin1$in_ ± Proven to be durable in the Dubuque cIIma1e. i Have long spans. i Recyclable. • Made ircm recycled or repurpo9ecl materials. • Nol manufactured actured using Irviirsh ahemiCAIE. Da iasharshchemicals. i WIII not Interact Lneg tl +tyvoith hi sloric building mBtenals. 7 Chapter 3 Guidelines for New Buildings Materials 3.8 Use high quality, durable materials. • Materials should be proven to be durable in the local climate. • Facade materials should maintain an intended finish over time, or acquire a patina which is understood to be an outcome of normal interaction with the elements. • Attach materials in a manner that will remain secure. 3.9 Use green building materials that are compatible with the historic context. • They should employ the guidelines noted above. Contemporary interpretations of traditional designs and details are encouraged. New contemporary designs for storefront elements provide visual interest and reinforce the established storefront pattern in the commercial context. Chapter 3 Guidelines for New Buildings Commercial Building Massing BUILDING MASSING Policy: Building massing should fit with existing patterns, but need not directly copy them. Existing patterns and traditions in building massing include varied heights, articulated masses, visually interesting skylines and pedestrian - scaled street fronts. Building massing should continue to provide a variety of pedestrian - friendly scales and visually appealing masses. Buildings should not be monolithic in scale or greatly contrast with the existing scale in the area. A sense of human scale is achieved when one can reasonably interpret the size of a building by comparing features of its design to comparable elements in one's experience. Using building material of a familiar dimension such as traditional brick is an example, as is using windows of similar dimensions. To ensure human scale is achieved in new development, it is important to focus design attention on aspects most directly experienced by pedestrians, such as the scale of buildings and architectural details at the street level. For example, providing a storefront and a band of smaller upper story windows creates a human scale. These features are some of the important characteristics of commercial building types and should be respected in all new construction. Guidelines: 3.11 Maintain the average perceived size of buildings at the sidewalk. • Facade heights of new buildings should fall within the established range of the block, and respect the traditional proportions of height to width. • Floor -to -floor heights should appear similar to those of traditional buildings in the area. 3.12 Traditional spacing patterns created by the repetition of uniform building widths along streets should be maintained. • New facade widths should reflect the established range of the building widths seen on the block. • Where a building must exceed this width, use a change in design features to suggest the traditional building widths. Changes in facade material, window design, facade height or decorative details are examples of techniques that may be considered. These variations should be expressed through the structure such that the composition appears to be a collection of smaller building modules. Facade heights of new buildings should fall within the established range of the block, and respect the traditional proportions of height to width. Changes in facade material, window design, facade height or decorative details are examples of techniques that may be considered to reflect traditional building widths. Floor -to -floor heights should appear similar to those of traditional buildings in the area. New facade widths should reflect the established range of building widths seen on the block. Policy: A new low -rise residential infill building should be compatible with its context and reflect design features found in traditional residential building types. This includes building setbacks, scale and overall height, the number of stories, massing, foundation height, roof form, window and door size and placement, and porches. A new mid -rise apartment building should be compatible with its context and reflect traditional building features along the block. Apartment buildings are most appropriate along transitional edges near the downtown core. Chapter 3 Guidelines for New Buildings Residential Context Guidelines for New Residential Building Types This section provides design guidelines for new residential buildings in the downtown overlay and in the city's historic districts. It addresses low -rise residential buildings in single - family, duplex and townhome forms. It also provides guidance for mid -rise apartment buildings. The guidelines also apply to new additions to non- historic residential buildings. RESIDENTIAL CONTEXT AND FEATURES Guidelines: 3.24 Maintain the design context of the neighborhood. • Each new structure should be designed to be compatible with its specific context. • Note