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St. Mary's Church NRHP Historic District NHD Nomination Copyright 2014 City of Dubuque Consent Items # 5. ITEM TITLE: St. Mary's Church NRHP Historic District SUMMARY: Historic Preservation Commission recommending that the nomination of the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District be submitted for consideration by the National Register of Historic Places. SUGGESTED DISPOSITION: Suggested Disposition: Receive and File; Approve ATTACHMENTS: Description Type ❑ Commission Letter Staff Memo ❑ National Register Nomination Evaluation Supporting Documentation ❑ National Register Nomination Submital Supporting Documentation ❑ National Register Nomination Detailed Information Supporting Documentation ❑ National Register Nomination Photo Log Supporting Documentation ❑ National Register Nomination Photos Supporting Documentation THE CITY OF Dubuque UB E 1 Masterpiece ort the Mississippi 2007•2012•2013 The Honorable Mayor and City Council Members City of Dubuque City Hall-50 W. 13th Street Dubuque, IA 52001 RE: St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District Dear Mayor and City Council Members: The City of Dubuque Historic Preservation Commission has reviewed the above-cited request. The nomination and supporting materials are enclosed for your review. Introduction The State Nominations Review Committee plans to consider the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District, 105 E. 15th Street, 1584 White Street, 1501 Jackson Street and 1561 Jackson Street for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) during their February 13, 2015 meeting. As a participant of the Certified Local Government (CLG) Program, the City of Dubuque is required to review and comment on the proposed National Register nominations within its jurisdiction. Discussion The current property owners and developers for the property are supportive of the nomination. The Commission reviewed the nomination and concurs with the Narrative Statement of Significance that the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District is eligible for listing on the NRHP under significance criteria A, B and C. Criterion A is a property that is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Criterion B is property that is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Criterion C is a property that embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. Recommendation By a vote of 5 to 0, the Historic Preservation Commission recommends the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District nomination based on significance criteria A, B and C. A simple majority vote is needed for the City Council to concur with the request, and to forward the nomination to the State Nominations Review Committee. Attached is the CLG National Register Nomination Evaluation Report Form for the Mayor's signature. Respectfully submitted, Robert McDonell, Chairperson Historic Preservation Commission Attachments F:\USERS\Djohnson\HPC\Pending National Register Nomination\St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District \Council Letter 2 CERTIFIED LOCAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION EVALUATION REPORT FORM As a participant in the Certified Local Government Program (CLG), the Historic Preservation Commission is required to review and comment on proposed National Register nominations of properties within its jurisdiction. The State is required to provide the CLG with a 60 -day period for the review prior to a State Nominations Review Committee (SNRC) meeting. This form must be received by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) five days in advance of the State Nomination Review Committee (SNRC) meeting. (Please print clearly) Historic Property Name: St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District Address: 105 E. 1551 Street, 1584 White Street, 1501 Jackson Street, 1561 Jackson Street Certified Local Government Name: City of Dubuque Date of public meeting for nomination review: HPC — 01/15/15; City Council — 02/02/15 Applicable Criteria: (Please Check the Appropriate Box) ® Criterion A (Historical Events) ® Criterion B (Important Person) Criterion C (Architecture) ❑ Criterion D (Archaeological) Please check the following box that is appropriate to the nomination (Please print clearly). ® The Commission recommends that the property should be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. ❑ The Commission recommends that the property should not be listed in the National Register for the following reasons: ❑ The Commission chooses not to make a recommendation on this nomination for the following reasons: ❑ The Commission would like to make the following recommendations regarding the nomination: (use additional sheets if necessary) Official Signatures Required Below Historic Review Board Chair or Representative Print Name: Robert McDonell Signature: Chief Elected Offi ial Print Name: Ma or '{: D. Buol Signature: Professional Evaluation Print Name: Signature: Approved ® Not Approved ❑ Approved ` Not Approved ❑ Approved ❑ Not Approved ❑ Dubuque THE CfIY OF DUB E �Ill�i Masterpiece on the Mississippi I T0; Historic Preservation Commission FROM; David Johnson, Assistant Planner.�,)� SUBJECT; St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District DATE; January 8, 2015 The State Nominations Review Committee plans to consider the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District, 105 E. 16 Street, 1684 White Street, 1501 Jackson Street and 1561 Jackson Street for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (NRNP) during their February 13, 2015 meeting. As a participant of the Certified Local Government Program, the City of Dubuque is required to review and comment on National Register nominations within its jurisdiction, The State has provided the enclosed copy of the nomination, photographs, and review form. The State is requesting the Commission review the nomination, and then comment on whether the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District meets significance criteria (A, B, C or D) for listing on the NRHP. The nomination indicates that the property is significant under criteria A, B, and C. Criterion A is property associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Criterion B is property that is associated with the lives of persons significant In our past. Criterion C is property that embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction of represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. Please review the attached documents and be prepared to recommend to the State Nominations Review Committee whether the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District is eligible for listing on the NRHP based on significance criteria A, B, C or D. Enclosures NPS Form 10.9W OMS No. ID29018 (RBv.10•B01 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form This krm Is kr use In oDminatirg or requesting de armtoadons for Individual properties and cards See Imstrula In Haw to Complete the Nallonal Register of HlatodoPiaces Regleeadon Farm(National AeBlder Bulletin 70A). Complete each Item hymarklng"a"In the appropriate box orby entering the hformatkn requesladIf any Ilam does not apply to the properly being documented,enter VA"Mr'%Aapplicable" For fuhdlons,orrMkedural dmalydaron,materials,and areas olalgnihcance,ender only col and subcategories from the Instructions, Plsceadditionalonklesondnemllve Items an p7nlloua0on sheets(NPS Farm 1D900a). Use lyp%r*,ward pmcesmr,or com user,to complele all hums. 1. Name of Property historic name St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic District other norma kite number 2. Location streelanumber 105E 1511 St.,lsn4whltoss_15QIJackson 5t and 1561 Jackson St not for publication NIA city orlownDubuque vicinity NIA state Iowa codeI1_counly Dubuque coded zip wtle 221. 2, StatefFederal Agency Certification As the deaignaled aulhonty under the National Historic Preservalion Act of 1986,as amended, I hereby cenily that this -mdmmaton,_, request for dea rminadwl ofeggellly memo the dooumantelkn standards for registerlog properties in he National Replster of H dock Platys and meats the prootarll and pmfessanel requirements set It In 96 CFR Pad 60. In my poll IN propeny_a_meels_dl not meat me National ReaderCrltedarecommend hallhls property he sonekared signGlcentyneGonelly�slatewlde�Ixaly. 1_See cantlnuatan oheel kr addthanN eomments.J Signature Mostrie oMdal Deb Ion Stare Historic Preservation Office Stete or Federal agency and bureau In my opinam,he suddenly_meals_does not medma III Register crherle LSee oantlnuapoo aheslkretldlllonel cummenls,) Signatureal oomonting orclher omclel Date Stale or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification I,herehyceriitythaNNapropanyis, Signature of Keeper Dab ofAmlon I] entered In the National Register 0 Sea coldrudiam shoal. Q delerminedellgiblefatha Nedonel Regieler 0 see co unua6on sheat Q determined not eligible kr theNelanal Register Q removed from the Nal Reel Q oher(axplakg St Mary's Catholic Church Hlslorlc0lslhct _ Oubuauff. Iowa Name of Propedy Ccuoly and Shape 5. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources wllhlnProperty (Chaakasmarry Jones asappe) (Cherkonyomhoxl (do no In adds pmyasyeed mamrces lnauIt) ®PdJ D bi Conlrihuling Noncontributing D publlo-local ® disldct DPkbgo-Stete D site 4 _ 0 buildings Dpulko-Federal D structure D object 0 0 sites 0 0 structures 0 0 objects 4 _ 0 Total Name of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously listed lEnlar%A'if ampenyisnopen ofa mulllpis property JIM ng.) in the National Reglster NIA N/A 6. Function or Use Historic Functions Current Functions (Enarsakgrrlas penimeusllsnsl (EnaraWJfrom memlhm) NEUGIONIreliginusfacility DOMESTICIinnitutlonal RELIGION/church school VACANTMOTINUSE RELIGIONIchurch-related residence 7. Description Architectural Classification Materials iEolerulepoerofmminamlwel (Ends otegedesfmm Inlmdlooal LATE VICTORIANrGothic foundagan STONEILImesh ne LATE VICTORIANISecoodEmpire walls BRICK LATE VICTORIANIRomanesgue STONEILimestone OTHEPIhfouse/DubuoueBrick Vernacular roof ASBESTOS other Narrative Descriptlon Powde the hislornand almm and as of line pmpenyan are or mYe ananurew moos.) See Continuation Sheets St Mary'sCatholic Church Historic District ubuaue Iowa Name of Property Cmnly and Slate 8.Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance (Mark Y Inane or mom boxes lm to ulleria nusiftng Ina pmpeay (Erdor agpes lrominsouolknO for amlorul aeplYx II RELIGION ® A Property is associated with events that EI111CATION have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. ETHNIC HERITACE.EUROPEAN ® B property Is associated with the lives of ARCHITECTURE persons significant in our past ART ® C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics MILITARY of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high adlslicvalues, orrepresents asignificant Period ofSigniNcance and distinguishable entry whose components lack Individualdlsllnhon, 1867-1965 Q D Prop"has yielded,orislikely toyield informaton Important In prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations Significant Dates (met Tin to Ne boa thal early.) 1867 Property is: 1870 � A owned byareligious institution orused for 873 religious purposes, Significant Person (Compute a C rlmrlon a Is mer sed above] QB removed from he original location, Schmitt Rev.AlooslusH Q C a birthplace or a grave. Cultural Affiliation D e cemetery. E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. F a commemorative property, ArchltectJBullder G less than n years of age or achieved significance wBhlnthe past 50years. MMuftnyJohn Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain to oletlnca nce d Ire orop em]on one or more oon ameaon ShI 9, Major Bibliographical References Bibliography qle the booae,alkoes,and Omer aVtee usod In prepming Nie for on ore awe oninuaan shk I Prevlous documentation on file (NPS) Primary Looatlon of Additional Data: Q preliminary determination of individual llsling (36 CFR 67) State Hislorlc Preservation Once has been requested. Other$hate agency d previously listed in the Moral Register Q Federal sgeocy previously deternereadeligible bythe III Register Local government designated a National Historic Landmark 0 University recorded byHistaricAmerican BulldingsSurvey Q Other g Name 0 repository: recorded by Histudc American Englneering Record 9 St Mary's Catholic Church Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County end Slab 10, Geographical Data Acreage of PropertyKoro imately I acre (Either use the UTM system of lataudellongitude coordinates) LatltudelLongitude Coordinates(decimal degrees) DatumiIOmB(than WGSe4: NA (enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) 1. latitude: 42.508360 Longitude: •96.667541 2. latitude: 42.508487 Longitude: -90.666699 3. latitude: 42.507756 Longitude: -90666311 4. latitude: 42.507520 Longitude: 90.667141 UTM References (Place additiooel UTM references on a conubuodon sheet) Zone Easting Norihing Zone Easiing Northing 1 L 691625,4B 4705851.03 3 15T 691731.19 4708793,73 2 1flI 691697,08 4708873.70 415T 691663.72 4706165.32 Tsee continuation sheet. Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a coniinuatian sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By nameAllle Duane P Hagerty Email: HagemHeriia te5omail.com organization Happily Heritage Planning date October 30,2014 street& number 1321 W. Winni Ave.,#3E telephone 773-31H209 cityortownChicago stale Illinois code 60640 Additional Documentation Submit the fclloong Items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps: AUSGSmap(7.5or15minute sones)Indicating theproperty's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs: Representative black and white photographs of the property, Additional Items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) S! Mary's Catholic Church Hielobc Dbincl Dubudue Iowa Name of Property County erd State Property Owner (Ur letathe Rem at the mount of the SHPO or FPO name See Continuation Sheels street& number telephone city or town state_zip code Papereark Reduction Act Statement This Information a being Wailed forapplloadoss to the Nadonal Register of HlstorlcNam 0 nominale proPerliea for being or determine ail forlisling,to list Propedlea,and to amend et4ting Ihlings.Response In this mquosl is required to ablaln a Well In wDrdance with the National tdwmb Pmservetlon Act,as amemled(16 UU 470 steeq.l. Estimated Burden Statement Public reporting burden for Ole form la estimated to averege 10.1 hours per response touting the time for reviewing Instructions,galhedng and militalting data,and wrapkdng and mvlewing the form.Dkectoomments repardli burden eadmi leer any aspectof this form to the Chief,Adminlamilm Semcas Didaide,Nall peM Sellae,P.O.Box V127,Waahloglan,OC 20013.7127;and the 011 of Management and Budgel,Paperwork Reduadoos Project(102408),Weshingam,DC 2060, NPS Form IND04 OMB No,10244018 (a80) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Secrtlon7 Page 1 Properly name St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic Dislrlct CounlyandStale Dubuoue Iowa 7. Description (Continued) Materials walls STONEISandsfone roof ASPHALT STONE7SIate METALITin Narrative Description SUMMARY PARAGRAPH The St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District is located on the north side of the Original Town of Dubuque. Seethe Vicinity Map attached as Figure 1. The historic district Consists of four(4)contributing buildings. See District Map, Including District Bounding Coordinates, attached as Figure 64, The contributing buildings Include; the St, Mary's Church, a Gothic Revival brick building originally constructed between 1864- 1867 (the "Church");the St. Mary's convent (now the Marla House), a brick vernacular house constructed In 1870 (the 'Convent'); the St. Mary's Jackson Street School, a brick Romanesque Revival school constructed in 1873 (the "Jackson Street School');and the St. Mary's rectory, a Second Empire home constructed circa 1890s (the "Rectory', The four contributing buildings are the only buildings in the city block bounded by E. 15e street on the south, White Street on the west, E. 16'" Street on the north and Jackson Street on the east. The St, Marys Catholic Church Historic District embodies the original vision of the German immigrant parishioners who planned the St. Mary's parish campus and completedthe construction oftheentire district by the1890s. See Figures 2 through 7. NPS Form 10.8004 OM0 No.10240010 (8.081 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Hlstorlc Places Contlnuation Sheet Section Page 2 Property name St, Mary's CathollcChudHistorlcDistrict County and State Duhuaue, Iowa a ' tee° d �•. V ' J 45: i rry , y, ! ' > it Vol . , w it ' we ell 1 ia I'll . U " U 0 � 2 4 r U lup �. tt Out' 00 r Q 1, r S Figurn1. St.Mary's Catholic Chu rch Historic District VicinhyMap NPS Form 10-900a ONE No.10244018 II (&8e) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 3 Propertynanne Si. MardsCatholic Church HlalQdgDistlict County and State Dubuoue Iowa ll 2. 1667 Lithograph ofDuhugue. DotalIshawing St,Marys(torch from the northwest I Picture Credit Center for Dubuque History,Loas College,Dubuque,Iowa. NPS Form 10.90De DMB No.1024-0OIB (9.96) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 4 Property name St Mary's CatholicChurch HlstorlcDistrict County and State Dubuque Iowa ir1 +� a �I 493 484 M a@ a N p� M t4 a Figure SanbomFire Insurance MeP�Dubuque.ue.Iowa,18843 Flgum3. Dalalh Augustus Koch BladseyeMapolDubuque,1871 9 Y � 1 b0 D t I Figures. Detallfrom Perpecfire Map of Dubuque,18894 Figure 6. senbornFire insummMap,Dub uqua,look 1Ye1a 2 Picture Credit, Centerfor Dubuque History,Was College,Dubuque,Iowa, 3 Picture Credit Library of Congress:http9lw w,loc,govlaemisanbom02633 0011 4 Picture Credit:Library of Congress:hapllwwwloc,govlaemp56932321 5 Picture Credit:State Library of Iowa-Digital Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps-accessed online, NPS Form 10.90k DMS N0. 1021dD18 (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Palk Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet SectionL Page 5_ Propertyname St. Mary's Cathollc ChurchHlstoricUrld County and State Dubuque, Iowa Fr .... his n u... a. 6.. A alaaa an 1 A✓d « " 57,MFAYS " « A. T ARgvaaai. �� WR MHtl otriwo 1 y y,.1..1.1 '.ab" ,, •. Figure 7. Sanborn FIN Insurance Map,Dubuque,laws,1909.6 Figure S. Sanborn FIstururenceMak Dubuga Iowa 19577 The St, Mary's Catholic Church Historic District buildings retain a high degree of integrity. The buildings In the district display a highly cohesive ensemble of red brick, nineteenth century revival-style architecture. They have fulfilled their parish functions for most of their history. The district anchors a residential and commercial neighborhood on the north side of Dubuque known as the Washington Neighborhood (See Figure 9, below). The Washington Neighborhood developed contemporaneously with the development of the St. Mary's parish complex. As one of the oldest and most established neighborhoods in the city, the Washington neighborhood has an extensive inventory of historic buildings, including homes and structures eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. The ensemble ofSt.Mary's parish buildings is Integral to the historic character of the neighborhood. 6 Picture Credit Stare Library of Iowa-Digital Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps-accessed online, 7 Picture Credit State Library of Iowa-DigbI Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps-accessed online. NPS 110.900.8 OMB No.1024.0018 (8A6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet sectionL Page 6 PropeHyname s1 h^wsCatholic CbzhHistoric District County and State Dubuque Iowa , r C Figure 9,Washington Neighborhood In1187 showing St.Mary's Inthe top left Inner.Yrewfrom Norlhwaso SITE NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION The 51, Mary's church,with Its 250•foot tower and spire, dominates the St. Mary's parish complex and the surrounding neighborhood. The Church is located on the northeast corner of E. 156 Street and White Street. The Rectory Is north of the Church and is connected to the church by an Interior passage hallway. The Jackson Street School is located on the northwest corner of E. 15"' Street and Jackson Street. The Jackson Street School is directly east of the Church, The Convent is directly north of the Jackson Street School and east of the Rectory, A driveway bisects the block and runs north and south over the entire block from 15" Street north to 16" Street, Another driveway enters the block from Jackson Street 8 Picture Credit: Centel kr Dubuque History,Loras College,Dubuque,Iowa NPS Fora 10-90Ca DMB No.1024-0018 (BI United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 7 Propenyname S1, Mary's Catholic Church HistorlcDlstrict County and State Dubuque, Iowa between the Jackson Street School and the Convent Most of the surface of the site not occupied by buildings is paved in asphalt. There is minor landscaping between most of the buildings in the district and the sidewalk right•of way, There Is a parking lot on the northeast corner of the block directly north of the convent Awhite vinyl fence on the Jackson Street and 16th Street boundaries surrounds the parking lot, A moveable metal gate separates the parking lot from the rest of the site, The date of the Installatlon of the gate and fence Is unknown, but they appear to be recent and not historic. Adjacent on all sides of the district boundaries,there are residential properties. White Street on the west side of the district is a one-way street that comprises the northbound lane of US, Highway 52. CHURCH NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION-EXTERIOR OVERVIEW The St Mary's Church was originally constructed between 1864 and 1867, The 1884 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map (Figure 10) shows the original plan of the church. Figures 11 and 12 show the original appearance of the front(south)and west facades of the church, 484 2 i tt I CIS QpI ,w11 ' II M�'I . e.. No are 10,Church Detall,Sanborn Fire Figua 11.St,May's Church a 1867.Frootfaade 10 Figure ia.stMary's church a 1897,11haatFaade11 InsurantoMap,Dubuqua,lease 18849 The Church is a Gothic Revival building, rectangular in plan with a gable roof. The principal fa;ade is the 9 Picture'CredIt Lonny of Congress: born 01 10 Picture Cred It: Samuel Root Stereograph Collection of PauIJuhl,Iowa City,Iowa. 11 Picture Credit Samuel Root Stereograph Collection of Paulhhl,Iowa City,Iowa. NPS Form 1MOOa OMB No 1024 Ie-es) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 8 _ Properlyname St. Mary's CalhohCChurch HlstoreDisidd County and state Dubuque Iowa south fa4ade facing 15" Street. The rower is located at the center of the front fagade of the Church and rises 252 feet to the top of the cross. The sacrisrylvestry addition on the north fa;ade of the Church, Is also rectangular In plan, with a hip roof, There are two entry vestibule additions each on the east and west facades of the Church. Thefour vestibules are rectangular in plan with gable roofs. The northeast vestibule also contains an elevator accessing the basement and the main floor of the Church, Two confessional chapel additions Flank the tower/spire and are half-octagonal in plan. The confessional chapels have cross-gable roofs. The structural system of the church rests on a limestone block foundation. The basement walls are limestone blacks that rest on the limestone foundation and protrude approximately 4 feet above grade. Load-bearing brick walls rest on the limestone basement walls. Buttresses support the brick walls and the tower and spire, During the 1911.1913 renovations, steel beams and steel columns were added to the north side of the basement to be able to support the expanded chancel. The roof is a side gable roof running north/south, with the gables on the north and south facades of the building. Massive timber scissor trusses support the roof over the nave and chancel During the 1911-1913 renovations, steel reinforcements were added to the timber trusses and brick arches over the chancel. Timber trusses also comprise the structure of the spire. The spire is sheathed in sheet metal believed to be tin or zinc. The structural systems of the additions are also limestone foundation with brick walls supported by buttresses. CHURCH NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION-EXTERIOR FACADES South Facade The front fa;ade of the church has S bays; A center bay that comprises the tower and spire, two bays flanking the center bay that comprise the confessional chapels and two outer bays that comprise the entry vestibules on the east and west facades of the church, The 25 feet wide center bay protrudes approximately 25 feet from the main faSade of the Church. Buttresses on the corners of the center bay rise to the clock level of the tower and are topped by limestone caps. The main entrance to the church is through double doors at the ground level of the center bay. The first approximately four feet of the front fa;ade is comprised of limestone block capped by a limestone water table. The limestone block of the center bay is likely a varlety of limestone that is local to the Dubuque area. Above the limestone block,the fagde is comprised of red load-bearing brick in a common bond pattern;with a header course every sixth row. NP8 Form 10410k nMB No. 10244018 IBaBI United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectlon7 Page 9 Propedyname St. Merv'sCatholic Church HistorlcDlslrld County and State Dubuque, Iowa Double limestone columns on limestone pedestals flank the main entrance in the center bay the front facade. The limestone columns have Corinthian capitals. The main double doors are bronze 3-panel doors with a fleur-de-IIs bas-relief In the center of each top panel, A pointed arch window with gothic tracery tops the double doors. A false gable with limestone cross at its peak tops the pointed arch main door opening. One level above the limestone cross is a single pointed arch window. One level above the pointed arch window is a rose window with a semicircular arch window hood, Two levels above the rose window is the clock with a black face, white roman numerals and white hands. The clock has a rectangular hood with limestone details. Above the clock Is a corbelled