that a design may be appropriate in one district and may not be appropriate in another. The images above reflect traditional residential design contexts and features. Note the variation in setback in the Chapter 3 Guidelines for New Buildings Residential Massing AAA MASS AND SCALE Policy: The massing of a new building should fit within existing patterns, but need not directly copy them. Variables in building massing include varied heights, articulated masses and pedestrian - scaled entryways. Building massing should continue to provide a variety of pedestrian - friendly scales and visually appealing forms. Buildings should not be monolithic in scale or greatly contrast with the existing scale of the area. A sense of human scale is achieved when one can reasonably interpret the size of a building by comparing features of its design to comparable elements in one's experience. Using a building material of a familiar dimension such as traditional brick is an example, as is using windows of similar dimensions. To ensure that human scale is achieved in new development, it is important to focus design attention on aspects most directly experienced by pedestrians, such as the scale of buildings and architectural details at the street level. For example, providing a front porch creates a human scale, especially in a residential setting. These features should be respected in all new construction. Guidelines: 3.29 Construct a new building to be similar in mass and scale to traditional buildings in the neighborhood. • Use traditional features that convey a human scale, such as windows and doors of similar sizes. • Use building materials of traditional dimensions. Brick is encouraged. • Include horizontal elements in the design of residential buildings. For example, porches, balconies and eaves should be used to reflect the articulation of buildings in predominantly residential areas. • Use architectural details to create visual interest and convey a three dimensional quality. For single - family buildings this can include a one -story porch. 3.30 The front wall of a new structure should appear similar in width to traditional buildings in the neighborhood. • The primary plane of the front should not appear wider than those in the neighborhood. Construct a new building to be similar in mass and scale to traditional buildings in the neighborhood. 1 Roof height Upper floor height Ground floor height Foundation height 7 Construct a new building to have similar floor, roof and foundation heights as traditional buildings along the block. The floor to floor heights are generally appropriate; however, the foundation wall is set high and does not reflect the actual foundation height. On larger structures, subdivide the larger mass into smaller "modules" that are similar in size to traditional buildings in the neighborhood. Chapter 3 Guidelines for New Buildings Warehouse Massing MASS AND SCALE Policy: A new building should reflect the massing of traditional warehouse buildings. Because of the diversity of building sizes exhibited throughout the warehouse area, a wide variety of building sizes will be appropriate, as long as a human scale is conveyed. A sense of human scale is achieved when one can reasonably interpret the size of a building by comparing features of its design to comparable elements in one's experience. Using a building material of a familiar dimension such as traditional brick is an example, as is using windows of similar dimensions. To ensure that human scale is achieved in new development, it is important to focus design attention on aspects most directly experienced by pedestrians, such as architectural details at the street level. For example, providing a series of vertical pilasters and a band of windows creates a human scale. Traditional warehouses included interesting fenestration which created visual interest, and is partially why the older industrial buildings are so visually appealing. These features are some of the important characteristics of the warehouse area and should be respected in all new construction. Guidelines: 3.42 Maintain the average perceived size of buildings at the sidewalk edge. • The facade height of a new building should fall within the established range of the block, and respect the traditional proportions of height to width. • Floor -to -floor heights should appear similar to those of traditional buildings in the area. 3.43 A new building should incorporate a base, a middle and a cap. • Traditionally, buildings were composed of these three basic elements. Interpreting this tradition in new buildings will help reinforce the visual continuity of the area. 3.44 Establish a sense of human scale in building design. • Use vertical and horizontal articulation to break up large wall surfaces. • Incorporate changes in color, texture and materials to help define human scale. • Use architectural details that create visual interest and convey a three - dimensional gravity. • Use materials which help to convey scale through their proportions, detailing and form. Use materials which help to convey scale through their proportions, detailing and form. Use materials which help to convey Floor -to -floor heights should appear Use architectural details that create scale through their proportions, similarto those of traditional buildings visual interest and convey a three detailing and form. in the area. dimensional facade. Maintain the traditional height of buildings seen along the street by setting back taller portions of buildings from the front facade. Chapter 4 Design Guidelines for All Properties TOC In this Chapter: Various Guidelines that Apply to all Projects Awnings and Canopies Building Lighting Parking Facilities Public Art Rooftop Uses Service Areas Utilities 122 122 124 125 127 128 129 130 Signs 131 Historic Signs 132 Sign Character 132 Sign Materials 133 Sign Installation 133 Sign Color 133 Sign Lighting 134 Sign Content 135 Canopy and Awnings Sign 136 Directory Sign 137 Interpretive Sign 137 Projecting or Hanging Sign 138 Symbol Signs 138 Wall Sign 139 Window Sign 139 Wayfinding Sign 141 Policy; In this context, a canopy is a fixed structure attached to a building with a rigid roof material, usually metal. It may be flat (horizontal), or sloped. Awnings are typically fabric attached to light, sloped metal frames. They may be operable or fixed. When installing these features, do not damage historic materials. Traditionally, awnings and canopies were noteworthy features on commercial buildings; they were also installed on some residential buildings. Their continued use is encouraged. These elements are simple in detail, and they reflect the character of the buildings to which they are attached. Chapter 4 Design Guidelines for Allitoperties Awnings and Canopies AWNINGS AND CANOPIES Minimize damage to historic materials when mounting canopies and awnings. Guidelines: 4.1 Minimize damage to historic materials when mounting canopies and awnings. • Avoid anchoring directly into architectural features, when feasible. 4.2 A fabric awning is encouraged. 4.3 Historically, fabric awnings are what were most commonly found in Dubuque. • Operable awnings are appropriate. 4.4 A fixed metal canopy may be considered. • Appropriate supporting mechanisms are wall mounted brackets and chains. 4.5 The awning and canopy should be in character with the building and streetscape. • Mount an awning or canopy to accentuate character - defining features. The awning or canopy should fit in the opening of the building. Use colors that are compatible with the overall color scheme of the facade. Solid colors are encouraged. • Simple shed shapes are appropriate for rectangular openings. Odd shapes, bullnose awnings and bubble awnings are inappropriate. • Internal illumination of an awning is inappropriate. Fixed metal canopies may be appropriate for certain building styles. • 122 Chapter 4 Design Guidelines for All Properties Policy: The character and level of lighting that is used on a building is of special concern. Traditionally, exterior lights were simple in character and were used to highlight signs and building entrances on commercial buildings. For residential buildings, lighting highlighted the entrance with a fixture located on the porch ceiling or near the front door. Most fixtures had incandescent lamps that cast a color similar to daylight, were relatively low intensity and were shielded with simple shade devices. Although new lamp types may be considered, the overall effect of modest, focused, building light should be continued. Chapter 4 Design Guidelines for All Properties Building Lighting BUILDING LIGHTING When installing lighting on a historic building, use existing documentation as a basis for the new design. If no documentation exists, use a contemporary light fixture that is simple in design. Building lighting should be installed in a manner so as not to damage the historic fabric of the building and should be reversible. ..A 9 111 Ilq AA Ih III Mrll lad 1101 c 11w °M IM u�w �illlillll 11°I°'llIIIIIUl ti zgra C:t[• ;; yiy�11��IIf . a uF�l�'t °�wl�lfiiiiiii i" 111111,11111 -I mY MM YID me . we NI !LI1 IuIA' .AA•:'JIIIIU �: I�>. Light fixtures should incorporate cut- off shields to direct light downward. Guidelines: 4.6 Use lighting to accent: • Building entrances • Architectural features on civic buildings of community interest 4.7 Minimize the visual impacts of building lighting. • Use exterior light sources with a low level of luminescence. • Use lights that cast a similar color to daylight. • Do not wash an entire building facade in light. • Use lighting fixtures that are appropriate to the building and its surroundings in terms of style, scale and intensity of illumination. • New lighting fixtures should have simple designs that do not draw attention away from the facade. • Mount exterior fixtures in an inconspicuous manner. • Do not damage or obscure historic building components