brick decorative arcade of 6 gothic pointed arches. The next level of the tower Is the belfry level, The center of the belfry level has a dormer with a gothic pointed arch louvered window, The louvers are scalloped and painted white. Flanking the dormer are pressed metal octagonal turrets painted black with white gothic tracery accents, The turrets have tent pressed metal roofs topped by gothic finials. The flanking turrets are connected to the dormer by white painted decorative flying buttresses. The belfry level is the top of the brick tower and terminates with a gable. The octagonal tent roof of the spire begins at the top ofthe belfry level of the tower. The spire is covered with pressed metal roofing. The pressed metal Is painted black and accented by white painted gothic traceryhrlm. There are dormers/vents with louvered pointed arch openings on the bottom level of the spire and smaller dormers with ventedllouvered polnted arch openings 113rd and 213rds of the way to the top of the spire, At the top of the spire is agold Latin cross atop a half-moon crescent. The two bays flanking the center bay of the front fagade are approximately 22 feet wide and protrude approximately 20 feet from the main fegade. The two flanking bays comprise the two confessional chapels. The first approximately four feet of each flanking bay is comprised of limestone block, likely Ind lana limestone, The remainder of the each flanking bay Is load-bearing red brick in a common bond pattern with limestone accents, The front fa4adeofeach chapel has ablank center bay with acorbelled brick arcade of 3 pointed arches at the top. Flanking the center bay of each chapel are two pointed arch windows. The chapel additions have copper gutters and downspouts. Above the center bay is a gable with an oculus window in the center. A pressed metal gothic trefoil tops the gable.Above the roofline of each flanking bay Is a large pointed arch windowthatis on the frontfarade of the original church, These windows were larger in the original construction but were shortened when the confessional chapels were added. Buttresses with a pyramidal cap support the corners of the bays flanking the center bay of the front fapde. NPs Form 109004 OMB No.107+•0018 (ass) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 10 Property name $1 Mary's Catholic Church Nlef Qistdo County and State Dubuoue Iowa The side entry vestibule bays of the front facade are comprised of materials similar to the other bays of the frontfapde, Each side bay contains two bronze doors similar to the main doors In the center bay of thefromfaSade. Each entry vestibule addition has copper gutters and downspout. East/West Facades The east and west facades of the Church each have 10 bays. The approximately first four feet of each facade Is limestone block with the remainder of each fagade consisting of load-bearing brick In a common bond pattern with limestone accents, The first bay on the south side of the Church on either faSade contains the chapel on the first floor and the tower rising several floors above. The chapel level has three pointed arch windows with the center window slightly wider and taller than the two flanking windows. Above the center window is an oculus window. The chapel level terminates with a gable topped by a gold cross. The description for the tower Is similar to that for the front faSade,except that at the level of the rose window on the front facade, there are two identical pointed arch windows on the east and west facades of the tower rather than the rose window. On the east faSade of the tower there is also a protruding turret for the spiral staircase leading to the attic of the church. The turret has three windows,one each at varying levels. The next 7 bays north of the first (south) bay of the east and west facades of the Church comprise the nave of the Church. Buttresses divide each bay. A large gothic pointed arch window is in the center of each bay. There is a stringcourse of limestone above each window and corbelled brick detailing above each stringcourse. Below each gothic pointed arch window are two small rectangular basement windows In the limestone block. It is likely that the basement windows were larger and extended below the surface into window wells because there is evidence in the basement that the basement windows below the surface were filled In at some point, Entryvestlbulesare located inthe 211and 811bays onthe east and west facades. The entry vestibule in the 21d bay has three pointed arch windows, the center window being wider and taller than the flanking windows. The entry vestibule in the 811 bay hasjust one pointed arch window. The entry vestibules terminate In a gable topped by a pressed metal trefoil, Large lancet windows are above the entry vestibules. These windows were originally full size, but were shortened when the entry vestibules were added, The lancet window above the vestibule in the 81h bay Is narrower than the other lancet windows. The SO bay is wider than the other bays and comprises the depth of the chancel. The roof above the 2nd through 9ih bays has 8 triangular louvered metal dormers spaced evenly. These appear to be decorative only, The 10'h and final bay is the sacrlstylvestryaddition, On the West faSade, the 101 bay has just one rectangular window. On the East faSade, there is a rectangular window and an entry door on the right side of the bay. NPS Form 1000-a OMB No.1024,0018 (6.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 11 Properlyname St MaldsCadsollcChurch Historic District CountyandSlale Dubuoue Iowa North Facade The North facade originally had 3 bays, the center bay being the chancel of the church and the flanking bays being the sacristylvestry for the church. Buttresses separated the bays. When the sacristylvestry was added, the 3 bays were obscured. The sacristy has Just one bay, with a connecting passageway to the rectory to the north. Church AdditionslAlteratlons Between 1911 and 1913, the parish remodeled and redecorated the Church, building the sacristylvestry addition to the north of the chancel,two confessional chapels on either side of the tower, four entrance vestibules and widening the chancel. The 1952 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map (Figure 13) shows the plan of the church after the 191111913 renovations. It Is roughohe plan of the Church,as it exists today, In the early 1990s,the parish constructed an elevator addition to the north of the northeast vestibule of the church. a , , 1� �I Sr.91RAY$ �naaa,a AvnMNwaa I Flaunt IS,Churth Datall:Sanborn pro losuraw Map,Dubugw,lowo,19511° 12 Picture Credit, State Library of Iowa-Digital Sanborn Fire insurance Maps-accessed online, NPS Forte 10-90De DMB No.Iomo18 (me) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectlon 7 Page 12 Properlyname ai uar1 sCatholic Church Historic Dlsnd CounlyandSlate Dubuque Iowa CHURCH NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION—INTERIOR The Interior of the church has a basement,a main Floor,and an open choir loft one story above the main floor over the south 114'^ of the main floor. There Is an attic above the main Floor containing the roof truss system for the main portion of the church. The tower also has approximately 6r7 levels, including the ground and the belfry level, Above the belfry level Is the roof truss system supporting the roof of the spire. Basement The floor plan of the basement is shown as Figure 14. ST.MARTS CHURCH,DUBUOUa.IOWA 1 1 1 0 R R Y 1 1 1 R 1 a 1 M,m+ntnn a x RBum%B,Mery'dhudH aemmentPIa3J3nuary2D1i' 13 Drawing Credit. Daniel O'Brien,Chicago,Illinois. NPS F07l 10.1 OMB No10244101e (B-BB) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 13 Property name St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District County and State Dubuque Iowa The basement Is mostly unimproved, with din floor, exposed timber piers and beams and limestone supporting walls. The limestone walls have rectangular windows on both the east and west facades. The windows as originally extended below ground level, with window wells on the exterior of the building. However, those window wells and window openings have been filled in. Approximately 1/3i1 of the basement on the north side has been Improved. It contains kitchen space, meeting rooms, a large multipurpose space,a men's and women's bathroom and roomsforthe building's mechanicals, MOM ST MARYS CHURCH,DUBUQUE,100 I 0 0 0 0 0 e ell 0 ip 0 0 0 0 I F k Fha Fbd Pno Flyunt5. St.Marys Church Main Floor Plan knury,201L1' The main floor is divided into 4 distinct areas. The plan of the Main Floor Is shown as Figure 15, above, 14 Drawing Credit; Daniel O'Brien,Chicago,Illinois. NPS Fon,IHI)k OMB No 1024-0018 (me) United States Department of the Interior National Park Servioe National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet SectIon7 Page 14 Propedyname St. Marys Catholic Church Historic District Coumyand State Dubuque Iowa The north approximately 15 feet of the church contains the sacristy on the west side and the vestry on the east side. It Is decorated plainly. The sacristy contalnstwo rectangular stained glass windows,one on the west wall and one on the north wall. The door leading to the passageway to the Rectory is also on the north wall of the sacristy. The vestry contains one rectangular stained glass window on the east wall. The chancel Is directly south of the sacristy and can be entered through a door directly In the center of the chancel north wall. The chancel Is approximately 30 feet deep from north to south and Is raised approximately 5 steps above the floor of the remainder of the sanctuary. The floor is comprised mostly of white porcelain tile with colored accent borders. The treads and risers of the steps are Carrara marble. The chancel is characterized by the 35-foot mural of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the north wall of the chancel, the Gothic arch spanning the south side of the chancel, the fan vaulting covering the center of the chancel,and the ribbed arch vaulted ceiling Parking the center of the chancel. The chancel is also characterized by the intricately decorated painting and stenciling of the north wall and the fan vaulted ceiling. There are two large pointed arch stained glass windows,one on either side of the chancel,fabricated bythe FX Zettler Company of Munich Germany. The nave extends approximately 115 feet to the south of the chancel. The fan vaulting of the center chancel ceiling is continued into the center ceiling of the nave. The vaulting Is supported by 6 colonnettes on each side of the nave. Corinthian capitals top the colonnettes.The vaulting is painted in deep red/crimson. Murals of adoring and praying angels adorn the center vaulting, as well as intricate stencil painting. Between the fan vaulting are false clerestory windows each with a mosaic cross and elaborate stencil borders. The peak of the ceiling where the fan vaulting Intersects is accented by hanging gothlcfinials. The Poor is covered by low-pile red carpet. Gothic pointed arch ribbed vaulted ceilings top the two side aisles of the nave. The side walls and side aisle cellings are elaborately stenciled. Side entrances for the church are located on the north and south ends of the nave, on both the east and west sides of the nave. Above the entrances on the north side of the nave are two pointed arch windows that are narrower than the other pointed arch windows on either sideofthenave. Between each window on the exterior walls of the nave Is a large, oll on canvas painting that has been attached directly to the wall. There are fourteen paintings in all. Twelve ofthem are on the exterior walls and two of them flank the south entrance to the nave. Each painting represents one Catholic Station of the Cross, Each station is labeled in the English language with a painted banner underneath each painting. There are eight large windows in the chancel and nave. Four of the windows were shortened when the south entrance vestibules and confessional chapels were added. The remaining twelve large stained NP$Porn 10-90N OR No. 1074-0018 (a.88) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 15 Properly name St. Mary's CelhollcChurch Historic District County and State Dubuque, Iowa glass windows depict scenes from the life of St. Mary in chronological order. Beginning with the west wall of the chancel, and moving south, the windows depict the following: iJ The Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to the Temple;2.) The Annunciation by the Angel Gabriel; 3,) The Marriage of Mary and Joseph;4)The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Elizabeth;S.I The Nativity;6.1 The Presentation of Jesus to the Temple;7J The Flight of the Holy Family to Egypt;8.) Finding Jesus in the Temple;9.)The Holy Family at Naza reth; 10.)The Wedding Feast at Cana; 11.)St.May and the Resurratted Christ, 12.)The Dormiflon of St. Mary. South of the nave, two confessional chapels flank the center main entrance to the church, The confessional chapels are half octagons, The south walls of the chapels are blank with lancet windows flanking the blank wall, The east chapel has triptych windows on the east wall and the west chapel has triptych windows on the west wall. Each window contains an angel holding symbols of Christ's passion, The ceiling in both chapels has groin vaulting with decorative plaster details. The peak of the south wall contains an oculus window. The peak of the east wall of the east chapel and the peak of the west wall of the west chapel also has an oculus window, The floors are covered with the same low-pile red carpet that covers the floor in the nave. Porcelain tile similar to the chancel floor is visible under the carpet. The first approximately 3 feet of the nave and chancel walls are covered with woad wainscot paneling, All of the interior dDON are wood with gothic tracery and nim. Most of the wood wainscot and trim has a clear coat,though some of it has been painted. One floor above the south end of the nave is the choir loft. The underside of the choir loft is finished In wood millwork with gothic tracery. The choir loft slopes gently upward to the south wall of the nave. The center of the choir loft contains the console and organ cabinet for the 1810 Hook Pipe Organ. Flanking each side of the organ are areas for additional seating. Tower The main entrance to the church is on the south fagde in the center ofthetowerat street level. Steps on the Interior of the tower rise to the main level of the Church. On thewest slde ofthetoweris a stairway that leads to the choir loft. On the northeast east side of the tower on the main floor is a pointed arch door that leads to a spiral staircase the goes down to the basement of the Church as well as rises to the choir loft and the attic of the Church. Directly to the south of the center of the choir loft is the second level of the tower. It contains a storage area and the blower for the pipe organ, The south, east and west walls each contain one lancet stained NPS Form 10-90N OMB No.1a34-0e1a (B-M) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Shoot Section 7 Page 16 Propedyname St Mars Catholic Church HlatoricDistdot CounlyandState Dubuque Iowa glass window, Above the second level storage area in the tower is the third level storage area. The south wall of the third level storage area contains a large rose window. The east and west walls of the third level storagearea containtwln lancetwlndows. The fourth level of the tower contains the mechanism for the automatic bell ringer, Additionally the entrance to the attic over the nave of the church is on the north wall of the fourth level. The fifth level of the tower contains the clack faces and the clock mechanism, A dockface is on each face ofthe tower, The sixth level of the tower is the belfry.The belfry contains 3 bells. CONVENT NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION-ERTERIOROVERVIEW The convent was built in 1870, Arepresentative Floor plan (First Flood ofthe Convent Isshown inFigure 16. The Convent was built as a vernacular house, with elements of I•House architectural design. The building's massing consists of 3 floors and a full basement. The Convent Is rectangular in plan,with the porch addition protruding from the west facade. The east and west facades of the building have 3 bays, The north and south facades consist of one bay each. St won CONVINT DuldquE,AM Qb.w�rrowJ `P + r mulwrdae PlgunlaSt.M1Mry'4CanruntlMedeNouwlnrrtrluorPMn�Anuery,Se1L° 15 Drawing Credit Daniel O'Bden,Chicago,Illinois. NPS Form 10.1i OMB No.1824.0018 (8.08) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 17 Property name St. Mary's Catholic Church HistorloDal County and State Dubucue, lowe The structural system of the original building rests on a limestone block foundation.The basement walls are limestone blocks that rest on the limestone foundation and protrude approximately 3 feet above grade, load-bearing brick walls rest on the limestone basement walls. The roof Is a side gable roof running north/south, with the gables on the north and south facades of the budding, The stairwell is located In thecenterbay in the centerofthe building. CONVENT NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION-EXTERIOR FACADES East Facade The principal fa;ade of the Convent is the east fa4ade that faces Jackson Street. A black metal fence at sidewalk level spans the width of the East fa4ade. The fence appears to be historic, The East faSade is comprised of three bays, with the historic main single door entrance in the center bay. The first three vertical feet of the fa;ade is comprised of the limestone block of the basement walls. The remaining fa4adeisredbrickinacommonbondpattern. Thereisaheadercourseofbrickseveryeightrows. The trim, soffit and fascia of the Convent are white and most likely alurnhumlvinyl or wood clad In aluminum/vinyl The windows are wood replacement windows to replicate the original windows. The single door historic main entrance to the Convent is located in the center bag A brick segmental arch tops the opening for the main entrance, The main door Is approximately three feet above grade, A cement stoop with Iron railing leads to the main door. A non-historic decorative railing has been Installed In front of the door because the door Is no longer in use. The door is white with a 12-pane divided light window In the upper half ofthe window. There aretwo sidelights flanking the door, Above the door is a transom window, The window trim is painted white. On the second floor of the center bay is a single window, The sill Is limestone and the window heads are double rowlock segmental arches, The windows are six over six double hung, The window on the third floor of center bay is Identical to the window on the second floor,except that it Is slightly smaller. The bays of the front faode flanking the center bay have Identical fenestration. There are windows, spaced evenly, on each of the first, second and third floors. The windows are identical except that the windows on the first floor are larger than the windows on the second floor and the windows on the second floor are larger than the windows on the third floor. These windows have limestone sills and heads comprised ofdouble rowlock segmental arches.The windows are six over six double hung. The basementwall hastwo windows d1rectly under the flrstfloor windows on each outer bay, Haffofthe NP8 FM 104004 OMB No.10240018 (We) United States Department of the Interior National park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section--L— Page 18 Pmpertyname StMary'$Catholic Church Historic plstrict County and State Dubuque Iowa windows are below grade and are placed in window wells, The basement window heads are segmental arches. The windows are six over six double hung West Facade The west fagade of the building has a description Identical to the Jackson Street fagde, except that the porch addition covers the north bay and the center bay. There Is a fire escape leading from a window on the third floor to the roof of the porch addition and a stairway leading to the ground from the roof of the stair addition, There Is a handicapped ramp that leads from the surface of the parking lot to the entrance ofthe porch addition, South Faced e The south fayade ofthe building facing the Jackson Street School Is comprised of one bay, The first three vertical feet of the fagade is comprised of the limestone block of the basement walls, The remaining fa4ade is red brick in common bond pattern. There Is a header course of bricks every eight rows. There are three windows,spaced evenly, on each of the three floors. The windows are identical except that the windows on the first floor are larger than the windows on the second floor and the windows on the second floor are larger than the windows on the third floor. These windows have limestone sills and heads comprised of double rowlock segmental arches. The basement wall has two windows directly underthe first floorwindows. Halfof the windows are below grade and are placed in windowwells. The basement window heads are segmental arches. The wlndowsare six over six double hung, In the center of the gable there is a louvered vent. The head of the vent isa double rowlock segmental arch. North The north fagade of the Convent has a description identical to the south fa4ade. Description of Physical Appearance—floof The roof is a gable roof with asphalt shingles observed from the ground. There is one dormer over the center bay of the east faOde. Chimneys and vents protrude through the west portion of the roof. NP8 Farm 10.600.6 OMB No 10244018 (&a8) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 19 Property name St Mary's Catholic Church Historic0lslrid County and State Dubucue. lowa Convent—Exterior AddltionslAlterations There have been a few changes to the exterior of the Convent outside of the period of significance. The original building had two and a half stories In 1927 a third story was constructed so that it is now three and a half storles. The most visible addition to the building was the enclosure of the porch on the west side (rear) of the building. The date of the enclosure Is unknown, but it is believed to have been done sometime In the mid 201 Century. The original piers of the porch were used as the dividing walls for the addition. The facade material of the enclosed porch between the brick piers Is vinyl siding with 6 over 6 vinyl double hung windows. JACKSON STREET SCHOOL NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION-EXTERIOR OVERVIEW The St. Mary's Jackson Street School was built in 1874. It was built in the Romanesque Revival style of architecture. A representative Floor Plan (First Floor)of the Jackson Street School Is shown as Figure 17. ST MARY'S JACKSON STREET SCHOOL WE w, anweMoany m,uman i nmicmlwrW tle,nom FlatHoorPlan N w Fllr=17. St.Moo Jeckson StrwlSchool First Floor then•Januery2012P 16 Drawing Credit: Daniel O'Brien,Chicago,Illinois. uPsram 1a90aa oMa No.10244DIS (646( United Slates Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet section 7 Page 20 Propertyname $iMardsCathorQChurch Historic Distrld County and State Dubuque Iowa — A small two-story addition was added to the northwest corner of the building In 1969, The original building is rectangular in plan and measures approximately 80 feet In length (north/south), approximately 54 feet in width,approximately 44 feet to the eaves of the roof and approximately 60 Net to the peak of the gabled roof. The addition is also rectangular in plan and measures approxlmately 40 feet in length (northlsouthl, approximately 20 feet in width and approximately 20 feet In height. The original building's massing consists of 3 floors,afull basementand a partial sub-basement located in the northwest quadrant of the original building. The east and west facades of the building have 3bays; an approximately 14 feet wide center bay that protrudes 21 inches from the main faSade and two bays approximately 38 feet wide that Flank center bay. The north and south facades consist of one bay each. The addition is attached directly to the west fa4ade of the original building and its massing consists of 2 floors. The structural system of the original building rests on a limestone block foundation.The basement walls are limestone blocks that rest on the limestone foundation and protrude approximately 3 feet above grade, Load-bearing brick walls rest on the limestone basement walls. On each comer of the building, there are square brick piers 21 incheswidethat rise to the height ofthe eavesofthe roof, During the 20a century,the boiler room was moved from the basement to the firstloor. At that time,steel columns and reinforced concrete beams were added to the north side of the basement to be able to support the weight of the boilers on the first floor. The roof is a side gable roof running northlsouth,with the gables on the north and south facades of the building. Massive timber trusses support the roof. The two stairwells in the original building are located within the center bays on the east and west sides of the building, The structural system of the addition Is cement block with brick veneer, The south and west portions of the addition rest on a slab foundation. The north 28 feet and the east 9 feet of the addition sits over the original building's basement protruding west of the original building. JACKSON STBEET SCHOOL NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION- EXTERIOR FACADES East and West Facades The principal faSade of the St.Mary's Jackson Street School is the east faSade that faces Jackson Street It Is comprised of three bays,with the double door entrance in the renter bay. The first three vertical feet of the faSade is comprised of the limestone block of the basement walls. The remaining faSade is red brick In a common bond pattern. There is a header course of bricks every eight rows, At each end of the bode there are square brick piers 20 inches thick (4 wythes of brick) that rise three stories to the roof line. The piers protrude approximately four inches from the principal wall faSade, Between the first and second Floors on the two outer bays, there Is a band of six rows of corbelled brick that run horizontally NPs Form AMU Olde No.1024.0418 (a-sa) United States Department of the Interior National Pat Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section T Page 21 Properlyname St, Mary's Catholic ChurOHistoric DisMct County and State