and fabric when mounting exterior fixtures. • Do not use high intensity light sources or cast light directly upward. Chapter 4 Design Guidelines for All Properties Signs Appropriate sign placement on building types L 4 •14 r Et± • Appropriate wall sign placement on a Appropriate hanging sign commercial building type. placement on a residential building type. Waif& N■■ ■■■ ENE ii• ■ ■I■ ■ ■■■ 9 Appropriate wall sign placement on a warehouse building type. ME /Will imirlIni ■■■ OM OM UM ■■■ ■■■ OM Obi UN MIN Sign Placement hapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability In this Chapter: General Sustainability Guidelines for all Projects Landscape Improvements for Sustainability Environmental Impacts to Neighbors Paving Materials for Sustainability Historic Preservation and Sustainability Cultural /Social Component of Sustainability Environmental Component of Sustainability Economic Component of Sustainability Sustainability of a Historic Building Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings Historic Residential Building Energy Efficiency Strategy Historic Commercial Storefront Building Energy Efficiency Strategy Energy Performance in Historic Buildings Energy Generating Technologies Integrating Energy Generating Technologies on Historic Buildings Solar Collectors Wind Power Green Roofs Locating a New Addition for Environmental Benefits Massing of an Addition Deconstruction and Building Material Re -use New Construction and Sustainability Sustainable Building Design Sustainable Building Elements Overall Strategy for Sustainable New Construction New Commercial Construction Building Energy Efficiency Diagram New Residential Construction Building Energy Efficiency Diagram 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 148 150 150 153 154 155 156 156 157 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 164 165 166 i What do we Mean by Sustainability? 111111111 w En V 1 r#nf11e Y1#alt • Ecological Integrity Via ble L ivaLi:I E Economic Prosperity Equitable Social/Cultural Vibrancy • Preservation is: Environmental /Ecological Integrity • Reduces waste Demolition waste Construction waste Landfill space • Preserves embodied energy Reduces energy use Repair and maintenance more efficient than replacement Designed for efficiency Preservation is: Economic Prosperity Green from the Start: Adaptable designs Precedence for change of uses and new technologies Historic Building materials . More durable . Longer life cycle . Locally produced & assembled Non -toxic (originally) Reusable Repairable Preservation is: Social /Cultural Vibrancy • Green from the Start: Construction Quality Built for durability Built to be repairable . High quality finishes and details Local Climatic Design Solutions Operable Building Systems • Operable and fixed shading devices • Air circulation devices Porches USE OF OPERABLE AWNINGS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY Awnings Open to Provide Shading Awnings can be closed in the summer to provide shading for the storefront and the sidewalk. Awnings C ose . o Allow Solar Access Awnings can be left open in the winter to provide solar heat gain and daylighting. Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability Historic Property Strategy Step 1: Establish Project Goals Develop an overall strategy and set of project goals to maximize the effectiveness of a project. This will establish a broad view that places individual actions into context. Project goals should focus on minimizing use of resources and energy, avoiding negative environmental impacts and retaining the historic integrity of a property. Strategies should maximize the inherent value of the historic resource prior to considering alterations or retrofitting with energy generation technology. To inform a project strategy, also consider conducting an energy audit. An energy audit can give a comprehensive view of how energy is currently used in the daily and seasonal cycles of use, and can also provide perspective on the pay- back of investment for potential work on the building. For example, an energy audit, when examined based on an overall strategy, may demonstrate that priorities should be on increasing insulation in walls, ceilings and foundations, rather than replacing windows. Step 2: Maintain Building Components in Sound Condition Maintaining the existing building fabric reduces negative environmental impacts. Re -using a building and maintaining its key features preserves the energy and resources invested in its construction and removes the need to produce new construction materials. Step 3: Maximize Inherent Sustainable Qualities. Typically historic buildings were built with energy efficiency in mind. Construction methods focused on durability and maintenance, resulting in individual building features that can be repaired if damaged, thus minimizing the need for replacement materials. Buildings were also built to respond to local climate conditions, integrating