Dubuque ma between the outer piers and the side walls of the center protruding bay, The effect of the protruding outer piers and the corbelled band of bricks Is to mimic the structural skeleton of the building. The principal wall fapde is approximately 16 Inches thick 14 wythes of brickl. The fapde of the outer two bays terminates at the top with a band of 8 rows of corbelled brick that runs from the outer piers to the side walls of the center protruding bay,the top 4 rows are covered with fascia board, most likely clad in aluminum,The center bay projects about a foot from the main wall fapde and rises three stories The fa4ade of the renter bay terminates at the top with a fascia board covering 4 rows of brick and Is topped by a pediment that forms a dormer in the roof. The trim, soffit and fascia ofthe pediment are most likely aluminum or wood clad in aluminum, The double door main entrance is located in the center bay. A brick segmental arch tops the opening for the main entrance. The double doors are approximately ten inches above grade and are recessed into the opening. Surrounding the double doors Is a wood paneled architrave approximately 8 inches wide and painted white. Each door Is hinged on the outside wooden doorjamb and opens out. There Is no center doorjamb, so the doors latch into each other when closed. The doors are white painted wood with five horizontal panels of equal size. Above each door is a transom window with fourvertical divided lights. The window trim is painted white. Above the transom doors Is a white painted wood spandrel with two horizon panels of equal size. Between the spandrel and the top segmental arch are two fixed windows with four divided lights. The window trim is painted white. On the second floor of the center bay is a pair of identical windows. The sills are limestone and the window heads are double rowlock segmental arches. The window surrounds are wood and the windows are four over four double hung.The windows on the third floor of the center bay are a pair of identical windows with limestone sllls and heads that are corbelled double rowlock semi-circular arches, Allofthe windows on the third Floor are covered with painted plywood. However,an Interior investigation reveals that the window surrounds are wood and the windows are four over four double hung. It Is unknown whether the windows are operable. The window in the arch is a half moon window with a vertical munti n dividing the window in two. The bays of the front fapde flanking the center bay have Identical fenestration. There are three Identical windows,spaced evenly, on each of the first and second Floors,These windows have limestone sills and heads comprised of double rowlock segmental arches. The window surrounds are wood and the windows are four over four double hung, The wood appears to be original. The exterior of the windows are covered with aluminum combination storm windows. The basement wall has two windows directly over the outer windows on each bay. Most of the windows are below grade. The basement window heads are segmental arches and are covered with painted plywood. The composition ofthe windows is NPS Form 10,900 a OMB No,1029018 ("S) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 22 Property name St. Mary sCatholic Church HistojcNtrlct County and State Cubucue Iowa unknown. On the third floor of each flanking bay, there are three identical windows,spaced evenly with limestone sills and heads that are corbelled double rowlock semi-circular arches, Allofthewindowson the third floor are covered with painted plywood. However, an interior Investigation reveals that the window surrounds arewood and the windows are four over four double hung. Thewindow inthearch is a half moon windowwith avertical muntin dividing the window in two West Facad The west fa;ade of the building has a description Identical to the Jackson Street fagade, except that the 1967 addition covers the entry door in the center bay and three of the first floor windows: the window closest to the center bay on the right bay and the two windows closest to the center bay on the left bay. The far left window opening of the left bay Is visible, but has been boarded from the inside. There is no wl ndow visible in the opening. South Facade The fagade that faces 19 Street Is the south facade. It is comprised of one bay. The first three vertical feet of the fapde Is comprised of the limestone block ofthe basement walls. The remaining faSade is red brick in a common bond pattern. There is a header course of bricks every eight rows. At each end of the faSade there are square brick piers 20 inches thick(4 wyahes of brick)that rise three stories to the bottom ofthe roof gable. The piers protrude approximately four Inches from the principal wall fa4ade. Between the first and second floors,there Is a band of six rows of corbelled brick running horizontally between the two piers. Approximately every twelve feet,there Is a corbelled brick"T*underneath the horizontal band. Above the third floor, there is another band of six rows of corbelled brick running horizontally between the two piers where the piers meet the bottom of the roof gable, Approximately every twelve feet,there is a corbelled brick inverted step pyramid underneath the horizontal band. Where the 6;ade meets the slope of the roof, there are corbelled rows of brick that continue a step pattern to the peak of the gable. The effect of the protruding outer piers and the corbelled band of bricks is to mimic the structural skeleton of the building. The principal wall fa;ade is approximately 16 inches thick(4 wythes of brick). Where the brick meets the roof slope,a fascia board meets the eave soffit and gable molding. The soffit, fascia and molding are most likely aluminum or wood clad with aluminum. Approximately S feet below the peak of the roof Is a corbelled brick design in the shape of a Greek cross. Where the brick end piers meet the bottom of the gable,the gable molding returns In the typical Greek Revival manner. The gable return is most likely aluminum or wood clad with aluminum. There are four identical windows, spaced evenly, on each of the first and second floors.These windows have limestone sills and heads comprised of double rowlock segmental arches. The window surrounds NPS Rim 10.900¢ OMB No 1024-0018 (aaa) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 23 Propenyname St MarvsCalholicChurohHistoro0islricl County and State Dubuaue. lowa are wood and the windows are four over four double hung, The wood appears to be original. The exterior of the windows are covered with aluminum combination storm windows. The basement wall has two windows directly under the two center windows on the first floor. The basement windows are mostly below grade. The basement window heads are segmental arches and are covered with painted plywood. The composition of the windows is unknown, On the third floor, there are four Identical windows, spaced evenly, with limestone sills and heads that are corbelled double rowlock semicircular arches. All of the windows on the third floor are covered with painted plywood, However, an interior investigation reveals that the window surrounds are wood and the windows are four over four double hung, The window In the arch Is a half moon window with a vertical muntin dividing the window in two. In the center of the gables there Is a pair of identical windows with limestone sills and heads that are corbelled double rowlock semicircular arches. Flanking the semicircular arched windows are two oculus windows. All of the windows in the gable are covered with painted plywood, Because of limited access to the attic, it is unknown whetherthe windows exist behind the plywood, Steel fire escapes are attached to the fapde between the center windows on the first and second floors, North The north far,ade of the building facing the Convent has a descriptlon identical to the 19 Street facade, except that the second window from the right on the first floor has been removed and replaced with a double steel door, The rlght-mostwindow has been removed and bricked aver. Description of Physical Appearance-goof The roof Is a gable roof with asphalt shingles observed from the ground. There are dormers connecting the roof over the center bays of the east and west facades, A rectangular chimney protrudes through the roof at the center of the building, Roof vents also penetrate the roof at various points. Jackson Street School-Exterior Additions/Alterations There have been a few changes to the exterior of the school over the years, none of which significantly affect the integrity of the overall building. There were water closets protruding from north side of the building on the basement level as shown In historic photos. Those were removed sometime in the 2011 century, The most visible addition to the building was the addition on the west side of the building in 1967. The principal fagade of the addition is the west facade. It is one bay with the entrance on the right side of the NPS For 10.9004 nna W.1c24-0018 Js•ae1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section—L. Page 24 Properryname StMary's Catholic Churgh HistOdC Dlefh0t County and State Dubuque Iowa bay. The fafade material is red brick veneer In a stretcher band pattern. The steel double doors are recessed Into the door opening. Asteel spandrel panel above the door divides the door opening and the window opening above. The window is a single pane,fixed window. The header of the window Is a segmental arch. The addition was designed with a corbelled brick band that connectswith thecorbelled brick band between the first and second floors of the original building. The north and south facades of the addition have the same materials as the west fa4ade, There are identical bands of awning windows on the flrst and second floors of both facades. The roof of the addition is flat with an unknown material, most likely tolled asphalt. JACKSON STREET SCHOOL NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION—INTERIOR The interior of the original building has three stories above the basement The floor plan of the basement is divided roughly into half, with a brick wall running north south to provide support for the Floors above. The ceiling height in most of the basement Is approximately 10 feet, The building's heating plant was located in the northwest quadrant of the basement. There Is a sub basement in that quadrant approximately 26 feet long, 21 feet wide and 10 feet deep, The bollers and other heating equipment were located In the sub basement. The sub basement and former boiler room are now currently empty, The basement extends approximately 10 feet west of the building line on the northwest 28 feet of the building, The three floors above the basement each have nearly Identical floor plans. Each floor has a central hall that runs east and west. Each hall is approximately 12 feet wide. The two stairways in the building are located at each end of the hall. Four rooms of equal size are on each floor and are accessed directly from the hall. The classrooms are each approximately 31.5 feet long by 25.5 feet wide. The telling heights are all approximately 14 feet. The floor coverings are either nine-Inch asbestos the or low plle carpet. The ceilings In the hall and classrooms are embossed metal. Drop ceilings have hidden some of the embossed metal ceilings In some of the classrooms. The classroom walls are lath and plaster. In mostof the classrooms,the lower 3.4 feet of the walls has wood wainscot. Most of the wainscot on the fist and second floors has been painted. The wainscot on the classroom walls on the third floor is natural wood with a clear coat. The classroom doors are 4 panel doors that have been painted, Each classroom door has a transom above, The third floor has two small rooms at the top of the stairway that was likely used for offices or small classroom space. When the school was built in 1874, the entire third floor was one large assembly hall. Sometime in the NPS Form 10.900•a OMB Na.1024611B (&06) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 15 Propedyname St, Mary's Catholic Church HistoricDlatrld County and State Dubuque, Iowa early 1900s, the third floor was converted to four classrooms and the embossed metal ceiling was installed. The original plaster ceiling for the assembly hall still exists above the embossed metal ceiling on the third floor. Painted on the ceiling are sophisticated floral medallions and stencils. There Is also evidence of stenciling on the upper walls of the assembly hall between the embossed metal ceiling and the plaster ceiling. The 1969 addition contains boys' and girls' restrooms, as well as a Janitor closet on the first floor. The second floor oftheadditlon contains ateachers' lounge,teachers restroom and storage space. RECTORY NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION•OVERVIEW 7 MARS FECTONY,o u6lqu I,IOWA I r, a finif�aa,Baa Flilurel8, SL Mao Wary FlrMFloor Plan January,ae11" 17 Drawing credit, Daniel D'Srteo,Chli Illlnols, NPS Form 10•DOna OMS No.1024-0018 (arse) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section.L. Page 2_ Property name StMarv's CatholicChurch bIIIbnlcDistrict County and State Dubuque Iowa The Rectory is a home built in the Second Empire style of architecture. A representative Floor Plan (First Floor) is shown as Figure 18 (above), The date of the construction of the Rectory is unknown, Parish histories state that the Rectory was built in 1868, Shortly after the Church was constructed. However, Sanborn Fire Insurance maps from 1891 (Figure 191 show that the plan for the Rectory was completely different than the current plan. The birdseye map of Dubuque from 1872 (Figure 3) shows that the Rectory was a house with a cross-gable roof. The current rectory has a mansard roof. The 1909 Sanborn map (Figure 20) shows the Rectory in Its current plan (the garage was added sometime prior to 1952). Therefore, it is estimated that the Rectory was built in the late 1890s or early 1900s. While the main portion of the Rectory Is in the Second Empire style of Architecture,the rear portion of the Rectory (often referred to as the Housekeeper's Quarters) is plain,with no apparent style, }y 54 aJ w ... N r 1 a Pries III o is ngurel9, Factory Deal:46ornAre Ins,Map,Whipe, AlI189111 Futfo ,FectoryDepll: SanbomFlit IN.Map,Dubuqu41A,.1909° The Rectory's massing consists of 3 floors and a full basement The main portion of the Rectory is in a T plan, with the front facade facing White Street being the top of the T and the north faSade facing 16m Street being the leg of the T. The Housekeeper's Quarters extends from the east portlon of the Rectory and is rectangular in plan. The structural system of the original building rests on a limestone block foundation.The basement walls are limestone blocks that rest on the limestone foundation. Load-bearing brick walls rest on the IB Picture Credit State library of Iowa-Dig@al Sanborn Fire insurance Maps-accessed online. 19 Picture Credit.State library of Iowa-Dignal Sanborn nre Insurance Meps-accessed online, NPS Form 10-9001 OMB No.1024-0018 IaaSi United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 27 Property name Si. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District CountyandSlate Dubuque. lows limestone basement walls.The roof on the main portion of the Rectory is mansard roof. The roof on the Housekeepers Quarters is a flat roof. RECTORY NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION—Exterior Facades/Fenestration WestFacada The principal fagade of the Rectory Is the west fagade that faces White Street. Itis comprised of three bays,with the historic main single door entrance In the center bay. The limestone block basement walls are not visible on the west fagade. The limestone water table Is the only portion of the basement visible on the west fagade. The remaining fagade is red brick in a stretcher bond pattern, There is no apparent headercourse. The fagade has limestone accents, The double door main entrance is located in the center bay, Fluted limestone pilasters flank the main doors, A classical limestone pedlment tops the main door opening. The double doors are approximately ten inches above grade and are recessed Into the opening. Surrounding the double doors is a wood paneled architrave approximately 12 inches wide and finished in a clear coat. Each door is hinged on the outside wooden doorjamb and opens out. There is no center doorjamb, so the doors latch Into each other when closed. The doors are natural stained wood finished with a cleat coat, The bottoms of the doors are paneled. The tops of the doors have leaded glass single pane windows. Above the twodoorsis a transom window. On the second floor of the center bay is a single window. The sill is limestone and the window heads are limestone lintels decoratively inscribed, The windows are one over one double hung. Above the second Roar window is a pressed metal cornice. Above the cornice is the mansard roof. The center bay of the mansard roof has a one over one double hung window directly above the window on the second Floor. The window has wood frame and is topped by wood pedlment. The bays of the front fagade flanking the center bay have identical fenestration, There are two windows, spaced evenly, on each of the first and second floors. These windows have limestone sills and heads Identical to the window on the second floor of the center bay, The windows are one over one double hung. Between the windows on the second floor and the mansard level,there is a pressed metal cornice. There are two windows on the mansard level of the flanking bays that are identical to the mansard window in the center bay. The mansard roof is covered with slate files. At one time there was decorative Ironwork at the crest of the mansard roof,but that has since disappeared. NPS Foam 10-90k OMB No 1020018 (mc) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 28 Property name St Mary's Catholic Church HistorlcDislrict County and State Mucus, Iowa North Faade The north fagade of the Rectory has 3 bays.The limestone block basement walls are partially visible on the north fagade. The remalning fagade is red brick in a stretcher bond pattern. There is no apparent headercourse, The fapde has limestone accents, The western most bay of the north fagade has fenestration similar to the Banking bays on the west facade. The middle bay of the north fagade has two evenly placed tripartite windows on the first level, These widows have limestone sills and heads comprised of segmental arches. Decoratively carved wooden pilasters separate the tripartite windows. The transoms above the tripartite windows have clear leadedglass, Above each of the arched windows on the second and third floors are one over one double hung windows similar to the other windows previously described. The eastern most bay is the Housekeeper's quarters. Thefagade Is plain with irregularly spaced one over one double hung windows with limestone sills and brick headers. The first floor of the eastern-most portion of the east bay is obscured by the garage addition, East and South Facades The east and south facades of the Rectory have similar features to those discussed for the west and north facades, except that there are porches and sleeping porches on the first and second levels of the south fagade. There Is also a passageway extending from the south fagade of the Rectory to the Church, connecting the two buildings. Rectory- Exterior Addltions/Alterations There have been a few additions to the Rectory over its history, none of which affect the historic Integrity of the Rectory. Between 1911 and 1913 when the major additions were constructed to the Church, the one-story passageway between the Rectory and the sacristy of the church was constructed. Sometime in the mid-201s century, a one-story three car garage constructed of brick was added on the north side of the housekeeper addition to the Rectory. INTEGRITY The St Mary's Catholic Church Historic District maintains a high degree of all of the seven aspects of Integrity: location, design,setting, materials,workmanship,feeling and association, NPS Form 10.9001 OMB No.1024.0018 (8A81 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Contlnuation Sheat Section 7 Page 29 Properlyname St. Mary's Catholic Church HislorlcDistrict County and Stale Dubucue Iowa Note on Integrity Regarding St. Mary's Casino The St, Mary's Parish complex also included the St, Mary's Casino the 'Casino') on the northeast corner of White and E, 10 Street, across 16th street to the north of the Rectory. The Romanesque Revival building was constructed in 1900 as a recreation center for the parish. It Included a gymnasium,theater and billiards hall/bowling alley. In 1959 the Casino was converted to a school to accommodate the expanding needs of the parish school, It was completely gutted, Its gables and dormered hip roof removed and it was clad in metal corrugated siding. Because of these alterations,the historic Integrity of the Casino has been completely destroyed and Is not considered historically significant, For that reason, the Casino was not included in the St, Me Vs Catholic Church Historic District, The lack of integrity of the Casino building does not have any significant affect on the integrity of the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic district because it is outside of the contiguous block of the bulldings of the district. M Flgun7l, St,MmyeCmlmaforglnallycaniwcNd, aauunxnown Hewett.Currmteppeommaofformer St.almy'dadroa' (p'a19a91�a Location The St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic District buildings are all in their original locations. Des�ci nn li The St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District buildings were all constructed within a 30-year period by 20 Picture Credit Archives of the Archdiocese of Dubuque,St,Mary's History File 21 Picture Credit: Duane Hagerty,photograph taken In fall of 2011. NP6 From 10.900-a OMB ND 1024-0018 i8e6i United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 30 Properryname St Mary'sCatholic Church HlstodcDlstrlet County and Stale Dubu0ueIowa the first generation of German Immigrants to Dubuque. The spire of St. Mary's Catholic Church remains intact and appears much the same as it did in 1867 when it was constructed. Each of the St. Mary's buildings largely retains its historic structural systems, spatial organization, proportion, massing, scale, materials, color, texture and fenestration patterns, Although there have been modifications and minor additions to each of the district buildings, the design for the modUlcationOdditions were sympathetic to the original designs. The church sacristy,entryvestlbules and chapel additions and passagewaytothe rectory were designed in the Gothic Revival style, use brick and stone similar to the original church and their massing Is compatible with the original church design. Because these additions were completed within the period of significance, they have themselves achieved historic significance, The addition to the Convent into the rear porch was also designed to be sympathetic to the original design of the convent. The original brick piers were retained and windows similar to the original convent windows wereused. Because It is at the rear of the building,the addition Is not viewable from its principalfayade. Finally, the addition to the Jackson Street School was also designed to be sympathetic to the design of the original building. It uses red brick as its fagade material and the main door entry uses the segmental arch to mimic the arch of the original entry. As with the addition to the Convent,the addition is at the rear of the building and Is not viewable from the principal fagde of the Jackson Street School. While there have been some alterations to the site, such as a white vinyl fence around the parking lot on the northeast corner ofthe district,the alterations are not meantto be permanent and are easily reversible. tin The neighborhood surrounding St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District is a residential neighborhood that has remained largely unchanged over its history and has retained its historic Integrity, The St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District remains the anchor of the historic residential and commercial neighborhood. malffib As discussed above, though each of the bulldings of the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District have had minor alterations from their historic appearance,the alterations consist of materials compatible with the original construction, The bulkings display most of their character-defining historic materials, The Church, Rectory and Jackson Street School each have their original windows, The Convent has replacement windows that are sympathetic to the original wood windows, NPS Form 10.8004 OMB No 1024-0018 (me) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 7 Page 31 Properlyneme SLMeNsCaddlcChu Hlstorlc0istdct County and State Dubucue. Iowa Workmanshl Both the exterior and interior of each of the St.Mary's bulldings exhibit nineteenth and early 201^Century craftsmanship. They display the physical evidence of the crafts of the German immigrant culture of the late 1800s and early 1900s, The Interior of the Church Is an especially fine example of the preservation of early 206 century religious interior design and liturgical an and craftsmanship. Feelinc The St. Mary's parish buildings continue to express the aesthetic and the historic sense of late 19i6 and early 2011 Century German Catholic immigrant art architecture and culture. Association Because the buildings of the St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District have been largely unaltered,they maintain their historic associations with the events of German immigration to Dubuque,the Ilk of father Aloysius Schmitt,the first American chaplain to die in World War II,and their elements of several styles of revival architecture remain intact. TABLE OF RESOURCES IN ST.MARY'S CATHOLIC CHURCH HISTORIC DISTRICT No, Address Owner Date of Evaluation of Construction Resource 1 105 E.1511 Street(Church) St.Mary's Church,Dubuque, 1867 Contributing Iowa Corporation 2 1584 White Street St.Mary's Church,Dubuque, 18905 Contributing (Redo ) Iowa Cor oration 3 i501JacksonStreet St.MaryysChurch,Dubuque, 1873 Contributing (Jackson Street School) Iowa Corporation 4 1561 Jackson Street Opening Doors, Inc, 1870 Contributing (Convent) NPS Frim 1MOU OMB Ne 1024.0015 (ass) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectiones Page 32_ Properly name stMary's CalhollcHlsexi0selc1 CountyandStale Oubuoue Iowa 8. Statement of Significance (Continued) Significance Dates 18908 1911 - 1913 1937-1939 Narrative Statement of Significance STATEMENT REGARDING CRITERIA CONSIDERATION A The St, Mary's Catholic Church Historic District derives Its historic significance from its association with the social history of the development of German immigrant culture in Dubuque; its association with Father Aloysius Schmitt,the first American mllhary chaplain of any religion to die In World War 11;and for its distinctive nineteenth century revival style architecture. Therefore, It meets Criteria Consideration A related to religious properties. SUMMARY The St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District Is an ensemble of four harmonious red brick buildings designed and built between 1867 and the 1890s. Three of the buildings are excellent examples of architectural revival styles popular during the late 1800E the Church in the Gothic Revival style; the Jackson Street School In a simple Romanesque Revival style and the Rectory in the Second Empire style. They were built to function as a cohesive campus for the parish. The buildings In the St. Mary's Catholic Historic District became the nerve center of the surrounding neighborhood. The St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District is historically significant in the context of European immigration to the Midwest United States and the settlement of the area in the mid-to-late 19"'and early 20 Centuries. Of the four contributing buildings, three of them are Individually eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places; the Church,Jackson Street School and Rectory. Criterion A—Historic association with German immlorant religion,education and culture. The St Mary's Catholic Church Historic District Is locally significant and eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A for its historic association with German Immigrant religion, NPS Fon 10.90Da OMB No,1020016 to 8a) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section8 Page 3� 3 Property name St. Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Dubuque, Iowa education and culture In Dubuque. Criterion B - Historic association with Father Aloysius Schmitt, the first American military chaplain to die n World War II, The District is nationally significant and eligible for listing on the National Register under Criterion B for its association with Father Aloysius Schmitt, the first American military chaplain of any religious denomination to the In World War II. Father Schmitt was himself of German ancestry and was a young associate pastor at St. Mary's Parish from 1937 to 1939. St.Mary's Parish In Dubuque was Father Sch mites longest tenure as a parish priest in his young career and his last parish assignment before enlisting In the Navy in 1939, Father Schmitt was killed during the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 while serving as chaplain on the USS Oklahoma, Though Father Schmitt gained historic significance after he left St,Mary's,as the parish where Father Schmitt served the longest during his young career as a priest, his tenure at St, Mary's is important for understanding his historic achievements as a heroic Navy chaplain who was the first chaplain to give his Ili his cour inWorldWarII, Criterion C-Distinctive embodiment of several revival styles of architecture In the late 191 Century. The District Is statewide significant and eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C as one of the oldest and most Intact collections In the State of Iowa of high-style architectural revival religious buildings, particularly the Gothic Revival church designed byarchitectJohn Mullany. It is the oldest surviving Gothic Revival Catholic church in northeast Iowa built by German Immigrants. The Church interior decorative scheme from the early 1900s displays artistry executed and designed byethnicGerman artists,craftsmen and manufacturers. Slgnl4cant Datesand Period of Sjgnifcance The significant dates include the construction of the Church In 1867 and its remodeling between 1911 and 1913;the construction oftheConvem In 1870;the construction of theJackson Street School in 1873; the construction of the Rectory In the 1890s;and 1937-1939,the years father Aloysius Schmitt served as Associate Pastor at St. Marys Parish. The Period of Significance runs from 1867 to 1965. 1867 was the year ofthe dedication of St. Mary's Church, TheGerman immigrant and cultural influences on the parish continued through Its closing In Mayof 2010, so the National RegisterSOyear cutoff of 1965 was chosen as the end ofthe period of slgniflcance. NPS Folmicaoo•a ouaNo.to24aota (seal United States Department of the Interior National Palk Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 34 Property name 81, Marva Catholic historicDlstrid County and State Dubuque Iowa Contextua I Background-Dubuque, Iowa immigrant History In 1785, French Canadian fur trader,Julien Dubuque arrived at the confluence of the Mississippi River and Catfish Creek,an area Just south of current downtown Dubuque, At the time,the area was Inhabited by the Sac and Fox Indian tribe and was under the European Jurisdiction of the Kingdom of Spain." Soon after Julien Dubuque arrived, he learned that the vicinity was rich in lead deposits. By 1788,the Sac and Fox Indians granted Julien Dubuque the rights to mine lead. he legitimized his claim with the Spaniards in 1796 by obtaining from the Spanish Governor-General legal recognition of his claim. Julien Dubuque mined the claim until his death in 1810. Widespread white settlement of Dubuque did not occur until the US Government opened the area for settlement after the Blackhawk Purchase on June 1, 1833. After that, settlers arrived to continue the lead mining enterprise started by Julien Dubuque, The City of Dubuque was chartered in 1837. As the population expanded, Industries such as button making, mill working, boat manufacturing and meatpacking eclipsed the lead mining industry, The proximity to the Mississippi River and an expanding railroad network were major factors in the success of Dubuque Industry in the 1800s. Industries in Dubuque attracted European immigrants from the crowded cities ofthe east coast of the United States. The primarygroups of immigrants to Dubuque were Irish and German, German Immigrants began arriving In Iowa insubstantial numbers In the 1840s. The chart below shows the trend of German immigration to Iowa throughout the 10 Century and Into the first two decades of the 201^Century,based upon U.S.Census information from the 1850 to 1910.13 Decade Number ofGerman-born Iowa Residents 1850 7,101 1860 55,842 1870 66,162 880 88,168 1890 127,246 1900 123,162 1910 98,290 Figure U.trend of German Immignllontolowa. 22Though the Dubuqueareawas historically pan of Louisiana,an administrative district of New France,all of touisiaoa was ceded by$a French tothe Spanish In 1862. By I801,the Spanish ceded all of Louisiana backto France. In 1803,the Dubuque area was acquired by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. 23 Leland L.Sag e,A His oryoflowa,(Ames,Iowa: The Iowa state University Press,1974), NPS Form 10&0&a OMB No.10210019 leaal United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 35 Property name St. Mary'sCatholic Historic Dishid County and State Dubuque, Iowa The earliest German immigrants to Iowa tended to cluster around the Mississippi River communities of Davenport and Dubuque.'" As the years progressed, German Immigrants fanned out Into all areas of the State of Iowa, The Roman Catholic Church was Instrumental in attracting immigrants to the Dubuque area. The episcopal see of the Catholic Diocese of Dubuque was established In 1837, the same year that Dubuque was chartered. It was the fourteenth diocese created in the United States" The original area of the Dubuque Diocese was vast Its jurisdiction Included most of the upper Midwest United States" The film bishop was Bishop Matthias Loras. Bishop Loras' European connections were instrumental in recruiting European immigrants to Dubuque, The landscape of Dubuque reminded Bishop Loras of his beloved homeland in France, In newspapers of the cities of the eastern United States, Bishop Loras advertised the beauty of the Dubuque area and the opportunities it afforded to Irish and German Immigrate. Immigrants flooded to the area that, in turn, induced their friends,relatives and neighbors both in Europe and the eastern United Stares to move to Dubuque, Immigrants of German ethnicity tended to settle on the north side of Dubuque. The Irish settled on the south side of Dubuque. By the 1870s, Dubuque was located in a geographic belt that contained a high density of native-born German residents(see Figure 24below)a' The Roman Catholic Church faced unfamlllar challenges In America, largely because It could not rely on the protection of European kings." One of the early conflicts related to immigration is that Catholics of different ethnlcities would often settle in the same geographical area typically governed by one parish, This became a problem, for example, in areas where the Germans settled in the geographic area of an Irish Catholic parish, The Irish could not understand German and the Germans could not understand English. Rather than force these disparate ethnic groups Into one parish, the Roman Catholic Church allowed the formation of'national parishes", National parishes did not have geographic boundaries. Anyone who belonged to the specific nationality could be a member of a national parish. Therefore, a German national parish could be established In a neighborhood or community that was Irish and vice versa, Because of this segregation of ethnicities, the Roman Catholic Church In the Midwest United 24 Mark Wyman,Immigrants in theVolhy(Chicago,Illinois: Nelson-Hall Publishers,Inc,19841,126. 25 The Diocese of Dubuque was elevated to the status of Archdiocese on June 15,1091 It Is the only Archdiocese in the United Stares located outside a major metropolitan area. 26 Thejmisdlction of the diocese was cutback over the years as new dioceses were formed. Its cunentjurisdicticn Is Ilmlted to thirty counties in the northeast quadrant of the State of Iowa. 27'Ninth Decennial Census of the United States,' U.S.Censusaureau,1870, 28 Wyman,p.130, 2918M NPS Farm 10000•a OMB No.1020018 i9A9i United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section Page 36 Properly name St Mary's Catholic Histodc District CountyandStale Dubuque. lows States came to be viewed as almost exclusively an immigrant church. y M uy , 1 / � LkL La, atl .�.�.. ;rlLLL 1� I1101A PON I..lilON \ ' e% Figure 24.Map of German American Population,9th Decennial CensuOa In the early days of German Catholic immigration to the United States, there was a severe shortage of Catholic priests to minister to the Immigrant populations, The Catholic hierarchy became alarmed that 30 Picture Credit Ih11p911w.newsbank com11 NPS farm 10409a oMe ND,10240019 (me) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 8 Property name St, Mary's Catholic HlsloricDistrict County and Slate Dubuque, Iowa the lack of priests, particularly those who spoke German, was causing the Catholic Church to lose membership. There were reports that"lukewarm German Catholics werejolning with German Lutherans or German rationallsts.ur, According to one commenter, the German Immigrant coming to the United States had been brought up on the tradition that: 'There is no higher culture than German,and the practice of religion by a German must be the best of the world.' German priests understood this, and knew that many of the German emigrants felt that If they could not practice their faith in the German way when they came to America,then they would not practice their faith at all." When the news reached Germany and Austria of the neglect of the German Catholic faith in the Midwest United States, two misslona 7 groups formed to assist the training of German clergy, the establishment of German parishes in the United States and the building of churches for German Catholic parishes in America. The Ludwig-missionsverien was organized with the patronage of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and the Leopoldine SUftung was a mission organization supported by donations from the Empire of Austria Aid from these organizations flowed to the United States and helped to stabilize the German Catholic parishes In the United States and assisted in their future growth. The continued use ofthe German language in German Catholic churches in America was seen as vital to the continuation of the German culture in America. German leaders worried that if emigrants and their families lost the German language, not only would the German culture be weakened, but the German Catholic faith would also suffer, King Ludwig I of Bavaria stated that 'religious and school Instruction In the German language" in America would always be necessary far the "continuance of the German spirit", The Boman Catholic hierarchy in the United States understood that the German Immigrant's clinging to the German language could be viewed as alien and anti-American. Accordingly, American blshops urged immigrant communities to give attention to American patriotic activities and encouraged Catholic parochial schools to include instruction in American history and civics. The church hierarchy urged Immigrant parishesto"show your attachment to the Institutions of our beloved country"" 31 Ibro,134. 3211.Donald WIIIging,"The German Catholicsin Dubuque,low; 1840-1020,'A Thesis submitted in Panial Ful ofthe Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of At,Loras College,May 1990. 33IWO137. 34Old,138. 351b1d,132. NPS Fon 10400.1 OMB No.10244010 (me) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet sectlon8 Page 38 Property name St. Mary's Catholic Hislo Q11trict CountyandState Dubupue Iowa St Mary's Parish-Developmental History-Introduction The St, Mary's Parish had 161 years of historyspanning from its founding 1849 to 2010 when it closed due to changes In demographics. Throughout its history, the St Mary's parishioners displayed a strong commitment to spiritual and cultural stewardship as well as the stewardship of its physical assets. From Its beginning,the parish engaged in long-term planning for the construction of its parish complex. In the span of less than 40 years between 1863 and 1901 all of the buildings for the St Mary's Parish were constructed and they all stand today. As a German congregation,they naturally looked to German artists and craftsmen to decorate their buildings. Throughout the subsequent years of renovation and remodeling, the parish largely endeavored to honor the work of thelrforebears by preserving the work that had been done previously, rather than starting from scratch. A chronology of the building and renovation work done on the St Mary's Parish complex is attached as Addendum 4, As a result of the stewardship of the St. Mary's parishioners over the years, their work survives today as an example for future generations,even though theparish is no Icngerin existence. Sts Mary`s Parish—Developmental History•Church The history of St. Mary's Parish began In the late 1840s with the tensions existing in Dubuque between the dominant Irish residents and the small, but growing,German immigrant community. Dubuque's sole Catholic parish at the time was St. Raphael parish, established by the pioneer Dominican priest, Father Samuel Mazzuchelli in 1835. Elevated to a Cathedral in 1831 after the establishment of the Dubuque Diocese, St.Raphael Cathedral was located squarely inthe Irish south side neighborhood of Dubuque, By 1849, there were 40 German families in the St. Raphael parish, Unlike their English-speaking counterparts in the Irish community, German Immigrants were not immediately comfortable with American Catholic churches. The 40 German families in the St Raphael parish petitioned Bishop Loras to form a new parish comprised of German-speaking members with a German-speaking priest. Due largely to the fact that the then-existing Cathedral was too small for the growing parish population, Bishop Loras granted the request and formed a new German-speaking parish under the patronage of the HolyTrinity, Holy Trinity Church was constructed in 1850 on a lot at the northeast corner of 8'h and White Streets In downtown Dubuque. The architect HV, Gulldea drew up the plans for the church, which was a simple, federal style stone structure (Figure 25). Bishop Loras dedicated Holy Trinity sometime In 1850, The priest's residence was in one half of the basement. The other half of the basement was used as a school. NPS Form 10.900a OMB No. 102Q018 IB•BBI United States Department of the Interior National Pak Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Secdon 8 Page 39 Property name St. Mary's CatholioHistoric Dislrict countyandState Dumque, lowa ��1c,C� �i't1111Rf i 4 , r !Y � I �aQlli3lt ".Lij� +rrMraM npumaS.Holy ninlrychurch Word dated 1670 By 1863,the German Immigrant population of Dubuque was increasing dramatically, The membership of Holy Trinity parish increased to over 300 families. The small stone church was not adequate for its burgeoning membership. Therefore, in 1863, the parish formed the German Roman Catholic Building Association (the "St Marl's Building Association ). The purpose of this organization was to plan for the construction ofa new church and other buildings forthe parish and to raisefunds forthe endeavor. The parish purchased five lots from the Langworthy Estate In April 1864.31 The former orchard property cost the parish $2,500.0038 The construction of St. Mary's Church was completed In 1867 and It was dedicated on February 12, 1867. The name of the parish was changed from Holy Trinity to St, Mary of the Assumption (known simply as "St. Mary's1, St Mary's was designated as a German National Catholic parish, Upon completion, St. Mary's Church was regarded as"one of the most elegant in the nonhwest"88 A gentleman who has traveled all through Europe and Palestine as well as a large portion of this country and who has ataste forthe beautiful in architecture has repeatedly assured us that the spire of St. Mary's is one of the most graceful, beautiful and perfect in design that he has everseen."10 One newspaper account stated, 'Mr. Mullany, by the erection of this church has earned for himself a 36 Picture Credit: St,Mary's Archive. 37 Rev,M.M.Hoffman,CentennlalHistory of theArchkeseof Dubuque. Dubuque,Iowa; Columbia College Press,1937. 381bid. 39"History and Incidents ofTwo More of Dubuque's Prominent Parishes,'Dubuque Daily Herald,2 June,1878. 40 ibid. NPS Farts IMON OMB k ID2001e (weal United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectli Page 40 Property name St. Mary'5Catholic Historic Dlsb1 County and State Dubuque Iowa reputation thatwill be lasting and permanent."" r , w q ti f f Ilrolll �:�, 11 ] rllll �� I I Fquro26.StMery'sQ,erehnlBA.,, Flauret7. St MarysChunM1u1167as Newspaper accounts describe the exterior as 'massive"" The 238-feet spire was admired as towering 'above any other [spire] yet erected in Dubuque,",, The width of the center aisle ofthe nave was 39feet, the width of the side aisles was 14 feet and the width of the chancel was 49 feet (subsequently widened In 1912). The interior of St. Mary's was described in the following passage, Sixteen windows of stained glass,eight on either side,and the sanctuary by a triplet- one of exquisite workmanship,light the church, The figures In the triplet windows,as a matter of course, represent the crucifixion of our Lord, with his blessed mother kneeling at the foot of the cross, The side windows are traced with Images of saints and other Insignia 41 "Dedication of St.Mary's Church,'Dubuque Dollyflemld,2 Feb,1867, 42 Picture Credit Samuel Root Stereagraph Collectlon of Paul Juhl,Iowa City,Iowa, 43 Picture Credit; Samuel Root Stereograph Collectlon of PaulJuhl,Iowa City,Iowa, 44 Ibld, 45 Ibld, NPS Form 10-906a OMB No.1024.0018 (8-88) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 41 Property name Sr Mary's CelhollcHiatodcDistrict County and State DgIbugue, Iowa Indicative of Christian faith and veneration." The triplet windows were removed in 1912 and the openings were filed in when the church was remodeled and the Assumption mural installed in the chancel. �L ,J r I k. I axanFa�.ar—ate Flpurol8,St.Mery'a(hunhlneeaoru 1900,FhalopnpM1erunknownar There are three bells In the St.Mary's bell tower, Two of the bells were Installed in the 187gs, In 1876,the smallest bell was installed by a bell cast by 1.G, Stuckstede & Bro. of St Louis, Missouri. It was named Johannes because It was dedicated to St.John. Stucksted & Bro, also cast the medium-sized bell, That bell was Installed In 1878. It was named Maria because it was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. 461bid. 47 Photo Credit St Mary's Archive(comributed by CandaceChaloupka), NGS Form 1URW a 0M8 No,10240016 1889) United Stales Department of the Interior National Park Servioe National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 42 Property name Sl Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Dubuque Iowa Finally, In 1885 the largest bell was installed. The bell was cast in 1885 by H. Stuckstede & Co, out of St, Louis(the successortoJG.Stuckstede&Bro.l and is named for St Josephus, The pipe organ at St. Mary's was Installed in 1870, The parish procured the organ from the E&G.G.Hook Organ Company of Boston Massachusetts" At its dedication,as parishioners; Waited in breathless expectation for the music to sound, they wondered with justifiable anxiety and uncertainty as to what the primary selection would be. At last the magnificent organ was In motion, making the whole church resound with the brilliant touch of the "Hallelujah Cl Attendees to the organ's dedication attested to the "beauty and grandeur" of the organ and the 'sweetness of tone,mellowness and brilliancy of effect emanating from the instrument In 1911,the St Mary's church was almost 45 years old. Beginning in 1911,the St Mary's parish embarked upon a major renovation of the church. The parish planned up to $50,000 in Improvements on the church Interior and exterior. "When the work on the remodeling is completed,the edifice will be one of the most beautiful in this part of the country"S' Within a two year period the parish widened the chancel to Its current width, constructed the sacristy and vestry addition north of the chancel, added the two confessional chapels flanking the bell towerand built4 side entrances.0 As part of the remodeling, the Interior was completely redecorated in 1912, The parish commissioned the Brielmaier architecture and church decorating firm to complete the interior decoration scheme. The new design Included a 35-foot mural of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary that would be painted byClothiida Brielmaier, Joseph Waiter,a professional artist from Dubuque,was subcontracted to execute the planned murals and stencils. Minutes of the parish board indicate that Joseph Walter was paid $4,078.50 in 1912 to paint the murals and stencils" The remodeling also included the Installation of twelve new stained glass windows from the FX Zettler Company in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, The Daprato Co.of Chicago was contracted tool the twelve windows for the total sum of$8,600,00." 48"St Mary's Organ,"Dubuque Daily Herald, 11 May,1870. 49 Vs. 50161d, SI "Will Remodel St.Mary's Church,"Dubuque Telegraph Herald 30 April 1911. 52 Cenienniolftchum,St Mary's Church,29 October, 1967,p,31. 53 PadshBaard0nures,Moy2a, 1912,St Mary'sArchim,,Located at the Pastoral Center,Archdiocese of Dubuque. 54ParlshaoomMlnures,unknown Dote, 1913,St.Mary'silrchlves,Located at the Pastoral Center,Archdiocese of Dubuque. NPS Form 109004 OMS No.10240016 8961 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 43 Property name St Mary sCatholic HistorieDlslydd County and State Dubuque Iowa t s v, I f i r I ,k �fi III IIID. 1 i.,I JNTDRICR CM ST. MARY'S CHURCH F11ore2A SLMaaralnterlorfmm 1918 Parish Dlmdery.Pholoampherenrnown 1S Between 1954 and 1958, the Interior decoration, murals and stencils were repainted and refreshed In three phases. While the restoration of the St. Malys interior was complete before the liturgical changes brought on by Vatican Il, the trend in Catholic church decoration was already trending toward a plainer, modern design It was also substantially more expensive to restore murals and stencils rather than create a new design and paint over the old stencils and murals. The dedication of the parish to its history was 55 PictureCredit: Center Fm Dubuque Hlnory,Loras College-St.Malys File Ni Form 10.9001 OMB No.1024-0018 (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 44 Property name St Malv'raCatholic Historic District CountyandState Dubuque Iowa evident In their decision to painstakingly follow the origlnal 1912 Brielmaier"European motif"? Figure 30, Church Interior m I Page. FIgum 31, aeoll ofMsumpllonMurda 1940L Photographerunkuawmse Photographer unknown ar In 1976, a fire damaged much of the east side of the chancel and Inflicted severe smoke and water damage in the remainder of the church? The damage estimates exceeded $200,000? By 19761 the liturgical reforms of Vatican II had already been in effect for over 10 years, The parish could have saved a substantial sum of money by redecorating after the fire in a plain, modern, interior decorating scheme. Instead, they again chose to clean and restore rather than repaint and redecorate" 1976 was the last major Interior work done to the Interior of St. Mary's church. The only substantial construction work done to St.Mary's thereafter was the construction of the elevator entrance In 1991, Beginning in the 1970s,the St. Mary's parish membership began to decline. Demographic changes took many of the neighborhood's residents to the west side of Dubuque. Birthrates declined for the Population as a whole. Industries such as the Dubuque Packing Company closed in the 1980s, 56"Arilsts Finish Intricate Project"Dubuque Telegraph Herald,S January 1958, 57 Picture Credit: Archives of Archdioceses of Dubuque-St.Mary's File, SB Picture Credit: Archives of Archdioceses of Dubuque-St.Mary's File, 59'Fire Damage at St.Mary's Shocks Parish,'Dubuque Telegraph Herald,l January 1976. 60'Parishioners Answer Call,"Dubuque TelegmphHerald,13 January 1976. 61 Vol,, NPS Form 10.900-e OMB No. 1024-DO18 (O-Be) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 45 Property name St. Marv'sCatholic Historic Dist d County and State Dubuque, Iowa Eliminating previously good paying jobs for residents of the neighborhood. The flight from the surrounding neighborhood resulted in a progressively aging parish membership that was not able to flnanclallysupponthe upkeep ofthe parish buildings az As a result,the St.Mary's parish was dosed with the last mass in May of 2010" Although the interior liturgical furnishings have been removed from the Church,it does retain its interior architectural decoration such as windows, murals,stencils and paintings. St Mary's Parish-Developmental History-Jackson Street School In the early days of Holy Trinity Parish, It did not have a regular priest. However, it was Important to the parishioners that their children had an education, so they hired laymen to teach. By 1658,the parish felt the effects of the economic panic of 1857 and the parish closed the school for three years" The school reopened 1861,aga 1 n with lay teachers, In 1667, Father Mels, the pastor of St. Mary's at the time, brought an order of Franciscan nuns from Jefferson, Missouri to teach atthe school.0 The parish used the old Holy Trinity Church and an adjoining storefront as the school between 1867 and 18700 By 1870, the school had grown to the point where it had to expand from the old church into rooms In the newly constructed Convent on Jackson Street and to the basement of the new church at 150 and White. It was apparent that the parish needed a new school. Accordingly, the St. Mary's Building Association made plans to raise money and build a new school, The parish broke ground In 1873 to build the St.Mary's Jackson StreetSchool,0 Parish records are sparse relating to the plans and construction of the school. The St. Mary's Building Association meticulously documented their work in minute books that exist in the archives of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. However, all of the minutes were written in 19" Century German and are undecipherable for the casual German speaker. The original design ofthe school had 8 classrooms on 2 floors and a large assembly hall comprising the entire third floor. One person described the St. Mary's Jackson Street School asfollows In 1874,thethree story school building was erected,the four lower stories each containing four school rooms, while the third story was used as a society hall, and after the Kolping 6211sellhood of Parish Closing Increases;'The Wimess,4 August2009 63"ForWhom the Bell Tolls,°Telegraph Herold,30 Mag 2010. 64CanldiceChaloupka,SusanWright,StMary'sTheFlnestChurchWestoftheMlssissipp{ BHCPubllshing,LLC,. Dubuque,lowa, 2010. 65 Wilberding,p.S. 66 ibid. 67'Ground Broken for St Mary's School,"Dubuque DoiyTelegraph,14Oct 1873. NPS Form 10.800•a OMB No ID24•WIB 1, (&Bal) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 46 Property name 01 Mary's Catholic HIstodcDlstrict County and State Dill Iowa Verein built a stage on the north end of It, and later the Yound Isis] Men's Society gave theatrical performances and other performances in the hallbB In 1875, the St, Mary's School had approximately 200 in enrollment" In 1878,the Sisters of St. Francis of the Holy Family came from Iowa City to teach at St. Mary's,, By 1900, the school had an enrollment of 550 children,with 13 nuns and one layperson as teachers. With only 8 classrooms,The St Mary's Jackson Street School was bursting at the seams, The pressure for space was relieved In 1901 when the parish constructed the St. Mary's Casino at 160r and White,, The sole purpose of the Casino was to provide a space for recreation and social activities. Because the Casino had a large auditorium,the assembly hall on the third Floor of the St. Mary's Jackson Street School was no longer necessary and could be subdivided into much needed classroom space for the school's growing enrollment. Accordingly,sometime after the opening of the Casino,the third floor of the school was convened to classrooms. � r rrr #1 w Figure eh.Via rNmthe Nortawest S660016ir6aearly 1900L FholograPhmueano O 68 Peter B.Hoffman,A Concise History of the City and Counryof Dubuque 1933.1934,Cemerfor Dubuque History(1934),p.188. 69 Wilberding,p.5. 70 Va.,p,6. 71 Chaloupka,p,108, 71 Photo Credit Archives of the Archdiocese of Dubuque-9t,Mary's File, NPS Form 10-I OMB No.1024-0018 (8.88) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectlon j. Page 47 Properly name St. Mary's Catholic Historic Dislricl County and State Dubuque, l�opwa r Figure 9,Vlewf omAnn Southeast indent end ISO)dra 11116. PhotographerunYnown01 I -�fn I N11um54.canard and khwldra III PhctogrepherUnknewnt1 73 Photo Credit Center for Dubuque History,Low College-St.Mays File. 74 Photo Credit Archives of the Archdiocese of Dubuque-St,Mary's File. NPS Fo m 10.900e OMB No.1024-0018 IB•rel United States Department of the Interior National Parc Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 48 Property name Sr Marina catholic Hlstorla Dletdot County and State Dubuque Iowa In 1906,the parish brought In the Order of the Brothers of Maryto establish a high school for boys.75 The high school was located one block north of the church on White Street at 1635 N. White in a house formerly known as the Holleft House. The boy's high school was open only until 1928 when It closed due to the loss of enrollment to other larger Catholic academies In the City of Dubuqueifi In 1925, the enrollment at the St Mary's Jackson Street School reached 660 students and 16 faculty" Enrollment at St.Mary's School dropped through the 1930s as a result of the Great Depression so that by the 1940s,enrollmentwas at 500 students." After World War II, the Baby Boom resulted In once again exploding enrollment for St Mary's School. By the late 1950s,the Jackson Street School was again bursting at the seams. In order to alleviate the space constraints, the Casino was gutted and renovated Into a school building. In 1960,the enrollment for the St. Mary's School reached an all time high of 808 students," After the conversion of the Casino into a school building, the grades 1 through S were housed In the Jackson Street School and the kindergarten and grades 6 through 8 were housed in the converted Casinol° In 1969, a bathroom and teacher's lounge addition was added to the west fa4ade of the Jackson Street School. The decades of the 60s, 70s and Ell ushered in declining enrollment for the St Mary's School. Demographic changes took many of the neighborhoods residents to the west side of Dubuque, Birthrates declined for the population as a whole. Industries such as the Dubuque Packing Company closed in the 1980s, eliminating previously good paying Jobs. As Catholic priests and nuns became scarcer,St. Mary's School had to hire lay teachers,which required Increases in tuition. Many parishioners and neighborhood residents who formerly sent their children to Catholic schools would rather send their kids to free public schools instead of paying tuition. As a result,St. Marys School first merged with St Patrick's School to form the Downtown Catholic School in 1982!' For several years, Students at the Downtown Catholic School attended both St. Mary's Buildings. However, by 1999 all students were housed in the St Patrick School and neither the St. Mary's Jackson Street School nor the former Casino building were used as Catholic schools again" 75Wilberding,6. 76 Vd.7, 77 Sister Mary Carlos Feuling,'The Beginnings of Catholic Elementary Education In Dubuque;'A Thesis submitted to Columbia College In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts,Center for Dubuque history,11925I p4. 76 Cho IDupka,p.116. 79Vd,p 117, BO lbld,p. 132. 91 Ibld,p, 124. 82161d. NP5 Form 10.908a 0109 140024-0018 (886) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectil Page 499 Property name St. Miry'sCatholic Historic DiI County and State Dubuque Iowa Criterion A - St Mary's Catholic Church Historic District. Connection with the Educational Social and Cultural life of Dubuque's German Immigrants and Descendents St.Mary's parish was not just a place for religious worship and instruction. It was also a hub for social and cultural events. With their proud German heritage, the parishioners of St. Mary's viewed the parish as a means of assuring the safeguarding of that heritage. At the St. Mary's School, the curriculum included arithmetic, penmanship, reading, spelling and catechism.83 The nuns taught the regular courses In English, German was taught only during the time set aside for the teaching of the German language. With German taught in the school,there were assurances that the German language would survive Into the next generation. However, the teaching of most classes In English also assured that students would be able to adapt to the American way of life. The religious education also assured them that future generations would contlnueto worship as German Catholics, St. Mary's parish was also a center for German Immigrant culture in the area. The top floor assembly hall of the St. Mary's Jackson Street School was elaborately decorated, including themes that were culturally German. The parish commissioned for Luxembourger artist Frantz Slemetz(then a resident of Dubuque) to paintfianking murals of St. Boniface(the patron Saint of Germans)and George Washington (the Father of the United States of America)to be located in the school assembly hall (these paintings are no longer extant). It is fitting evidence that the parishioners (who were largely either German Immigrants themselves or children of German lmmlgrantsl had embraced their citizenship as Americans,but in a way that was uniquely German, The school assembly hall was the site of lectures,theatrical performances and musical performances. The St. Mary's School had a fife and drum corps that provided not only musical education for the children, but entertainment for everyone. When the St.Mary's Casino was built in 1900 It became the centerfor theatrical performances,sporting events and social gatherings. As the city of Dubuque and the surrounding farm territory became more settled in the late 18005, many of St. Mary's German immigrants and their families were instrumental in forming four new Catholic parishes In Dubuque: Sacred Heart,Holy Ghost,Holy Trinity and Nativity parishes. Each of these parishes was almost entirely German, with the exception of Nativity parish, which was a mix of German and Irish. St. Mary's parishioners and their families were also instrumental in settling German communities in far- flung settlements In northwest Iowa, northeast Iowa, Nebraska, the Dakotas, southern Minnesota, and southwestern Wlsccnsln. The parishioners of St Mary's continued their close association with their German ethnic roots 83 @id, 84 RIl Roder, We Are Called:A Nis oryofSr.MarytPorlah,Sioux Cry,Iowa. NPS Form 10-9004 OMB Na 1024,0018 IM1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 50 Property name Sl Mary's Catholic Historic Dlsnd County and State Dubuque Iowa throughout the twentieth century and to the closing of the parish In 2010, Sermons and homilies at St, Mary's were spoken almost exclusively in German until World War I when Archbishop James J, Keane ordered that all portions of the Catholic mass not spoken in Latin should be spoken In English, In response to anti-German sentiment during and after World War I, St Mary's head pastor, Monsignor Zeyen, encouraged the young men of St, Mary's to join the armed services to show their patriotism and loveofcountry. Even Into the late Twentieth century, the membership of St, Mary's parish was comprised primarily of those with ethnic German surnames, In 1983 the parish had a choral mass In German and gala celebration to honor the 300th Anniversary of the landing of the first German immigrants in America in 1683 and the ISO Anniversary of the first Germans to arrive in Dubuque In 1833.6 This History of St. Mary's church and parish displays the arc of German educational, social and cultural development in the City of Dubuque and the surrounding area. As German immigrants flooded Into Dubuque, St. Mary's parish developed programs and support that could protect their German heritage, but assimilate them Into the American community. For the majority of its history, the St. Mary's church and parish was a major center of German educational, cultural and social activity, St. Mary's parish continued to maintain Its connection to Its German immigrant roots into the late twentieth century, Therefore, St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic District qualifies under Criterion A with local significance for Its connection to the German immigrant culture of Dubuque and therefore Is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, Criterion B - St Mary's Catholic Church Historic District: Association with the life of Father Aloysius Schmitt Father Aloysius Schmitt was born on December 3, 1909 in St, Lucas, Iowa, a German-American community In northern Iowa, Father Schmitt himself was of German ancestry, The Catholic parish in the community, St, Luke's, is a parish of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. He attended elementary school at St. Luke's parish school and high school at Campion Academy in Pralre du Chien,Wisconsin, Heobtalned his Bachelor of Arts degree at Loras College in Dubuque and he studied theology at the Pontifical North American College and Gregorian University, both in Rome, Italy. He entered the priesthood and was ordained in Rome,Italy on December 8, 1935,6 85 Program from the Choral Mass to Honor the 3002 Anniversary ofthe first German Immigration to Amtdca. St.Mary's archlves. 86'Father Schmitt FintChaplaln Killed in War,"The Witness,18 Dec.1941,p.1. NPS For 1040ee OMB No,1024.0019 (He) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section B Page 51 Properly name St. Mary's Catholic historicDistrid County and State Dubuque, Iowa Father Schmitt returned to the United States in April of 1936 and began his career asa Catholic priest. his experiences as a civilian priest between April of 1936 and June of 1939 would help him obtain the pastoral skills that would be necessary In his this later role as a Naval chaplain,as well as the leadership skills and unselfishness that were the hallmarks of his heroism at Pearl Harbor, In 1936, he briefly served as assistant pastor at St Boniface parish in New Vienna, Iowa. In lune of 1936, Father Schmitt was appointed assistant pastor at St. Marys Cathedral in Cheyenne, Wyoming where he served until August of 1937. Bishop McGovern, Bishop of Cheyenne, remembered Father Schmitt as a man who was "sweet and gentle indisposition,to know him was to admire and love him. He was everyInch a man of God,and fulfilled the duties of his ministry as one who felt that In serving his brethren he was serving the Lord himself."' In August of 1937 Father Schmitt returned to his home state of Iowa and was appointed assistant pastor at St.Maas church in Dubuque. Father Schmitt served St, Mary's parish for almost 2 years until June of 1939. In addition to his duties as assistant pastor at St. Mary's, Father Schmitt also taught German and religion at the St. Mary's School0 Father Schmitt's devotion to his ministry at St. Mary's was apparent to his parishioners. They knew that Father Schmitt was available to assist them,"no matter the day, not the hour of the day. He was an inspiration to everyone."" Parishioners also remembered that k was likely that the "spirit of Old St. Mays' contributed to Father Schmitt's decision to apply for the Navy chaplainry. The head pastor of St, Mary's during Father Schmitt's tenure was Monsignor Joseph Zeyen. Monsignor Zeyen,though mindful of the German hlstory of the St Mary's parish,strongly encouraged his parishioners to participate in the Institutions of American life and fulfill their duties as patriotic cidzeno Anti-German sentiment brought on by World War I spurred the ethnic Germans of St. Mary's to show their patriotism by Joining the military, On the eve of World War ll, many sons of St. Mary's parishioners were already serving in the military." Monsignor Zeyen also encouraged assistant pastors at St. Mary's to think about Joining the military chaplainry. As a result, 3 of the 5 assistant pastors who served at St Mary's from the late 1930s through the end of World War II (Father Schmitt inciudedi served as chaplains during World War ILS Archbishop Beckman, the Archbishop of Dubuque during World War II and the years preceding It, also encouraged 87 Sister Mary Imogene Klein,MY,"Greater Love;The Lih of Chaplain Aloysius Schmitt°AThesis submitted to Loras College In partial fulfilment of requirements forth a degree of Bachelor of Ans,(August,1961)p.IS. 88 ibid. 89 ibid.,p. 16. 90 Ibid. 91 Ibid. 921ntervlew with Mr.Dan Bums,ArchlvInfortha Archdiocese of Dubuque. NPS Form 10-90Oa OMB No 1024.0018 (8.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectil Page 52 Property name St Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Dubuque. Iowa the priests of the Archdiocese to join the military chaplainry, On the eve of World War II, nine priests from the Archdiocese of Dubuque were serving in the Army and Navy chaplalncy,e Proportionately, It was the largest number of priests serving in the military chaplaincy of any Catholic diocese in the United States, In 1939, with the encouragement of Monsignor Zeyen, Father Schmitt obtained permission from Dubuque's Archbishop Francis Beckman to join the US Navy as a chaplain, On lune 28, 1939, Father Schmitt was appointed Acting Chaplain of the US Navy,commissioned with the rank of Lieutenant,Junior Grade(LT1G), Sister Gracia Schmitt,OSF, Father Aloysius Schmitt's niece, remembers Father Schmitt's last visit to her family in Iowa in 1940 when she was 10 years old. 'I remember him when I was in grade school, He was handsome,tall and friendly,justa peach of a guy."' In March of 1940, Father Schmitt was assigned to the USS Oklahoma, based In Pearl Harbor,Hawaii, M w FleMS. FaewAloyalosfehmle,OJe. Flgure 36. DSS Oklahoma In PearlHarboaon Doomber9,1941.Phomgnphorunknown" Photogrannunknownsa On Sunday, December 7, 1941, Father Schmitt was finishing Sunday mass, when at 8:00 am, local time, 93"Priests of the Archdiocese Serve In National Defense,'The Witness,6 Nov.1941,p,1, 94"Vet Leads New Medal of Honor Quest for Pilest'The Witness,11 May,2014,p.1, 95 Picture Credit St Mary's Archives. 96 Picture Credit httpV/en.wlklpedla.orglwik'dFlle,USS_Oklahoma_onjre gif NP8 Fan NOW OMB k 1024-0018 (R6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section B Page 53 Property name St. Mary's Catholic HlstodC District County and Slate Dubuque Iowa the Japanese attacked,targeting the battleships on battleship row. The USS Oklahoma was one of those battleships, Japanese torpedo bombers hit the ship with 9 bombs. The entire crew was ordered to their battle stations. Father Schmid's battle station was below desks to minister to the wounded. Almost immediately after the torpedo impacts, the USS Oklahoma began to list. Everyone knew it was only a matter of time until the ship capsized. Father Schmitt and other crewmembers were trapped In a compartment with only a porthole to escape. Father Schmltt's heroism that day was recalled in the April, 1942 edition of Cosmopolitan magazine in an article titled, "Who's New on the Roll of Honor! The article describes the chaos of the bombing of the USS Oklahoma in Pearl Harbor and Chaplain Schmid's response as follows An explosion shook the old dreadnaught, as a torpedo pierced her side. The stricken battleship shuddered, slowly began to roll over. In a rush of panic, a dozen men Jammed the compartment door. Through the din came the young chaplain's voice. Quiet, bringing back reason. Schmitt opened the door, bracing himself as water swept In. Two men carried out an unconscious sailor, and a few more escaped by the passage before the swift-rising water cut It off.97 Ray Turpin witnessed father Schmid's efforts to help others escape the sinking USS Oklahoma. In 2008, Ray Turpin told his story about Father Schmitt to the Las Vegas Reviewdoumal, Ray Turpin remembered Father Schmitt as he was trying to escape from the ship's porthole: I was looking in his [Father Schmltt's] eyes and he sald,'I've already tried, I can't get out' And I offered him my hand and I said, 'I'll try and pull you out; Turpin recalled, fighting back tears, He walked away and he said,'I'm going to look around and see If there are any moreguys that I can help getoutof here: So I wafted a few minutes. He never came back. I never saw himagai0 In the February 5, 1942 issue of The fitness (the newspaper of the Archdiocese of Dubuque) a letter was published from Father William A, Maguire, a fellow naval chaplain who served with Father Schmitt in Hawaii," In the letter,Father Maguire explained: Before his ship sank, Father Al succeeded in passing at least three men through and air 97 Donald E,Keyhoe,`Who's New on the Roll of Honor,`Cosmopollton,Apr.,1942,p,50. 98'Looking Backto 1941!'Los VegasRevlewlourn$7 December,2008, 99 Net Leads New Medal ofthonor Questfor Priest" NPS Form IMOk oma No 102418 (cm) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet SectionL. Page 54 Property name St. Mary's WollcHisto DDatrid County and State Dubuque Iowa port. . . In spite of the effort of those three men,assisted by a fourth,they were unable to pull Father AI to safety. Father Al was quoted saying,"Push me back I am holding up the other men, Save yourselves."1" Father Schmitt continued helping others to escape from the USS Oklahoma. He drowned when the USS Oklahoma sank to the Floor of the harbor. Father Schmitt is credited with helping up to 12 other crewmen to escape to safety prior to the ship sinking. Father Schmitt Is purported to be the first military chaplain of any denomination to die In World War II.11, Captain Thomas L Kirkpatrick is another chaplain who died at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 on the USS Arizona, It is believed that he Bled when the USS Arizona went down after Father Schmitt perished in the USS Oklahama 1" Both are memorialized on a plaque at the USS Arizona Visitor Center in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii,", The plaque reads: Dedicated to the glory of God and the memory of Capt,Thomas L. Kirkpatrlck, CHG USN, Chaplain, USS Arizona; Lt Aloyslus H. Schmitt CHC, USN, Chaplain, USS Oklahoma; who gave their lives in the service of their country, 7 December 194111' Father Schmitts likely burial place Is at the National Cemetery of the Pacific in Hawaii In a grave with about 400 other unidentified bodies recovered from the USSOklahoma!e Father Schmitt Is a national World War II hero. For his acts of personal heroism, Father Schmitt was posthumously awarded the Navy& Marine Corps Medal. In 1943,a US Navy destroyer escort was named USS Schmitt In Father Schmitt's honor. On the anniversary of Father Schmitt's death in December of 1942, the Archdiocese of Dubuque announced planned to erect a memorial chapel on the campus of loras College in Dubuque in honor of Father Schmitt Upon hearing the news, Archbishop Beckman received a telegram from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt stating that the President "Heartily commends the fitting tribute of a chapel inLorasCollege tothe memory ofabrave chaplain' When the Christ the King Chapel on the Loras College campus was finally dedicated In 1947 to memorialize Father Schmitt, Navy Admiral Chester Nimitz and Cardinal Samuel Stritch from the Archdiocese of Chicago were 100 Vd. 101 Wd. 102 hftpJ/chiplaincorps.navyllve.dodlive,mll/2013112105/honoeing-the-legacyof-chaplain.klfkpatrlckand-chaplain-schmht. on-the-72nd-anniversary-of-peal-harbor( 103;bid. 104INd. 1051bfd NPS Fan,10A00a We No.10744018 (me) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section_8 Page 55 Property name St Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Dubuque Iowa the honored speakers,signifying the national importance of Father Schmitt's heroism, In the early 1980s, the City of Dubuque named an island in the channel of the Mississippi River for Father Schmitt. There Is currently an effort, supported by Representative Bruce Braley, to have the Congressional Medal of Honor posthumously awarded to Father Schmitt in recognition of his bravery In battle,w Father Schmitt's acts of heroism on December 7, 1941 occurred after his connection with St Mary's. However, his unselfish courage, leadership and dedication to those he ministered to—traits that gave him the courage to die for his country and for the men he served—were traits that he developed during his young priesthood in the years leading up to his enlistment In the Nary Chaplaincy, Though Father Schmitt was at St. Mary's less than 2 years, his tenure at St, Mary's comprised nearly two-thirds of his fledgling careeras a Catholic priest before he entered the Navy chaplainry. A property associated with a person's formative years can be listed on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion B if the person's activities during this period "were important In understanding his or her later achievements IT Father Schmitt is historically significant because he was the first American chaplain to die In World War II. If he had not been an ordained minister with substantial experience as a civilian minister, he would not have been a Navy chaplain aboard the USS Oklahoma on the morning of December 7, 1941. Additionally, Father Schmitt died while trying to help other's escape the sinking USS Oklahoma, an unselfish act that is the hallmark of one called to a religious vocation. Therefore, the development of Father Schmitt's religious vocation and his training and experience as a priest are extremely relevantto understanding his heroism on December 7, 1941. There are other buildings currently In existence that are associated with Father Schmitt. His boyhood home and his elementary school are still standing In St. Lucas, Iowa. St Boniface Church in New Vienna, Iowa,where he briefly served, and St. Marys Cathedral in Cheyenne, Wyoming,where he served for lust over a year still exist. However, the buildings of St. Mary's parish are most closely associated with his heroism in World War II. As the Catholic parish where