passive and active strategies for year -round interior climate control which increase energy efficiency. Passive strategies typically include building orientation for sun, breezes. and features such as roof overhangs and windows to provide both natural daylighting as well as management of solar heat gain. Active strategies typically include operable awnings, double -hung and transom windows. Step 4: Enhance building performance. A historic building's inherent energy efficiency can be augmented using techniques which improve efficiency without negatively impacting historic building elements. Non - invasive strategies such as increased insulation, weatherization improvements and landscaping should be considered. Step 5: Add Energy- Generating Technologies Sensitively. Many historic structures can accommodate the respectful integration of energy efficiency technologies. Energy- gener- ating technologies are the most commonly known strategies. However, the efficiency of a historic structure will often be great enough that generation technologies aren't the most practical solutions. Utilize strategies to reduce energy consumption prior to undertaking an energy generation project. When integrating modern energy technology into a historic structure, maintain the resource's historic integrity and the ability to interpret its historic significance. As new technologies are tried and tested it is important that they be installed in a reversible manner such that they leave no permanent negative impacts to a historic structure. Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability Energy Efficiency in Historic Properties Policy: Original building features and systems that contribute to sustainability should be maintained in good operating condition. Guidelines: 5.7 Preserve the inherent energy efficiency of a historic building. • Identify inherent sustainable features and operating systems and maintain them in good condition. • Repair or restore covered, damaged or missing features where appropriate. 5.8 Maintain a building's sustainability features in operable condition. • Retain original operable shutters, awnings and transoms to increase the range of conditions in which a building is comfortable without mechanical climate controls. (See Awnings and Canopies on page 122 for more information.) • Repair or restore covered, damaged or missing features where necessary. Green Features of Historic Residences The following images illustrate several of the inherent green features typically found on historic residences in Dubuque. • y., m ▪ Double -hung windows ...--4 simultaneously allow cool air in and warm air out. 150 Window arrangements such as these may allow for passive heating in the winter, where proper orientation occurs. A steep roof pitch and large roof area facilitate the collection of rain water, which can be used for irrigation. The porch helps moderate temperature swings. Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability Energy Efficiency in Historic Properties © Double -hung windows allow cool air in and warm air out in summer. O Symmetrical window arrangements typically allow for passive cooling and cross - ventilation through the home. The porch helps moderate temperature swings. Operable shutters can be closed to block solar heat gain in the summer while allowing cooling breezes to pass through. A stone exterior provides thermal mass to moderate indoor temperate swings. 0 Asteep roof pitch and large roof area facilitates the collection of rain water for reuse on the site. Fireplaces and their chimneys provide for non - mechanical heating. The roof overhang provides for seasonal shading. Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability Historic Residential Energy Efficiency Strategy % Attic & Walls • Insulate internally 0 Awnings & Porches • Restore porches and awnings 0 Doors • Maintain original doors • Weatherstrip A Roof Material • Retain & repair Solar Panels • Set back from primary facade to minimize visibility from street ()Chimney • Install draft stopper 0 Windows • Repair & retain original or early windows • Retain original glass • Enhance thermal & acoustic efficiency with storm windows (preferably interior) • Weatherstrip This diagram summarizes a general strategy for energy conservation on a traditional residential building. These measures can enhance energy efficiency while retaining the integrity of the historic structure. Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability 153 Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability Historic Commercial Energy Efficiency Strategy O Attic & Walls • Insulate internally O Awnings • Use operable awnings to control solar access and heat gain O Doors • Maintain original doors • Weatherstrip • Consider interior airlock area O Roof Material • Retain & repair I© Solar Panels • Set back from primary facade to minimize visibility from street O Storefront Windows • Maintain original windows • Weatherstrip Q Transoms • Retain operable transom to circulate air © Windows • Maintain original windows • Weatherstrip and caulk • Add storm windows (preferably interior) Wind Turbines milv • Set back from primary facade to minimize visibility from street This diagram summarizes a general strategy for energy conservation on a traditional commercial building_ These measures can enhance energy efficiency while retaining the integrity of the historic structure. A similar approach would apply to warehouse buildings. Acceptable Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability Solar Collectors on a Historic Building Locating Solar Panels on a Historic Home Existing Building Features • Gable facing street, side is south facing Appropriate Features • Panels located on rear portion of roof • Panels set back from eaves • Panels are flush with the roof • Panels do not overwhelm the roof 5.14 Use the least invasive method feasible to attach solar collectors to a historic roof. • Avoid damage to significant features. • Install a collector in such a way that it can be removed and the original character easily restored. • Collector arrays should not threaten the structural integrity of the building. 5.15 Consider using building- integrated photo voltaic technology where the use of new building material is appropriate. • Installing integrated photo voltaic systems should be planned where they will not hinder the ability to interpret the historic significance of the structure. For example, installing solar shingles on a rear or secondary roof facade where the original roof material is missing or significantly damaged would be appropriate. Features • Panels set back from eave, but • closer to the front Panels are flush with the roof • Panels do not overwhelm, and are subordinate to, the roof plane Not Appropriate ❑ • • jj Q—Er I]I D r-1 Features When should I use this When should I use this approach? • This location provides sufficient solar access The building is highly significant The context has many intact historic buildings • Roof is highly visible approach? • The preferred option is not feasible • The building is a contributor to a district • Site constraints restrict solar access • Roof is not highly visible Panels are not set back from eave. Panels overwhelm the character of the historic roof and structure. Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability New Residential Energy Efficiency Diagram Q Thermal Mass Wall • Masonry wall O Solar Panels • Use matt finish and simple arrays Q Eave Overlays O Double -hung windows • Provides shade in • I n t e r n a l a i r summer circulation O Cold Roof • Increases heating efficiency O Recycled Brick 0 Xeriscape • Reuse of materials • Low water plants Q Porch • Allows for shade in summer and sun in winter © Geothermal Heat System • Below grade system that uses less energy to run than conventional heating systems 166 Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability N Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability New Commercial Energy Efficiency Diagram O Wind Devices • Set back from primary © Green Roofs facade to minimize visibility from street O Operable Transoms • Allows for natural air circulation 0 Chapter 5 Design Guidelines for Sustainability • Decreases solar gain • Reduces runoff Shading devices • Operable canopies, located above display windows 0 Solar Panels • Set back from primary facade to minimize visibility from street • Used as shading devices 165 • Benefits of Historic Preservation • Key Preservation, Urban Design, and Sustainability Principles • Federal Standards for Treatment of Historic Buildings • Preservation Briefs • Financial Incentive Toolkit Architectural Styles Booklet TOC 1 In this Booklet: Greek Revival 2 Federal 3 Italianate 4 Gothic Revival 6 Octagon Mode 7 Workers Cottage 8 Dubuque /Brick Vernacular 9 Second Empire- Mansard 11 Front Gable 12 Brick Flats /Row House 13 Gothic Revival /Victorian Gothic 14 Stick 15 Stick /Eastlake 16 Queen Anne 17 Shingle 19 Renaissance Revival 20 Romanesque RevivallRichardsonian Revival 22 Classical Revival 23 Colonial RevivallDutch Colonial 24 Beaux Arts 25 Neo- Classical Revival 26 Colonial RevivallGeorgian Revival 27 Mission /Spanish Colonial 28 Tudor Revival 29 Bungalow Craftsman 30 American Four Square 31 Modern Movement -Art Moderne&Art Deco 32 Architectural Styles Federal FEDERAL c. 1840 -1860 The Federal style appeared in Dubuque through the spread of stylistic information among the river towns throughout the Midwest. It represents long- standing tradition of Federal -style architecture that flourished in the prosperous towns along the Mississippi River. Few examples of this style remain intact in Dubuque. They are characterized by their narrow, compact massing, brick construction, stepped parapets at the gable ends, multi -light double hung windows, and an entry with multiple light sidelights and transom. Stepped parapets at the gable ends Multi -light double hung windows