Father Schmitt served for nearly two years Immediately prior to his entry Into the US Navy as a chaplain, the St. Marys Catholic Church Historic District Is most closely associated with Father Schmitt's civilian ministry. Father Schmitt preached in the Church, lived in the Rectory,taught German and religion to schoolchildren In the Jackson Street School and ministered to the nuns In the Convent. The buildings on the St Marys campus currently appear largely as they appeared when Father Schmitt was associate pastor at St Mary's from 1937 to 1939. He entered the Navy chaplainry directly after his tenure with St. Mary's at the urging of St. Mary's Head 106"Local Veteran,Lawmaker Team Up In Medal Battle for Aloyslus Schmitt,"Telegraph Herald,I May,2014, 107 NatIonaI Register Bulletin 37,'GuidelInes for Evaluating and Nominating Prop anIes Associated with Significant Persons," Department of Interior,National Park Service(accessed onIlrel. NPS Form 10-9 0 a OMB No.1024-0018 I e) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section B Page 56 Property name St. Mary's Catholic Historic Distrlct County and State Noma Iowa Pastor, Monsignor Zeyen. Father Schmitt made the ultimate sacrifice while serving both God and his country when he died earlyin the morning on December 7, 1941 while trying to help fellow servicemen escape from the sinking USS Oklahoma in Pearl Harbor There have been several appropriate memorials erected after FatherSchmitrs death to commemorate his heroic sacrifice. However, memorials do not capture the rich history of Father Schmltt's life and experience as a young Catholic priest before he entered the chaplaincy.The buildings of the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District tell this story. For two years before Father Schmitt entered the military, St. Mary's Is where Father Schmitt lived, where he prayed, where he preached, where he counseled,where he comforted,where he taught and where he supervised the kids at play in the schoolyard. These are the types of experiences that would have prepared him for his military chaplainry. These experiences would have helped to give him the fortitude and courage to act selflessly and heroically on December 7, 1941. The buildings of the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District are the most appropriate buildings to Illustrate the life of Father Schmitt as he was gaining his ministerial experience directly priortojoiningthe Navy chaplaincy. Father Schmitt's experience at St. Mary's Is vital to understanding his heroic actions at Pearl Harbor that led to his death and notoriety as the first chaplain to dle in World War II. Therefore, the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District qualifies for listing on the National Register of Historic Places for local, statewide and national significance under Criterion 8 for its connection to the life of Father Aloysius Schmitt CriterionC—St Mary's Catholic ChurchHistoricDistrict—Architecture A. Introduction As lands in the United States west of the Mississippi River were being settled In the mid-1800s, settlers brought with them their desire to create a place they could call home. Once communities and cities became more established, residents of developing areas in the Midwest United States endeavored to construct buildings that conveyed a sense of permanence and stability, Both new European Immigrants and migrants from the eastern United States sought to recreate surroundings they left, As the German Immigrants of St. Mary's in Dubuque became more established, they designed their parish buildings in several revival styles of architecture, The Jackson Street School Is Romanesque Revival and the Rectory is Second Empire/Gothic Revival, The Casino was originally designed In the Romanesque Revival Style, However,the most distinctive building on the St Mary's Parish complex is the Gothic Revival Church, a monument to their faith. By the 1860s, the Gothic Revival style of architecture symbolized a political movement and a quest for NPS Form 10.900e OMB Na 1024,0018 (Ms) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 57 Property name St. Mary's Catholic HistoricDistrlct County and State Dubucue. iowa Identity for Catholics In the western part of Germany. Many of the German Immigrants to Dubuque came from Westphalia, the Rhineland, Bavaria and other western provinces of Germany. They brought with them memories of the great Gothic cathedrals they left behind In the old country, Consequently they sought an architect who would build in the Gothic Revival style. Interestingly, they chose an Irish Immigrant architect who received his architecture training and experience in England and Ireland. St, Mary's Gothic Revival architecture displays elements of both the English and the German Iterations of the Gothic Revival style, melded in a way that best utilized then-available local building materials and construction technologies.The St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District,with Its Gothic Revival Church (ane of the oldest remaining hlgh•style Gothic Revival churches in the State of Iowa), is one of the oldest remaining Intact ensembles of religious buildings In the State of Iowa. B, Contextual Background—Gothic Revival Architecture 1. Backaround Gothic architecture originated in northern Prance in the 1100s and spread rapidly throughout Western Europe. It was characterized by Its large, soaring interior spaces, walls of stained glass supported by buttresses and rich sculptural details, both interior and exterlor. Gothic architecture dominated Europe until the early 1500s!'The Renaissance ushered in intellectualism and material realism,taking the place of medieval spiritualltylm The Protestant Reformation split the European church; thus diminishing the availability of religious building projects. Therefore, Gothic architecture became less favored as an architectural style by the mid-1500s. In the late eighteenth (entury, architects began to re-examine the architectural designs of the medieval period. Gothic Revival in Europe was a response to the overuse of the classical style predominant In Europe in the sixteenth,seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. While the Gothic Revival movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth Centuries was motivated by architectural and artistic aesthetic, it was also reaction to a perceived rise In secularism and Industrialization."' Speaking at Strasbourg Cathedral In 1772,the German poet Johann Wolfgang Goethe described the Cathedral as the"most sublime,wide- arching Tree of God, telling forth to the neighborhood the glory of the Lord. As in all works of eternal 108 Richard W.E.Perrin,'Pointed Arches and Buttressed Wallsi Gothic Styilsm and Wisconsin Architecture'The Ivisconsio MagazlneofHlstory,Vol,47,No.3 Spling,1963): 241. 109 Ibf'd. 110 Phoebe B.Stanton,The GothicRevivol&AmerkonChurch Archlrecourz(Baltimore,MD.: TheJohns Hopkins University Press, 1966),Nviii, NPS FDV 109001 OMB NO,10244018 pas) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 58 Property name St, Mary's CalholicHlstorlcDistrict County and State Dubuque Iowa Nature, down to the minutest fibril,all Is shaped,all purposes to the whole."1 ' After Goethe's comments, a number of architects and commentators in Europe began examining Gothic architecture as the embodiment of the Christian faith and practices. By the early to mid-Nineteenth century, the Gothic Revival style of architecture reached Its full flower In Europe. Each region had its own particular spin on the Gothic Revival style. 2. EnoIIshGothic Revival In England,the rise of Gothic Revival architecture in the nineteenth century coincided with a movement in the Anglican Church for a "greater formal richness" In the Anglican liturgy and 'visual opulence" in church architecture,"' Proponents of English Gothic Revival architecture looked to three eras in English Gothic history as models for the appropriate Gothic Revival style in new construction. The first "Early English" period (ending 1290) was characterized by lancet windows and traces of Norman influence."' The second "Decorated" era 11290 to 1350)was marked by"rich ornament and spatial complexity,"" The I "Perpendicular" period (1350 on) was characterized by "verticality, linearity, slenderness and increasing complexity In rib patterns.""' According to English Gothic Revival style, an appropriate Christian church should have a nave and a well-defined chancel. The chancel should be not less than one-third the length ofthe nave,,, The chancel should beat least two steps above the floor of the nave and the altar should be at least one step above the floor of the chancel,"' The church should be built in stone of a local variety rather than brick", The most famous proponent of the English Gothic Revival style was Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812.1852) (Figure 38). In his travels Pugin noticed the contrasts of what he considered the drab, squalid,classical architecture ofthe industrial citiesof Birmingham and Manchester,v iththe grandeur of the majestic gothic cathedrals and parish churches of the English countryside, His favorite city in England was picturesque Salisbury, particularly because of Its imposing gothic cathedral with its towering, turreted central spire (Figure 39), Over time, as he became more famlllar with gothic architecture, he came to associate medieval gothic architecture with all that was right in England. Conversely, he equated the popular classical architecture of the industrial period with all that was wrong with England. 111 Perrin,741 117Stanton,xlx. 11316id.xxi. 114lbid 1151614 116CaminidgeCamden Society,AFew Words to Church Builders(Londom Cambridge University Press,1841),4. 1171Wd,11. 1181bid„9. NPS Form 10400.8 OMB No.102k018 (8.88) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 59 Property name St Mary's Catholic Kato rlcDlstrlct County and State DubumueIowa Increasingly, his affinity for gothic architecture Impacted his religious views. He saw gothic an and architecture as means of reviving Christendom. 1" III+,Ipo l'I I ' 1`I�'l' :10, .� Flgure37. Augustus Pug In'sremoving olhis mythlal"Peden Flgure7A. uguN a amore gnlean awn. Artist Church.i119 unhawn,nu Figure 30. Artists Aender ng ofSillsbayCnMdd. Defe unknown,Art unkmamlol 119 A.Welby Pugin,The nuettinciples ofPDlntedorChristianArchitecture,(New York NY: St Martin Press,1973 republished from the 1841 original), 120 Picture Creflt Ihttp.(len.wlklpedla.orglwikllAuguvus_PuglnlmedlavimtiFk;Augustus_Welby_Nor%morepugl%frortNPG.Jpgl 121 PlctureCredlt:Ihttpalwww.ddukphotos.coMgraphlcdEngland%20PhotoAlll4hirg%20Sallsbury%20Cathedral%2011.Jpg) NPs Farm 1MOO a OMB No.1024-001a (W61 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section. — Page 60 Property name Sl Mary's Catholic Historic Diedci CountyandSlate Dubuque Iowa — In his travels abroad early in his career he found that he was particularly fond of the German style of gothic architecture because, unlike the English, the Germans did not deface, denude or destroy great German gothic architecture during the Reformation. He experienced a particular epiphany while visiting the Lorenzkirche (the Church of St. Lawrence) in Nuremberg, Germany (Bavaria), a former Catholic cathedral prior to the Lutheran Reformation. He was amazed to find that the Lutheran reformers had not destroyed the Catholic statues,stripped the altars or broken the stained glass wlndows as the Protestant reformers had done in England. "Everything was still there: the thirteen Gothic altars,the stained glass, the candlesticks and, hanging in the choir, the Angelic Salutation, the two life-size figures of the Virgin and the Angel Gabriel, suspended as in a vision, amid the soaring piers" Of the experience,Pugin stated, "I could have repeated the song of Simeon without profanation." He was transfixed by "the soaring German Gothic of steep roofs and massive towers. ..The immense height of the arcades, compared with the English Gothic, seized his Imagination. The vastness of these calumniated spaces . . . marked his architectural imagination for years to come.",, Pugin's first Gothic Revival churches combined elements of English Gothic and German Gothic as illustrated in the designs for St Mary's in Derby and St Alban's In Macclesfield!" In his The True Principles of Pointed or Chnstion Architecture(1841), Pugin explained that the "two great rules for design" of Gothic structures are: "1 st, that there should be no features about a building which are not necessary for convenience, construction, or propriety; 2nd, that all ornament should consist of enrichment of the essential construction of the building."°° He also believed that very proper Christian church should have a tower, topped by a spire. Pugin observed that proper gothic towers were built of "solid buttresses and walls rising from a massive base, and gradually diminishing and enriching as they rise, till they were terminated in a heaven-pointing spire surrounded by clusters of pinnacles, and forming a beautiful and instructive emblem of Christianity's brightest hopes."1° 3. German GothicRevlval In Germany, Gothic architecture developed more slowly In the medieval period. In the middle ages, Germany was divided in many small,Independent states and city-states. Therefore,there was no national architecture In Germany In the medieval period, Romanesque architecture was the dominant form of architecture in the German states until the thirteenth century. Thereafter, the Germans adopted a fully 122 Rosemary HIII,God's Architect. Pugin and the9ullding orflomanh'c9ritarn,(New Haven,CT: Yale University Press,20071,121 1231bid.,201. 124 A.wall Pugh,The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture,,(NewYork,NY: St.Martin Press,1973 republished from the 1941 original),3, 125 ibid. NPS Farm 14900a OMS No.1029010 (me) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 61 Property name St. Mary's Catholic HistorlcDistrict County and State Dubuque Iowa mature French Gothic style14 Notwithstanding the adoption of the French Gothic, the German Gothic style evolved into Its own style characterized by "the traceried spire, the popular use of brick and terra cotta and the development of the Hallenkirche—the hall church"" The hall church is one In which the nave and the aisles have approximately equal height It gives a feeling of great spaciousness and brings the whole congregation closer to the pulpit. The hall church developed as a result of the predominance of German preaching orders in the middle ages.' While there was no central movement in Germany guiding a cohesive development of German Gothic Revival In the early 1800s,Gothic Revival ultimately became an expression of what it meantto be Catholic in Germany in the early to mid 1800s. In the early nineteenth century, Germany was a loose unit of a number of states with differing governments and with populations of either Lutheran or Roman Catholic.'°' After the revolution of 1848, with increasing Prussian Protestant centralized rule, German Catholics bristled at the German government's attempts to stifle some of their Catholic practices and beliefs. German Catholics looked with longing to medieval period In Germany with its multiple kingdoms and principalities not governed by a central ruler. German Catholic leaders viewed the Gothic architecture of the medieval period as the optimal style of architecture for conveying their Identity as GermanCathollcs"a The completion of the Roman Catholic Cologne Cathedral In Germany helped define the German Gothic Revival architecture in the nineteenth century.131 Construction on the Cologne Cathedral commenced in the second half of the thirteenth century, but was never completed until the mid-1800s. Work on the Cologne Cathedral helped establish a preference for the mid-thirteenth centuryGothic style as the model for German Gothic Revival. Thereafter,features prominent in the Cologne Cathedral, such as the gableof the main porch and open-work spires,came to characterize German Gothic Revival. 4, Gothic Revival Churches lnTheEarly United States In the United States, the Gothic Revival style of architecture did not begin to take hold until Americans were exposed to the novels of Sir Walter Scott Scott's novels introduced Americans to the gothic 126 Perrin,239, 127 Vd,239-240, 128Ibid.,240. 129 Karen Davld•Sirocko,"Angla-German Intercomesions During the Gothic Revival: A Case Study from the Work of Georg Gottlob Ungewltter," ArchitectumlHlstory,Vol,41 (1998),153-A 130 Michael I Lewis,TheGoMicAevlvol(London: Thames&Hudson,Ltd,X0204, 131 Ibld„156. NPS Form 10.900.9 OMB No.1024.0019 IB861 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectiono Page 62 Property name 81Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Dubuque Iowa aesthetic through his historic narrative, heroic characters and detailed descriptions of gothic buildings,"' In the 1820s and 1830s, the United States was experiencing social upheaval resulting from rapid industrialization and urban growth. While immediately after the Revolutionary War,Americans looked to classical architecture as a break from their English past, the novels of Sir Walter Scott reconnected Americans to their common English and Christian heritage. Gothic Revival architecture created an aura of instant stability,history and tradition. One of the first successful American Gothic Revival church architects was Richard Upjohn. He was commissioned to design a new church for Trinity Episcopal parish In New York City. While designing Trinity, he became familiar with the writings of Augustus Pugin'aa Upjohn's design for Trinity bears a close resemblance to Pugin's "Ideal Church" illustrated in True Principfesl" (Figure 37 compared with Figure 40). Upjohn's successful Trinity commission earned him commissions throughout the United States, in places such as Raleigh, North Carolina, Buffalo, New York, Albany, New York and Boston, Massachusetts. He also designed small rural churches, chapels and meetinghouses for no fee, scattering his designs throughout rural areas,", James Renwick is another American architect responsible for the spread of the popularity of Gothic Revival In church design, In 1843, Renwick won the commission for the design of New York's Grace Church (Figure 41). His English Gothic Revival design based on Pugin's principles was widely praised in architectural circles.',, His success in the design of Grace Church led to his selection as architect for the design of New Yorks Roman Catholic St. Patrick's Cathedral In 1853"' Renwick used elements of French, German and English Gothic in his design for St. Patrick's Cathedral, St. Patrick's Cathedral is the first church in the United States that Is on a scale comparable to European Cathedrals French Gothicism inspires its three-portal fa4ade, while its twin, tapered, ornamented spires are distinctly German. The Interior Is English Gothic in the Decorated style,dominated by English vaulted ceilings.p1 132 Calder Loth and Julius Trousdale Sadler,Jr.,The Only Proper Style-GothicArchbeceureIn America Boon,MA: Newyork Graphic Sodq 1975,42. 133 told,60, 134 ibid. 1361614.166. 137 iNd, 138 ibid. NPS From INWa OMB No.1024-0018 (&N) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 63 Property name St, Mary's Catholic HlslorlcDistrict CountyandStale Dubuque, Ina cru< cm,rd. e.. via,. ( 4 li �' ipI .aneKAT . tl al.9nM It Ie 'a il,lo li , la Flgun90.idnityChmaM1 lUpJohnh W6unxnmmr npum4l.GmnChurrh lamwlMi,Dareunrnown.,w Patrick Charles Keely Is another architect of the mid-to-late nineteenth century who Is known for his Gothic Revival church designs In the United States, most predominantly In New York and New England, Though his reputation is not as widely known as either Upjohn or Renwick, Keely was a prolific architect, most closely associated with the Catholic Church, Patrick Keely was a Roman Catholic born In Ireland In 1816. He immigrated to the United States In 18421" Keely's father was a builder In Ireland, allowing Keely to gain experience as a carpenter before he moved to the United States. Keely was not known as an architect until after he received his first commission In 1847 to design and build St. Peter and Paul Church In Brooklyn, New York.r� As a rare Catholic with architectural skills and experience, Keely became the favored architect for the Catholic Church In the nineteenth on the east coast and to a lesser extent In the Midwest United States, particularly Chicago, His designs ranged from small parish churches to 139 Picture Credit:hitpJ/www.nyc-archlteaure.mmlLMAMD47-TRINRKHURCH,htm 140 Picture Credit hrtp:I/www.rycago.oN/Organs/NYC/html GraceEpls mm) 141 l Philip McAleer,"The Irish Pugin of America,° IrishArtrRevltw,Vol,4,No.3(Autumn, 1987), 17, 142Ibid. NPS Form 104DU OMB No,1024.0018 (8,86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 64 Property name St Mary's CathotC Histric District County and State Dubuoue Iowa cathedrals such as the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston,Massachusetts and the Cathedral of the Holy Name in Chicago,Illinois, Many of Keely's church designs were Gothic Revival in style, particularly because the Gothic Revival style was immensely popular In the period during which Keely was working. Because of Keely's numerous Gothic Revival church designs,some have dubbed Patrick Keely as the 'Irish Pugin In America" However, there is no documentation that Indicates that Keely had any connection to Pugin or Pugin's designs either before Keely left Ireland or during Keely's later architectural career. Keely left Ireland in 1842 before Pugin, his designs and his writings became widely known."' However, Pugin had designed several buildings In Ireland In the late 1830s and early 1840s that Keely might have either seen or known about."' Keelyxs architectural practice was simllartoPugin's in that they built similar building types(large parish churches),employed a relatively simple repertoire of plans,favored square or rectangular chancels and utilized wooden, bracketed double-pitched ceilings in place of vaults.," Additionally,some of Keely's exterior facades were similar in appearance to Puglnesque-style churches. However,the key evidence that Keely was not a purist Pugin disciple is that many of Keely's church designs were not Gothic Revival in style. Many of Keely's church designs were Romanesque Revival,Classical Revival and Baroque In style. Though Gothic Revival architects In the United States where aware of Pugin's writings and designs,they did not feel required to follow those recommendations to the letter, The requirements of church building committees,limited construction budgets and scarcity of local materials often caused American architects to deviate from Gothic Revival orthodoxy. Where local stone was not available,architects used brick as a building material, a practice that Pugin would have frowned upon. Similarly, more often than not, architects used plaster decorative vaulting in American Gothic Revival Interiors rather than actual stone vaulting. C. ArchitectJohn Mullany John Mullanywas born onluly30, 1813In Cahir,CountyTipperary In Ireland,"' Notmuch is known about the fife of John Mullany, His father was an architect/builder,so it was natural that Mullany grew up with a desire to train as an architect. The most significant aspect of John Mullany's life is that around 1840, Mullany moved to England where he worked for Augustus Pugin for approximately four years. Ina letter to John Mullany's oldest son, John I. Mullany, Brother Kieran Mullany, a relative of John Mullany wrote; 143Ibid. 1441b;d.,20 1451b;d„21, 146"Architect Mullany,"The Dubuque Thes,19 April,1884. NPS Form IUD04 OMB No,10a4.0018 18861 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section B Page 65 Property name St. Mary'sCalhollcHistoric Dislrict County and State Dubuque Iowa your father and mother went to England and resided in Manchester...They remained 1n England over four years, most of that time your father was with the great architect [Augustus] Welby Pugin.11" It appears that Mullany was strongly Influenced by Augustus Pugin and the Gothic Revival style of Architecture. He was also clearly influenced by references to Gothic architecture In Europe. While there is little information about John Mullany's work In England or Ireland or the extent of John Mullany's connection to Augustus Pugin, it is clear that Mullany's years spent in England from 1840 to 1844 were busy and productive years for Augustus Pugin In his young architectural career, Pugln published True Principles of Pointed Architecture in 1841. Several of Pugin's earliest church commissions were nearing completion In 1839.180, just as Mullany was beginning his association with Pugin. Therefore, Mullany would have been well versed in Pugin's Gothic Revival artistic style during his time In England. Mullany immigrated to the United States in 1847. He was most likely following his brother Patrick (Stanislausl, who was a Catholic monk Brother Stanislaus, along with a group of other monks, established the New Melleray Abbey southwest of Dubuque,Iowa in the 1840s. Mullany first settled in La Salle,III lnois,then moved to Dubuque,Iowa In 1857. MuIlany's subsequent known work Is clear evidence that Mullany was greatly influenced by the designs of Augustus Pugin and examples of Gothic architecture in Europe. In addition to St Mary's,John Mullany designed two other buildings in the Dubuque area in the Gothic Revival style of architecture; The Cathedral of St. Raphael and the original buildings of New Melleray Abbey, All three buildings exhibit unmistakable characteristics of Augustus Pugin's Gothic Revival design aesthetic. John Mullany often referenced historic Gothic architecture in Europe to sell his clients on the design style of a proposed building. He claimed that St. Raphael Cathedral was modeled after the chapel at Magdalen College In Oxford England, St. Mary's was modeled after Salisbury Cathedral in England, New Melleray Abbey was modeled after Mellifont Abbey In Ireland and that his proposed design for a new St. Mary's church in Guttenberg, Iowa (never built) was modeled after the Senils Cathedral in FrancOl It is more likely that each of his designs was based on more contemporary Gothic Revival buildings Mullany had seen during his work In Ireland and England,but his references to more ancient,well-known,revered buildings shown his talent asa salesman. 1. St.Raphael Cathedral, Dubuque, Iowa 147 Letterfrom Br.Kieran Mullanyto John 1.Mullany(son of Jahn Mullany)dated November 19,1889. Archives of the Trappist Momestary of New Mel leray,Peasta,Iowa, 148'Another New Church;Dubuque Daily Times.8 August 1865. NPS Form 10-9004 OMB No,102441a seal I United Slates Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet section B Page 66 Property name St Mary's Catholic Historic 01ii t County and State Dubume Iowa Mullany'sfrstcommission in Dubuque was in 1857 when he was selected to design the new Cathedral of St. Raphael,the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dubuque(Figure 0, Mullany was likely invited to come to Dubuque by the Reverend Clement Smyth, then coadjutor of the Diocese of Dubuque!" Clement Smyth was previously Prior at New Melleray Abbey and would have likely known John Mullany through Brother Stanislas, Mullany's brother, After Bishop Loras' death, Clement Smyth went on to become the second Bishop of the Diocese of Dubuque. Mullany's plan for the design of St. Raphael was Gothic Revival, The dimensions were elghty-three feet across and one hundred sixty-three feet deep. The peak of the roof was eightydlve feet high and the spire was to be two hundred forty-three feet tall.1 ' In accordance with proper Gothic Revival design, St. Raphael has a nave and a clearly defined chancel that is at least one-third the size of the nave, Shortly after the design of St. Raphael was complete,the Panic of 1857 caused Mullany's plans to be scaled back The height and depth of the church were trimmed, Construction of the tower and spire was delayed. The spire was never completed. What Mullany completed shows the definite influence of Augustus Pugin. Several of the histories of St Raphael have mentioned that Mullany used the chapel at Magdalen College at Oxford (built In the thirteenth century) as the inspiration for the design of the Cathedral. While that may have been true for some of the details,the appearance of St Raphael (Figure 421 bears a resemblance to St. Mary's Church in Derby, England (Figure 43),a Pugin-designed church that was completed In 1839,shortly before Mullany began working in England, Although, the interior has been completely remodeled several times, Mullany's distinctive designs live on in the design of the chancel screen (designed by Mullany)(Figure 44) and the tracery of the distinctive lancet window on the front of the tower(Figure 45),111 149 Brother Colman Heffem,OCSO,"Clement Smyth,Civil War Bishop,"Clteaux Commenter))Clstercienses,No,3119681,200. 150 Rev,William E.Wilkle,°150 years In the Lives of the Cathedrals,°me nness,to3uly,1983. 151 Clemen 5mylh,CIv1lWarBishoA101. NPS For 168004 One he.1024416 (p80) United States Department of the Interlor National Palk Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 67 Property name St. Mary's Catholic historic District County and State Dubuoue, lowa i ji Figure 42,Mat apo atographer Figure 43, Pugir's St.Mary's,Derby,tog land, Date unknown. unknown,152 Photographer unknoem.151 152 PictureCredid Archdiocese of Dubuque Archives-St.Raphael File, 153 Picture Credit:http://www,puglnfoundation.org/derby_galleryPitemml051 NPS Form 10.9001 OMB No.102W01B (a•aa) UnDed States Department of the Interior Natonal Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section S Page Sift Property name St Mary's Catholic HlstodcDlslrict County and State Dubuque Iowa 1 I h ��) d ' Y 1 Pi i Agora 44. SL Raphael Cathedral Chanalgareen-Designed by John Mullany,154 Figure 45.Sr.Raphael Cathedral Tower Vn<atWindow.Dealgned bylohnMullany m 154 Picture Credit: Duane Hagerty,October,2013. 15S Picture Creft Duane Hagerty,October,2013, NPS Farm 10.9004 OMS No.10240018 (sea) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 69 Property rame St, Man1i;Catholic Historic DlBtrlct County and State Dubuoue. lowa 2. New Melleray Abbeyoricinalwings),Peosta, Iowa Mullany's design for the original wings of the present New Melleray Abbey was begun In 1867, after St. Mary's was substantially complete. Mullany again designed the building in the Gothic Revival style (Figure 461, A newspaper account of the planning of the Abbey stated, '. , , the details of its plan are copied from the order of architecture used by the Clsterclans In the 11m century,embracing much of the gothic style. .....1, Upon review of the plans by the General Chapter of the Cistercian Order In France,the head of the order wrote,'it would be the most perfect institution of the Cistercian Order In the World, "' • 04 Flgum4(,MulMny'sNow Mabry Abbty,Fix%lowarsa FleuM47. Point's Mount St.Bomanl Abbe, Lekestershim nglend, 183 HO" New Melleray Historians suggest that the Cistercian Mellifant Abbey in County Louth, Ireland was the model on which Mullany relied for the design, It is most likely, however, that Mullany looked to the designs of Augustus Pugh's Mount St. Bernard Abbey In Leicestershire, England as the basis for his design of New Melleray Abbey (Figure 47). The principal monastery buildings for Mount St. Bernard Abbey were built between 1839 and 1844,mughiythe period of Mullany's stay in England. 156"Sketch of the Immense Cloister to be Erected at New Melleray,' Dubuque Dally Times,28 December,1867, 157 ibid. 158 Picture Credit: Duane Hagerty. October,2013, 159 Picture Credit:http://www.vlctodanweb.orgfal/architecture/pugin/27.html NPS Fam 108DO a OMB Na.ID240DIa (me) United States Department of the Interior National Pads Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Seclionj__ Page 70 Property name St, Mary's Catholic Historic Cistrio County and State Dubuaue Iowa There are many characteristics of the quadrangle design similar to New Melleray. In both instances, the wings of the quadrangle are two-story stone structures. The ends of the wings have gables with a chimney rising up the center of the gable. Corner buttresses support the walls. The designs are similar enough to conclude that Mullany would have been aware of the plans for Mount St. Bernard and used some of the design features of Mount St.Bernard Abbey In his design of New Melleray Abbey, The other intriguing fact is that Mount St. Bernard Abbey in Leicestershire, England and New Melleray Abbey in Iowa share the same mother Abbey in Ireland: Mount Melleray Abbey, the original home of the monks (Including John Mullany's brother) who left Ireland in the late 18405 to establish New Melleray Abbey in Iowa. It is quite possible that, with Mullany's Cistercian connections, he worked on the plans for Mount St Bernard Abbey in England. D, M ullany's Design for St,Mary's Church.Dubuque,Iowa Of Mullany's three known surviving Gothic Revival structures,St, Mary's is Mullany's masterwork;his best example of the Gothic Revival style. In 1863, Mullany was awarded the commission to design St, Mary's. The church has a nave and well-defined chancel, although the proportion of the chancel to the nave is less than ideal according to Ecclesiologlst gothic principles, The original design as constructed had pinnacles on all of the exterior corners of the church, Including the chancel (Figure 48). The tower is multi4lered with pinnacles on multiple levels, rapped by a dramatic, soaring spire accented by gothic tracery and dormers at multiple levels. Similarto St Raphael,the interior nave is divided Into three aisles. The chancel is five steps elevated from the nave. The telling of the central nave of the church is composed of a unique system of plaster fan vaulting, evoking the Perpendicular Style of English Gothic architecture, It is a design that Is rarely seen In the United States, As a church for a German congregation, the design is a Hollenklrche(hall church) style. There is no clerestory. However, Mullany evoked the illusion of a clerestory by inserting false windows in what would normally be the clerestory level. The exterior roof dormers also gave the Illusion of a clerestory. Early descriptions of Mullany's designfor St.Mary's state that the tower of Salisbury Cathedral In England (Figure 39) ashis inspiration for the tower ofSt.Mary's'° However, Mullany'sdirect Inspiration was most likely Augustus Pugin's design for St. George Cathedral, the Roman Catholic Cathedral In Southwark London (Figure49). Pugin was working on the design for St.George from 1839 through the mid-1840S. Although there is no evidence the Mullany worked on the designs for St.George, it is likely that Mullany was aware of Pugin's designs for St,George, Though on a smaller scale,the design for St,Mary's bears a 160"Dedication of St.Mary+sChurch,"DubuqveXa yHereld,t Feb,1867, NP8 Form 10•904a We No,1024.0018 (a.96) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 71 Property name St. Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Dubuque, Iowa resemblance to the architect's rendering of the pians for St. George, Because of lack of funds,the tower for St,George was never bulls n 1b I. y �yi., .• gamlo4wXW4 Figure 48, Rendering for St.Mary's,Grtaand auraueonunknown,1fi1 Figure 49, Pugin's design rendering for St.Going%Semheaast, London.ru Fortunately,oneof Pugh's lesser-known designsthat is based of his plan forthe towerof St.George was actually built Pugin had a close friendship with Scottish architect James Gillespie Graham, In 1842, Graham was constructing Tolbooth St John's Church in Castlehill, Edinburgh, Scotland, During a visit to Scotland that year, Pugin had "given Graham a design for the spire, a copy of the one he had Just made for St. George's, Southwark, where work was still going on slowly for lack of fundi The similarities between the tower for St.Mary's and the tower on Tollbooth Kirk are many(Figure 50,Figure Si). Though St. Mary's tower Is more slender and simple, the design Is similar. Both designs have substantial bases 161 Picture Credit, Center for Dubuque History,Loras College-St Mary File, 162 Picture Credit,hftpV/www.victorianwebory alt/archltecturelpugINI I htmi 163 God's Architect,273. NPS Folm 101 OMB No.1024aIs imo) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectiones Page 72_ Property name sr Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Dubuoue Iowa with buttresses at the corners rising three to four stories. A clock adorns the middle of the tower, Above the clock the tower terminates with pinnacles on four corners Flanking louvered dormers. Flying buttresses span from the corner pinnacles to the dormers on both towers (Figure 52, Figure 531. Slender, octagonal spires top both towers. Both towers rise approximately 250 feet. I � C e I� f n0una0.Mdleny'eet.Mny'a.G,1B67101 ngunS3. yu91n'slGraham'siolhoota NlrN,Scotland.�°S 164 Picture Credit: Samuel Root Stereograph Collection of Paul Juhl,Iowa City,Iowa, 165 Picture Credit,http:l(wwwscotcltles.com/capital,htrn NPS Form 10-DOW 0148 No.1029018 la•Bal United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section S Page 73 Property name Si Mam'sCatholic Historic District County and Slate Dubuque Iowa r- 1 YIy M 1 ;- I FlAurefa. St.Mary'sTour•DWIIsi66 iqun53.To16aethYJrkTowerDWlh. Danunknrun. Plubg repha u nkaown.t 67 Mullany's design for Sc Mary's departs from Pugin's designs in Mullany's selection of materials for the construction of St. Mary's. Gothic Revival architects preferred the use of solid stone masonry in the construction of their buildings, They would have frowned upon the use of brick as the material for a Gothic Revival structure. However, In the 1860s, building-grade stone was not readily available in the Dubuque vicinity. While there were many limestone quarries in and around Dubuque at the time, the type of limestone in the area was too soh and chalky for above-grade building structures. Therefore, brick was the only financially feasible masonry construction material at the time of St. Mary's construction, Also, German Gothic Revival churches were more likely to use brick as Its construction material, Many of St.Mary's Gothic details(the tower pinnacles,tracery on the spire,etcl are constructed of sheet metal,an innovation that was relatively new in construction of the period. The use of brick and sheet metal allowed the St. Mary's parish to build a large, Gothic Revival church, without the attendant high cost of solid masonry construction, St. Maryvs is John Mullany's Gothic Revival masterpiece and the best example of his known work, It displays an amalgamation of English and German Gothic Revival Influences, utilizing building materials 166 Picture Credit. Duane Hagerty. October 2013. 167 Picture Credit httpVtupload.wiklrnedlaarglwlklpedlalcommonslala41Fomxr Tolhooth Church%2C_Castleh111%2C EdlnburghJPG NPS Form 10-90oa We No.10240018 leas) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section8 Page 74 Property name Sl Mary's Catholic HlslodcDIMili County and State Dubuque Iowa readily available in the relatively Isolated central midwest United States. His documented connection to Augustus Pugin In England and his emulation of Augustus Pugin's Gothic Revival style make John Mullany a significant Gothic Revival archltectofthe period. E, St,Mary's Church w Interior Design/Decoration St. Mary's Church has retained most of its interior architecture from its original 1861 construction, including the distinctive fan vaulted ceilings of the center aisle of the nave. This contributes to Its significance as one of the earliest, finest and most Intact high-style Gothic Revival churches in Iowa, Between 1911 and 1913,the St. Mary's parish embarked on a major renovation ofthe Church. While the renovations altered some of the original architecture of the Church,they did not detract from the original design, In fact, the renovations resulted In the interior decorative scheme that exists today, It is one of the most stunning decorative religious Interiors in the State of Iowa and retains a high degree of integrity. The interior of St, Mary's displays exquisite design, artistry and craftsmanship executed by ethnic German artists,artisans and craftsmen in the early 1900s, Trueto Its German roots,the St Mary's parish hired the Erhard Brielmaier& Sons Co, architecture firm In Mllwaukee,Wisconsln to plan the Interior design for the 1911.1913 renovations. The Brielmaier firm was comprised of a family of German ethnic architects, designers, wood carvers and artists focusing almost exclusively on Catholic church design and decoration. In 1912, the St. Mary's parish commissioned Clothilda Brielmaler, a German American woman artist, to paint the mural of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the central focus of the interior decorative scheme. They subcontracted with Joseph Walter, an Austrian American artist, to paint the remainder of the Brielmaler•designed interior decoration. 1. Assumption of St Mary Mural —ClothiIda Brielmaier, Anist Clothilda Elizabeth Brielmaler was born in Piqua,dhio on March 4, 1867,the second daughter of Erhard and Theresa Brielmaler, Erhard Brielmaier moved his family to Milwaukee, Wisconsin In 1873 where he and three of his sons established the architecture firm of Erhard Brielmaler and Sons Co. They are credited with designing over 1p00 churches throughout the United States, Clothilda Brielmaier spent manyyears in Europe training as a classical artist, mainly in Munich and Rome',' When she returned to the United States, she set up an artist studio in downtown Milwaukee, Clothilda Brielmaler Is credited with being one of the first women to set upa professional an studio in the United States.1 , She received 166 Jennifer w.Schumacher,6ermankiwoukee,Arcadia Pub„ Charleston,S420091 p.$3. 1691bid. NPS Form 10.900•a of No.18240018 (8.80) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 75 Properly name SI Mary's Catholic Hisloric Dishlcl County and State Dubuque Iowa many of her commissions through her father's contacts as a prolific church architect. Her brother Alphonswasalso a noted church decorator,so shealso collaborated with him, MISS CLOTILBA BRIELMAIER, &IhuINN Ill ITUDIO: UXIV[P91ry BLDG Mll WI1. Al dm ummm fwWARm,N ewm.n 11 THO iwnl. f r. . � I 1 i ... 1 .{ to A „ rll a•ml� • w Yw hl Bill B6+m BM.a N y Lni tl l Blom. ryl y;1°r N21. II,WT1ww11I,6, If BBiuI ,.Iltn• ryy�Qwlo , II a11= 1n1 M1Yt.J M% Dili I ,e (.�,�f/ JWf Flgure Sl. Clothllda BrlelmalerAdveniument,in Flgureas. Photo ofClomIlde Brlelmelwlahnrtudla Date unknoum.Phototrpherunknoun.n For the St. Mary's Interior decorative design, Clothllda Brlelmaler "conceived the thought, that, upon entering St, Mary's, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin should be the central picture, because the 170PIctureCredit Milwaukee Catholic Directory, 171 PlctureCredlt Dyersville,Iowa Historical Society-St.Francis Xavier Church File. NPS Fpm 10•e00a OMB No.IoMo19 la-aeJ United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section6 Page 76 Property name Sl Mary's Catholic Historic Dlshic County and State Dubuque Iowa church is dedicated to Mary under that title"" The 35-foot mural was thought to be the largest mural in a religious building in the State of Iowa at the time. The story of the Assumption is as follows; The Apostles were preaching the gospel in various pans of the world. When, after the death of the Blessed Virgin, the body of Mary was to be taken Into heaven, the Apostles were miraculously brought together, and they gathered about Mary's tomb and saw her taken into heaven. Thomas, however, was not present. He doubted the story of Mary's Assumption Into heaven after he arrived. And then the Apostles again opened the tomb; the body of Mary was gone, and to and behold, beautiful lilies and roses sprung up. Thomas looked up Into the heavens; there he beheld the Blessed Virgin slowly going upward. Mary,perceiving the doubting Thomas,dropped her cincture into his hands"3 Clothilda Brielmalei's painting depicts the legend as described above. In the lower part of the mural,the Apostles gather around the empty tomb filed with lilies and roses. Thomas is in the center holding the cincture that Mary dropped into his hands from above. The very top of the mural shows Mary being crowned asQueen of Heaven bythe Blessed Trinity flanked byadoring angels. Clothilda Brielmaier Is known to have painted murals in churches throughout the country, predominately in the Midwest, In her advertisement,she mentions two Dubuque priests as references for her work, so her work was well known in Dubuque and the surrounding region. Clothilda Brielmaier died on March 29, 1915. Many of her church murals have been destroyed either due to natural disaster or the simplification policy of Catholic churches after Vatican II, The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary mural at St Mary's is oneofClothilda Brielmaler's largest remaining religious murals. 2, StencilsandAngelMurals-JoseohWalter,Art� Not much is known about Joseph Walter's commission to execute the interior design plans prepared by the Brlelmaier firm. Parish histories state that Joseph Walter was subcontracted to finish the Brielmaier design after the death of one of the Brielmaiersprevented them from completing their work. Minutes of the St. Mary's parish board Indicate that Joseph Walter was paid $4,078.50 in 1912 to paint the murals and stencils,", The angel murals on the ceiling of the center aisle of the nave are definitely the original work of Joseph Walter because they are similar In style to paintings Joseph Walter completed on the ceiling of St. Peter and Paul Catholic Church in Petersburg, Iowa, Compare Figure 56 (St.Mary's murals) 172"f he Assumption,"A Sermon by Fotherhyen,1943. 1731brd. 174 PoOBoard Mlnures,May28,1912,St.MoVArchlves,located at the Pastoral Center,Archdiocese of Dubuque. NPS Fon 10.900•a OMB No. 1024.001a (wa) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 77 Property name$t. Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Dubucue Iowa to Figure 57(Ss. Peter and Paul murals). , I 1 Flgunl6St.MerySAnpelNunh1911Pa F4gun97,9S,PehrendlwlAnpel Muu6 w191eQ6 In 1897, Joseph Walter said tearful goodbyes to his friends In the Tyrolean Alpine region of Austria and took off fora new Ilk in America, "Someday,maybe I'll be back,"he told his friends!" Upon arrival to the United States,Walter made his way to Dubuque where he immediately fell in love with the town and the countryside, "Dubuque,there is no other place in the country quite like it," said Walters."' "It Is Ilke the Alps here," Walters continued. "When I am away working with my brush for a couple of months, I am glad to comeback hereto my retreat"19 Joseph Walter never returned to Austria. He stayed In Dubuque for the rest of his life, leaving a legacy of several hundred paintings of local Iowa landscapes, portraits of Influential Iowans and religious murals in close to 200 churches throughout the states of Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota'N During his active period from 1899 175 PIctureCredit: Duane Hagerty, Apr112014 176PIRureCredit: DuaneHageny, Apt!12014 177"Interesting Personal des: Joseph Walter,"Dubuque Telegraph Herold,S March,1933, 176"Dubuque Artist Gets Recognition Abroad,"Dubuque Telegraph Herald,31 May, 1925, 179 No.. 180'Death Claims Joseph Walter,"Dubuqueielegraph HemM,19 September,1946. NPS Form IDI Ohle No.10241 (al l United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Hlstoric Places Continuation Sheet Section Page 78 Property name St Mary's Catholic Historic Dlstrict County and State Dubuque Iowa to the 1930s,Joseph Walter is credited with more original wall paintings for churches In those states than any other individual.,,, Joseph Walter was born on July 5, 1865 at Landback, Tyrol, Austria,"' At the age of 17, Joseph Walter embarked on his art training by enrolling In a Meisterkldsse (Master class) at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich.10 He was there from January 1883 through Spring of 1884. The Meisterklasse was an intensive art education system revived in the 1820s by the Nazarenes,a group of German medieval revivalist artists who focused on the teacher-student relationship In his Munich training, Joseph Walter was instructed by a single master, Gabriel von Hackl, a fairly well-known German historicist drawerlpaintel During that Instruction, he would have learned to master drawing, painting and experimenting with different lighting and composition, t � I! I IJ;,61mu MUMIiMemyeYM oueul VPhi ii�in"�lIlk 19 It fAyll,l�) Flews 58-Jol Wake r,Aga IB.10 Real59PBmaphall$09Pill In the fall of 1885,Joseph Walter enrolled In the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, He studied painting under 18111 182 11 183 Joseph Work A Retrospective,Dubuque Museum of An,Published for located at the Dubuque Museum of An between August 24,2010 through November 71 20101 p 45. 19416id.,p.5. 185 Picture Credit Dubuque Museum of An. 186 PictureCrediP Dubuque Museum ofk NPS Form 1USWa OMB No. 10240018 Ie-881 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 79 Property name St. Mary's Catholic HlsioricDisfrlot County and State Dubuque, Iowa Christian Gdepenkerl, who was also director of the Academy"' Gdepenked was well known for his portraits and history paintings, but also for his decorative murals and frescoes in public buildings and palaces throughout Germanyand Austria. So Walterwculd have had a strong academic foundation in all facets of artistic painting. In the summer of 1886,Joseph Walter left the Vienna Academy to spend the next 10 years working in Austria and Hungary", In 1897,Joseph Walter came to Dubuque at the urging of FrantzSlemetz, a Luxembourger artist who has spent several years In the early 1890s In Dubuque[Slemetz returned to Luxembourg in the mid 189Dsl us Frantz Siemetz also studied an at the Munich and Vienna Academies, so it is likely that Walter and Siemetz became familiar through those connections. Walter stated that he came to Dubuque to set up shop as a portrait painter and an teacher, However, he soon became disappointed In the lack of work. He stated, "I came to paint pictures of the American women, but I found most of them painting themselves."w He considered leaving Dubuque until he was introduced to several local priests and received his first church mural commission in 1899!11 Though Joseph Walter was trained by historicist academics, many have described Walter's paintings as having 'Impressionistic qualities." One writer stated, "[h]is Biblical scenes compel and attract. His portraits speak. He takes a bit of charcoal and draws a Ruing hand,a hand that would seem to move if touched,"' Joseph Walter is known primarily as a painter of religious murals and paintings. Additionally, his landscape paintings were critically acclaimed both nationally and internationally. He exhibited paintings at the Anderson Gallery in New York City, the Art Institute of Chicago, and in galleries In Parls and other American and European cities. In 1925,Joseph Walter received particular praise from French aft critics. A French magazine titled Lo du Vraiatdu Beau displayed and commented on four of his works,one of which was9g (a painting of a scene from the Eagle Point Boatyard in Dubuque), The French commenter considered Joseph Walter a "brilliant colorist, possessing refined and personal vision. A more frequent contact with the public will assure him quickly the fame that he deserves In the field of art.""' Though Joseph Walter was lauded for his landscape paintings throughout his career, he rarely sold his 1071bid. 1B816id, 109"Austrian Artist Contented Here,"Dubuque Megmph Heraid,4 December,1938. 190"Interesting Personalities." 191 Joseph Walter ARerrospective,p 6. 