Narrow, compact massing Brick construction Architectural Styles Italianate SECOND EMPIRE - MANSARD c. 1855 -1885 Cupola with ogee mansard roof Boxy, mansard roof — Wide decorative eaves — Tall, narrow windows — Prominent carved window hoods — double entry doors — A very common style, the Second Empire was a direct derivation of the style popular in France during the reign of Napoleon III from 1850 -1872, also known as that country's Second Empire. The most distinctive feature is the boxy Mansard roof, which encompasses the upper story and provides an additional level of living space. In most other respects the style is quite similar to the Italianate, with its tall, narrow windows and double -entry doors, prominent carved window hoods, wide eaves with large decorative brackets and cupolas, which also use a Mansard roof, but with a curved or "ogee" profile that is distinct from the roof on the main body of the house. Dubuque Architectural Styles 11 Architectural Styles Beaux Arts a BEAUX ARTS C. 1885 -1930 Symmetrical window pattern with decorative frames Corinthian pilasters Hierarchically divided facade with clear base, middle and cap Prominent central entry This immensely influential style in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century was inspired by the Classically- referenced work of the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, which was considered the premier architectural school of the time. The style came to America through architects who trained abroad, and was popularized by the "White City" at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The style consists of a distinctly eclectic combination of a variety of Classical elements drawn from both ancient, Renaissance, and Revival examples, and was most commonly used on public buildings and commercial structures. Although examples of the style can include an almost limitless number of Classical elements in various combinations, the typical features include a rigidly symmetrical front facade with a hierarchical arrangement of elements divided by Ionic or Corinthian pilasters or columns, and entablatures decorated with brackets or swags. Glossary: Design Terms Board and batten Bracket Bulkhead Balustrade. An entire rail system with top rail and balusters. Bargeboard. A board which hangs from the projecting end of a gable roof, covering the end rafters, and often sawn into a decorative pattern. Bay. The portion of a facade between columns or piers providing regular divisions and usually marked by windows. Bay window. A projecting window that forms an extension to the floor space of the internal rooms; usually extends to the ground level. Belt course. A horizontal band across or around a building usually enhanced with decorative molding and marking the floor levels on the exterior facade of the building. Board and batten. Vertical plank siding with joints covered by narrow wood strips. Bond. A term used to describe the various patterns in which brick (or stone) is laid, such as "common bond' or "Flemish bond." Bracket. A supporting member for a projecting element or shelf, sometimes in the shape of an inverted L and sometimes as a solid piece or a triangular truss. Building. A resource created principally to shelter any form of human activity, such as a house. Bulkhead. The structural panels just below display windows on storefronts. Bulkheads can be both supportive and decorative in design. Bulkheads from the 19th century are often of wood construction with rectangular raised panels while those of the 20th century may be of wood, brick, tile, or marble construction. Bulkheads are also referred to as kickplates. Bungalow. Common house form of the early 20th century distinguished by horizontal emphasis, wide eaves, large porches and multi -light doors and windows. Canopy. A roof like projection or shelter that projects from the facade of a building over the sidewalk. Capital. The head of a column or pilaster. Implementation: Current City of Dubuque Design Guidelines for: • Historic Districts -- Regulatory Downtown Overlay Incentive Based /slu c ii oaf `7Ifei „,,„„„,,;,,,,!...._, ' ti-MAN- • •. ♦ ' �' tt sG �J . 11 % ,. .S rr� y.; �, ' � � /� i ,r ." _ S � M - � CT 0 -- v' ''+4 i ..-.., 0 - \ fi" ^ c�� % _ 74 _\ .� • - \ . _ • _ 1 l 1 % C / / , ,-- _-_--, ,' � /, \ ; , , y - t t re f N a + M A - ,„,,,, _,,of �i,',tam G. C •_:----- \�\ mil ` ky:. 717(1 lDy. L LL hh 1_ f __I y t � ' _1 iir \+' I � t'' ' :i1 1. t r d �Y /. �INr rro Historic District Guidelines Downtown Design Guidelines City of Dubuque Design Guidelines for: • Historic Districts -- Regulatory Downtown Overlay Incentive Based Implementation: Proposed Bringing Neighborhoods Back - One Porch at a Time Section 106 Reviews City of Dubuque Design Guidelines for: • Historic Districts Regulatory • Downtown Overlay Incentive Based • Historic buildings citywide - Incentive Based City of Dubuque Architectural Design Guidelines Public Review January 21, 2014 Qu stions?