192"Artist Get Recognition Abroad" 193 La du Wove do Beau,25 Manch, 1925, NPS Faro 10-e0Pe OMB Na.102441e (we) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Sectlon.L. Page 80 Property name St Mary's DthollcHistoric 0181rct CountyandState Uuaue Iowa paintings, Walter expressed his frustration at the general public's lack of interest in collecting art, He stated, "Ipleople do not appreciate. They do not see these flner things we are trying to bring out, the effects of light and shade, tone, color, harmony." His frustration did not stop him from painting, however. Joseph Walter painted churches to be able tofinancially pursue his love of landscape painting. Walter commented,'I decorated churches—that was for bread;I make pictures—that is for myself",, Because he was so prolific, a comprehensive list of Joseph Walter's work was never developed, Therefore, It Is difficult to determine how much of his work survives, though most has almost certainly been lost through demolition/destruction of buildings and redecoration. In addition to his work at St. Mary's,Walter also painted murals in at least two other churches in Dubuque; St. Patrick and Holy Ghost. Joseph Walter was a member of Holy Ghost Parish. In the 1930s, he painted extensive murals for Holy Ghost, However,Walter's murals in St,Patrick and Holy Ghost have been painted over or destroyed. Holy Ghost has only one mural painted by Joseph Walter remaining on Its ceiling. His paintings and stencils at St, Mary's represent one of the most complete ensembles of his original work While he was not a member of St Mary's Parish, his Carroll Street home In Dubuque sat on a bluff overlooking Central Avenue, with the St. Mary's tower and spire dominating the skyline. One of Joseph Walter's landscape paintings features the shadow of the St.Mary's spire In the background, 3, F.X.Zettler Stained Glass Windows In 1913 the St. Mary's Parish replaced all of the original 1861 windows with stained glass windows from the FX, Zettler Company In Munich, Germany, FX Zettler Company was known for their"Munich"style of stained glass. It was a revival and a perfection of the medieval method of stained glass construction and design. The religious scenes were painted on larger sheets of glass and then fused to the glass through firing in intense heat. This allowed for blending of colors not attainable by the old medieval style. The Munich style allows for extremely detalled depiction of subjects. The scenes typically depicted In F.H. Zettler windows were heavily Influenced by the emotion and sentimentality of the nineteenth century European Romantic style of painting. St. Mary's twelve nave windows from F.X, Zettler depict scenes from the life of Mary, starting in her childhood years with her presentation at the temple by her parents and ending with her "dormition," or "falling asleep". Neal Vogel, stained glass expert, has examined the physical condition of the St.Mary's windows and has stated that he knows of no other church In Iowa that has an ensemble of Munich style 194"Artist Getshoo9nd Abroad" 195'AusulanArta Contented Here.' NPs For I W04 OMB No,1024018 Inial United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Seetlon.L. Page 81 Property name St, Mary's Catholic Historic Dislrict County and State Dubuque, Iowa stained glass windows that are finer or tell such a complete story, 1 I He also stated that they are exemplary for being largely in their original condition. Some of them still have the small grease pen markings and signaturesfrom the original fabricatorsatthe F.X.Zettler Munich factory. F. German Gothic Revival Churches In Eastern Iowa To date there has been no survey of historic Gothic Revival architecture in Iowa. As the area of the State of Iowa first settled by German immigrants and the seat of the first Catholic diocese In Iowa,eastern Iowa contains many examples of Gothic Revival churches constructed by German Catholic Immigrant congregations. As mentioned previously,Gothic Revival architecture was favored as the "national style" of German Catholics. Germans put their own mark on Gothic Revival design, including the routine use of brick and the use of the hall church plan. St Mary's is one of the oldest existing Gothic Revival Churches built by German Immigrants in Eastern Iowa and continues to be one of the finest in its exterior and Intedordesigh. The rural German Catholic parishes of Festlna,Iowa and Lattnervhle, Iowa bulltsmall, plain Gothic Revival rockchurches In the 1860s (see Figure 60forthe Lattnerville Church), a design that was quite common in the early period of German settlement. When the German immigrants of Dubuque built Sc Mary's Church in 1867, It was larger and more decorated in style than any other German Catholic Church In Iowa. By the late 1870s and into the 1880s, German communities in eastern Iowa were maturing and gaining more wealth. Ethnic German architects like Fddolin Hear and Guido Beck Immigrated to the Dubuque area and began designing larger and more 'high style" Gothic Revival churches for German communities in Eastern Iowa, Many of the Gothic Revival designs for German Catholic parlshes of the 1870s and Into the early 1900s emulated the design of St. Mary's church, with its center tower and soaring 250 feet high tower. Based on the precedent of St.Marys in Dubuque, many German parishes competed with one another to build larger and more elaborate churches with soaring architecture, stunning windows and highly decorated Interiors. In the late 1880s, Fridolin Heer designed a stone Gothic Revival church for the German St. Boniface parish in New Vienna,whose towerIs very similar to the St.Mary's tower(Figure 611, Not to be outdone, the neighboring German Catholic community of Dyersville hired Mr, Heer to build a brick Gothic Revival church In 1889 with twin towers soaring over 250 feet, Again, the design of the towers Is very similar to St, Mary's (Figure 621, When the German corn mu nity of Petersburg,just west of Dyersvllle built their new church in the 1904, they bested both New Vienna and Dyersville by building a stone Gothic Revival church with three towers (Figure 631, By 1910, many of the Gothic Revival churches 196 Interview with Neal Vogel NP8 Form 10 DO-a OMB No,ID24W16 18861 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section J. Page 82 Property name St. Marv'sCatholic HistodcDistrict County and State Duhuaue Iowa meantto emulate St Marys surpassed St. Mary's in terms of elaborate Interior decoration. In an effortto "compete' with newer churches and regain its footing as the "finest church west of the Mississippi,' St, Mary's embarked on a redecoration plan that resulted In the interior design scheme that still exists at St, Marys today, Based upon St Mary's architecture, interior decoration, its stunning stained glass windows and its status as the first of the high style Gothic Revival Roman Catholic for a German parish in Iowa, St.Mary's church is statewide significant under Criterion C. Its interior and exterior, including most of its Gothic Revival ornament remains largely in tact and In good condition. It is an all-encompassing Gothic Revival design, Incorporating the work of German ethnic artists and craftsmen, In addition to the St.Mays Church, the other contributing buildings in the St. Mary's Catholic Church Historic District are also largely in tact and are good examples of their architectural styles, Because the Gothic Revival St. Mays Church dominates the district, the St Mary's Catholic Church Historic District qualifies as historically significant statewide under Criterion Cas an excellent example of the Gothic Revival style of architecture. I r 1 ji al Figure60, St.hrary's church,Lattru lle,IOwa.rei Flgure6l. St.BorivaeChurch,New1lmna,lcAllra 197 Picture Credit: Duane P.Hagerty,August 2014. 198 PlctureCredlt: Duane P.Hagerty,June,2014 NFS Form 10.9004 OMB No.10244D1e (6.86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 83 Property name St. Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Dubuque Iowa 1 j� ,u .� Ifll Fr1 b� �y�- WIII` Figure 62. S6 Francis Napier Basilica,Dye III Imi FlFare 61. Seg Peter and PaiD Petersburg,lmi G. St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District-Current Use and Future Plans The St. Mary's Parish closed in May, 2010, Both the Church and the Jackson Street School are vacant. Opening Doors, Inc, purchased the Convent. in 2012. The Convent is nowthe Maria House,a transitional residence for women with children under the age of 18, The Rectory Is currently being used to house a few men from the Dubuque Rescue Mission. There is an overall plan for all of the buildings in the St, Mary's Catholic Church Historic District, The Convent is already transferred to long-term ownership and will continue Its operation as the Maria House. For the remaining buildings,a new Iowa nonprofit corporation called the Friends of St.Mary's has been formed to pla n for their reuse, 199 Picture Credit, Duane P,Hagerty,June,2014. 21))Picture Criedt: Duane P.Hagerty,June,2014. NPS Form 1D-WO-a OMB ND.ID244D01B United States Department of the Interior National Palk Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 8 Page 84. Property name s Mary's Catholic HistoricDlstrict County and State n uaue laws The Jackson Street School will be converted to twelve (12) residential apartments, The apartments will be a mix of market rate and low income apartments, some of which will be used as permanent supportive housing for women who have successfully completed the Maria House programming• The Church will be used as a multl•purpose community/events center. The sanctuary of the Church will be used for events, receptions, conferences and performances. The basement of the Church will be converted to classroom, office and daycare space, The plans for the St Mary's Church have already attracted substantial funding from private donors. The National Trust for Historic Preservation through the Cynthia Woods Mitchell Fund for Historic Interiors has recognized the historic significance of St. Mary's Church and its historic Interior and has awarded the Friends of St.Mary's a $10,000 matching grant to do an interior finishes assessment. The Friends of St. Mary's is also working with the As Famly Foundation and hopes to obtain a large Challenge Grant to fund some of the bricks and mortar restoration of the church, The Rectory will be converted to office space for nonprofits and start-up businesses, The Friends of St Mary's anticipates utilizing Federal and State of Iowa Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits to assist with the financing of the redevelopment projects, so all work on the Church, Rectory and Jackson Street School will comply with the Secretary of Interior Standards for Rehabllitation, NPS Form 10-95a OMB Na. 102"16 16.61 United States Department of the Interior National Parc Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 9 Page 85 Property name $1. Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Duhuaue, Iowa 9. Major Bibliographical Sources "150 Years In the Lives of the Cathedrals" The Witness, 10 July 1963. "Another New Church" Dubuque Dollyiimes. 8Aug, 1865 Archdiocese of Dubuque Archive, 'ArchitectMullany.' The Dubuque Times. 19April 1884. "Artists Finish Intricate Project,'Dubuque Telegraph Herold,5 January 1958, "Austrian Artist Contented Hem.' Dubuque Telegraph Herald, 4 December 1938, Burrows, John R. Nineteenth Century Ecclesiastical Architecture In Northeast Iowa; Independent Project. Grinnell College, 1977. Cambridge Camden Society, A Few Words to Church Builders. (London: Cambridge University Press, 1841). Chaloupka, Candice and Susan Wright, St. Mary's The Finest Church West af the Mlssissippl. Dubuque. BHC Publishing,LLC, 2010 City of Dubuque Permits. "Colorful Religious Frescoes Redone — Artists Finish Intricate Project" The Dubuque Telegraph Herold, 5 January, 1958, 1, Curran, Kathleen, The GermanRundbogenstllandReflectionsontheAmericanRound•ArchedSryle."The Journal of the Societo(ArchitecturolHistorians,VDI,47,No,4.Dec, 1988,354. David-Sirocko, Karen. 'Angle-German Interconnexions During the Gothic Revival: A Case Study Fromthe WorkofGeorg GottlobUngewitter," Architectural History. Vol,4111998), 'Death Claims Joseph Walter'Dubuque Telegraph Herold. 19 September i946. "Dedication of St,Mary's Church,"Dubuque DoilyHerold,2 Feb.1567. NP0 Fon 10•OD04 DMB No.102 0010 (Eae) i United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section,6 Page 86 Property name stMary's Catholic HisforlcDgricf County and State Dubuque Iowa — DeJong, Aaron M., Assistant Economic Development Director,City of Dubuque, Iowa. Personal Interview by author. Notes in possession of author. November,2011. "Dubuque Artist Gets Recognition Abroad" Dubuque Telegraph Herald,31 May 1925, 'Dubuquers Marvel at Steeplejack,'The Dubuque Telegraph Herald,3 July 1912. Fangman, Lynn,PBVM, Personal interview by author. Notes in possession of author. Varlous dates, Feuling,Sister MaryCarlos, The Beginnings of Catholic Elementary Education in Dubuque;A Thesis submitted to Columbia College In partial fulflllment ofrequirements for the degree of Bachelor ofArts Center for Dubuque History, 1925. "Fire Damage at St.Mary's Shocks Parish." The Dubuque Telegraph Herold, II January, 1976. "For Whom the Bell Tolls,"The Telegraph Herald,30 May,2010. 'Golden Jubllee St.Mary's Church," The Telegraph Herald,15 May 1917. "Ground Broken for St.Mary's School,"Dubuque Daily Telegraph, 14 Oct. 1873. Heffern, Brother Colman,OCSO. "Clement Smyth, Civil War Bishop." Clteaux Commentarii Cistercienses. No,3(1868). Haler, David, Economic Development Director, City of Dubuque, Iowa. Personal interview by author, Notes in possession of author, November,2011, Hill, Rosemary. God's Architect. Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain. (New Haven, CT; Yale University Press,2007). "History and Incidents of Two More of Dubuque's Prominent Parishes," Dubuque Dally Herold, 2 June 1978. Hoffman, Peter B. A Concise Historyofthe 01yond Countyof Dubuque 1833-1934. Loras College,Center for Dubuque History(193411 p• 188. NPS Fan 10.900•B OMB No.10240018 (8.88) United States Department of the Interior National Parc Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 9 Page 87 Property name S1. Mary's Catholic Hislorlc Daticl County and State Dubuque Iowa Hoffmann,Rev, M.M. Centennial History ofthe Archdiocese ofDubuque, Dubuque,Iowa: Columbia College Press, 1937, Howe, Jeffery. Houses of Worship: An Identification Guide to the History and Styles of American Religious Architecture. London: PRC Publishing Urnted,2003. 'Interesting Personalities: Joseph Walters [sic]." Dubuque Telegraph Herald, S March 1933. 'Joseph Walter, A Retrospective,"Dubuque Museum of Art,Published for Exhibit. Lewis,Michael J, The Gothic Revival. (London: Thames&Hudson,Ltd,2002), "Likelihood of Parish Closing Increases,"The Witness,4 August 2009. 'Local Veteran, Lawmaker Team Up In Medal Battle for Aloyslus Schmitt" The Telegraph Herald, 1 May, 2014. "Looking Backto 1941.°Las Vegas RevievvJournal,7 Dec.2008. Loras College,Centerfor Dubuque HistoryArchive. Loth,Calder and Julius TrousdaleSadler,Jr, The Only Proper Style-GothlcArchitectureinAmerica (Boston, MA: New York Graphic Society, 1975). Lyon,Randolph W, DUBUQUE: The Encyclopedia, Dubuque,Iowa: UnlomHoermann Press; 1991. McAleer,l.Phllip. "The Irish Pugin of America." Irish Arts Review, Vo1.4, No.3. Autumn, 1987. New Melleray Abbey Archives,Peosta,Iowa, 'Ninth Decennial Census of the United States," US.Census Bureau, 1870, "Panic Reigns at Casino as Dynamite Explodes" The Dubuque Telegraph Herold,28 June 1906. "Parishioners Answer Call" The Dubuque Telegraph Herald, 13 January, 1976012. NP8 Farm IHOW OMB No 1024,0018 le•ee) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 9 Page 88 Propedyname St.Mary's Catholic 11ietorlc0istdcl County and State Dubuque Iowa Perrin, Richard W.E. "Pointed Arches and Buttressed Walls: Gothic Stylism and Wisconsin Architecture' The Wisconsin MagazineofHistory. Vol.47,No.3, (Spring, 1963), Pugin, AWelby, The True Prindples ofPolnted or Christian Architecture, (NewYork, NY: St. MartinPress, 1973,republished from the 1841 originap. 'Reconstruction Plan For St,Mary's Casino—St Mary's Hall to be Rebuilt' The Dubuque Telegraph Herald, 9 March 1958, 1, Roder,Rick, Weare Called.., AHistoryofSt Mary's Parish,Remsen,Iowa, Sioux City,Iowa. Sage,Leland L AHistoryoflowa, (Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, 19741. Sanborn Map Company. Dubuque,Iowa Fire Insurance Maps, Pelham,NY; Sanborn Map Company, 1891, 1909, 1952, Schumacher,Jennifer,W.German Milwaukee. Charleston,SC-. Arcadia Pub,2009. "Sketch of the Immense Cloister to be Erected at New Melleray" DubuqueDailyiimes. 28 Dec 1867, Stanton, Phoebe B. The Gothic Revival & American Church Architecture. (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968). St.Mary's Roman Catholic Church Archive, 'St.Mary's Centennial Is Scheduled Sunday! The Dubuque Telegraph Herald,24 October 1967. "St.Mary's Church Thing of Beauty" The Dubuque Telegraph Herald,27 December 1912 'St.Mary's Church Is Sixty Years Old' The Dubuque Telegraph•Heroldand Times Journal,14August, 1927. 'St Mary's Organ,'Dubuque Daily Herald 11 May,1870. "Steeplejack is Putting New Cross on St. Mays Church" The Dubuque Telegraph Herald, 12October 1930. NPS Porm IMON OMe N0. 1024.0018 la6el United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section 9 Page 89 Property name 31. Mary's CalhollcHlstodcCistdd County and State DuhuoueImva "The New Bells," Dubuque Daily Times,8 Aug, 1868, 'Transformed 'Casino' Now Ready to Serve Students! The Dubuque Telegraph Herald, 17 March, 1959, Toale, Rev. Msgr,Thomas E., Ph.D., Personal Interview by author. Notes in possession of author, Various dates. U.S. Department of the Interior. The Secretary of the interior's Standards far Rehobditationsand illustrated Gulldel(oesforRehabilitatfngNistoricBuildings. Washington, DC Government Printing Office,2010. "Vet Leads New Medal of Honor Quest for Priest" The Witness. l l May,2014. Wyman,Mark. Immigrants in the Valley, Chicago,Illinois: Nelson-Hall Publishers,Inc„ 1984), Wllberding,Thomas A. The History of Catholic Elementary and Secondary Education In the Chy of Dubuque. A Thesis submitted to the Department of Education in partial fulfillmentofrequirements for the degree offthelorofArts,Loras College. Center For Dubuque Hil "Will Remodel St.Mary's Church` The Dubuque Telegraph Herald. 30Apol,1911. WIIIgIng,H, Ronald, The German Catholics in Dubuque,Iowa, 1840.1920.- A Thesis In PartialFuifillment of the Requirements For the Degree ofBachelorofAns, Center For Dubuque History. May 1960, NPs Form 10.900a OMB Na.1024.0010 (II United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section Photo Page 9— Property name GtMarva Catholic Historic District County and State Quorum Iowa 10. Geographical Data See Figure 1 forthe Vldnlry Map See Figure 64 forthe boundaries of the District with Contributing Buildings Identified. Figure72 also includes the Bounding Coordinates forthe Dlstril The bounding coordinates are In decimal degrees based on a World Geodetic System Datum (WGS84). Verbal Boundary Descriptlon The boundary of the St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District begins atthe nonheast corner of White Streetand E. ISir`Street and continues east along E. 15'h Street to Jackson Street then north on Jackson Street to E.16"'Street, then west on E 161^ Street to White StreeLthen south on WhReStreet to E. IS"Street wherethe boundarycloses. The St. Mary's Catholic Church Hlstarlc District Includes all of City lot 48 and Lots 1,2 and 3 of City Lot 493 in the City of Dubuque,Iowa,according to the Map ofthelrown of Dubuque,Iowa. Boundary Justification The boundary Includes the Church, Rectory,Convent and Jackson Street School that were historically part of the St. Mary's Church,Dubuque,Iowa parish and that have retained their historic Integrity Property Ownership 105 E.I P Street(Church) 1584 White Street(Rectory) 1501 Jackson Street(Jackson Street School) St,Mary's Church,Dubuque,Iowa,Inc. clo Archdiocese of Dubuque 1229 Mt Lorena Ave, Dubuque,Iowa 52003 Telephone: (563)5562580 1561 Jackson Street(Convent) Opening Doors,Inc. 1561 Jackson St. Dubuque,Iowa 52001 Telephone (563)582.7480 NPS For 1Pa00a OMB No.10244018 (B-BO) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section Photo Page _91 Properly name Sr Mary's Catholic HlstoricDistrict County and State Dubuque Iowa Mail Merge Table Property0wriar NameaWddress St.Mary's Church,Dubuque, Iowa, Inc. St.Me ry's Church,Dubuq ue,Iowa,I nc. do Archdiocese of Dubuque Rev.MOnsigOr Thomas E.Toale,Vice President 1229 Mt.Loretta Ave. Dubuque, Iowa 52003 Opening Doors,Incl Opening Doors,Inc, Michelle Brown, Executive Director 1561 Jackson St, Dubuque,Iowa 52001 NPS Farm 1M00 OMB No.1024.0018 ("6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section Photo Page 92 Property name $I Mary's Catholloftric District County and State Dubuque Iowa a I 0 J 0 0 z r tt C 0_ FO Y 0 Y a I x V a x u f.: Y N t & Figure64, St Mary's Catholic Church Historic District-District Boundary Map Np8 Form 10.0001 OMB No 924-0016 (&66) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section Photo Page 93 Properly name St. Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Mum Iowa Sl.Mary'St tholk urch � S1 HlstarlcDislritt M ft Jackson Park cem GI < �` J "'I 11A' STr' l Figure 65, St.Mai iaCaiIcChurah Histotic District US GS Map NPS Farm 10000-a OMB No, 1024WiB I8'B61 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section Photo Page 94 Property name SI. Mary's Catholic Historic District County and State Duhuaue, Iowa ST,MARY'S CATHOLIC CHURCH HISTORIC DISTRICT•PHOTO KEY 1 N 6 � aroyCtuorth imen'od� 0 E. 16th Street o �- giri rz U 3 40 f, � ° o d ° v a, v „ o a3 a g,e E. 1 5th Street Figure fib. St.Mary's Catholic Church District Photo Key. NPS Farm 0-900•e OMB Na.1049019 pe) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section Photo Page 95 Property name St Mary aCathollcHistoricDistrict County and State Dubuque Iowa St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District National Register Nomination Photograph log Name of Property: 5t,Mary's Catholic Church Historic District City orVic!nhy: Dubuque County: Dubuque County State: Iowa Name of Photographer; Duane P.Hagerty Date of Photographs: Photos 0001 .0007, 0009-0018: March 22,2014 Photo 0008: June 9,2014 Photos 0019-0020: June 17,2013 Photos 0021 -0023: December 28,2011 Photos 0024-0025: December 27,2013 Photo#1: IA-DubuqueCounty_St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic District_0001. F South elevation of Church, Camera facing north. Photo 02: IA_Dubuque County-St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic District 0D02.TIF Streetscape-Southeast boundary of District,showing Church (left),Jackson Street School (center) and Convent(fight). Camera facing northwest Photo#3: IA-Dubuque County_St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District_000331F East elevation of Jackson Street School. Camera facing west. Photo#4: IA-Dubuque County-St Mary's Catholic Church Historic District 00g4,TIF East eievatlonofConvent, Camera facing west. Photo#S: IA-Dubuque Courity.St Mary's Catholic Church Historic District0005,TIF Streetscape-Northeastboundary of District showing east and north elevations of Jackson Street School (far left)Convent(left), north and east elevations of Rectory idghtl and north and east elevations of Church (center), Camera facing southwest. Photo#6: IA Dubuque County-St, Marys Catholic Church Historic DistrlctOD6,TIF North elevation of Rectory. Camera facing south, NPS Form 10.9Wa OMA No. 10444818 (me) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Seotlon Paolo Page 9_ Property name $t. Mary's Catholic HlsloricDistrict County and State Dubuque, Iowa Photo#7: IA.DubuqueCounty_St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic Dlstrict0007,TIF West elevation of Rectory(left)and North and West elevations of Church (rightl, Camera facing east, Photo#B: IA-Dubuque Counry_St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic District 00084TIF Streetscape•West boundary of District Westfa4ade of Rectory(center)and westft4ade of Church (right). Camera facing northeast. Photo#9: IA DubuqueCounty_St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic District OOD9,TIF West elevation of Church, Camera facing east. Photo#10: IA-Dubuque County-St, Mary's Catholic Church Historic District_0010,TIF West elevation of Jackson Street School, Camera facing east. Photo#11: IA_Dubuque Coumy_St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic DlstrlCt_0gi LTIF East elevation of Church. Camera facing west. Photo#12: IA_DubuqueCounty_SL Mary's Catholic Church Historic District_0012,TIF Interior of Church from Choir loft. Camera facing north. Photo 013: IA-Dubuque Counly-51,Marys Catholic Church Historic District0013,TIF Interior of Church. Pipe organ and vaulting in choir loft. Camera facing southwest, Photo#14: IA-Dubuque Counry_St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic District-0014,11F Interior ofChurch. West wall,colonnettes andvaulting, Camera facing west. Photo#15: IA_Dubuque County-St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District-001 S,TIF I nterlor of Ch urch, Chancel arch,Assumption mural and vaulting, Camera facing northeast. Photo#16: 14 DubuqueCounty_St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District_0016,TIF Interior of Church. Camera facing south. Photo#17: IA_Dubuque(ounty_St,Mary's Catholic Church Historic Distril 7.11F Interior of Church. Assumption mural and chancel, Camera facing north. NPS Fvro 10.90W OMB No,102kOlB (9,Ba) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section Photo Page 97 Property name Si Mary's CathollcHistorlOisVlcl County and State Dubuque, Iowa Photokl8, IA DubuqueCounry_StMarysCatholicChurchHistoricDistrict 0018.TIF Interior of Church. West sacristy window. Camera facing west, Photo 019; IA DubuqueCounry_St, Mary'sCatholicChurchHistoricDistrlct0019,TIF Interior ofJackson Street School, First floor,southwest classroom. Camerafacing southwest. Photo#20: IA-Dubuque Counry_StMarysCatholicChurchHistoricDistrict0020SIF Interior ofJackson Street School. First floor hallway. Camera facing west Photo021: IA—Dubuque Counry_St,Marys Catholic Church HistoricDistrict0021,TIF Interior of Rectory. Firstfoor. Main doors. Camera facing west, Ph*#22t Photo IA DubuqueCounty_St.Mary's Catholic Church Historic District0022,TIF Interior of Rectory. First floor. Northwest parlor. Camera facing east. Photo 823; IA-Dubuque County—St Marys Catholic Church Historic District0023,TIF Interior of Rectory. First floor. North parlor. Camera facing west. Photo#24: IA DubuqueCounry_St.Marys Catholic Church Historic District 0024,TIF Interior of Convent. First floor, South parlor. Camera facing east. Photo 825; IA DubuqueCounry_St.MarysCatholicChurchHistoricDlstrictg025.TIF I ntedor of Convent. First four. Staircase. Camera facing west. r � nit I NI Ai' r �c � 1 ,111 � ' / ( � ri I .V ' y,, +• JI I "r��? fid Aq 41 I M ��. � �Yv ����� � �� � - •III • � 1 1 I Alg I!I v Irv °r oil11 f QOM' ,.�7'' wt� III Sr It 19 1 / 64 1 4ww 410P tk LL e ? 1 . I , I y I I I L n �: � � !� IV �� �, /JI ,/ /. �� I J � � i �, � �� I ��� � � 1 � 1 ' � � � � � 1 � � �� � � � ���xry �o — — �- i im _._ __ _ � .� . ark No A �r I I : t _ S r _.. 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