Legislative Correspondence_Residency Occupancy Bill Copyright 2014
City of Dubuque Consent Items # 9.
ITEM TITLE: Legislative Correspondence
SUMMARY: Communication to the Legislative Information Office expressing the City of
Dubuque's opposition to the Residential Occupancy Bill as well as to the
Governor's Justice Department Appropriations Bill.
SUGGESTED DISPOSITION: Suggested Disposition: Receive and File
ATTACHMENTS:
Description Type
❑ Communication Residential Occupancy Bill HSB25 Supporting Documentation
❑ Communication Justice Department Appropriations bill Supporting Documentation
Dubuque City Manager's Office
THE CITY OF City Hall
DUB
E ��ericacity 50 West 13th Street
LH I ®/ Dubuque, IA 52001-4805
Masterpiece on the Mississippi 2007,2012,2013 Office (563) 589-4110
Fax (563) 589-4149
TTY (563) 690-6678
ctymgr@cityofdubuque.org
www.cityofdubuque.org
February 25, 2015
VIA E-mail Only
«Email»
«CompleteOFFICIALName Address»
Dear «Title» «Last»,
The City of Dubuque is opposed to the Residential Occupancy Bill, HSB25, and we urge
you to vote no on this legislation. This bill would eliminate the City's ability to regulate
the occupancy of residencies based on family or non-family relationships of the
occupants. Stated simply, the bill says, "A city shall not, after January 1, 2016, adopt or
enforce any regulation or restriction related to the occupancy of residential rental
property that is based upon the existence of familial or non-familial relationships
between the occupants of such rental property."
We believe that misuse of a residential unit could be as damaging as not regulating the
construction of the foundation, heating system, electrical system and all the things that
make the house safe, accommodating, and supportive of residential occupancy. The
City of Dubuque identifies three standards that we believe constitute a healthy housing
unit: first, that the structure is built according to safety and structural codes to ensure
sustainability; second, that the structure is maintained; and third, that the structure
properly accommodates the end-user to ensure safety, amenities and a healthy
environment.
The most common measure of overcrowding is "persons per room" in a unit. Occupied
housing units with more than one person per room are considered crowded.
Overcrowding may have an effect on housing quality, as well as the occupants' quality
of life. Obtaining an accurate count of the number of rooms in a home can be
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February 25, 2015
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challenging in some types of homes. The only way to measure overcrowding is to be
able to monitor and limit how many people can live in the unit so that it is healthy and
safe.
The City of Dubuque's zoning code since 1985 has defined a family as: "Any number of
people occupying a single dwelling unit living together as a single housekeeping unit,
related by blood, marriage, or formal adoption, plus not more than three additional
people not so related, except that foster children and persons with disabilities as defined
by the City Code shall be considered a family." This definition of a family is similar to
city zoning ordinances nationwide. It is necessary to define a family because many
zoning ordinances regulate residential use by unit number and density and each unit
can only be occupied by a single family. This limitation, along with other related
housing, health, fire and building codes, generally limits the number of individuals that
can occupy a single unit. In Dubuque's experience, regulations based on the definition
of a family have served as an effective tool to limit overcrowding, while leaving room for
families to grow or the family dynamic to change.
Historically, families as a residential entity have been granted special status. Familial
status is defined and governed by Federal and State laws. State laws may vary
generally, but all must fall within the Federal framework. Familial status is typically
determined by a person's household, legal and kinship relationships, such as blood
relationships, marriage, adoption, disability and the presence of existing or prospective
children. Federal law prohibits discrimination based on familial status.
The intent of the special status afforded families is based on a number of factors. First,
families have historically served as a de facto social safety net whereby related
individuals can help support or house their adult children or elderly parents when other
options are not preferable or available. Secondly, families tend to grow organically
through birth, adoption and marriage, and to limit a single family to a specific number of
individuals whereby they would no longer be able to occupy a single-family unit would
be onerous and impractical. Thirdly, it is somewhat uncommon for families to grow
beyond the capacity of their dwelling units and their neighborhood's ability to absorb
them.
However, the same cannot be said for non-families in general. A primary example of
non-family social and physical problems is evidenced in those neighborhoods
surrounding college campuses where rental housing is common. Without the ability to
limit the number of non-family occupants per housing unit in college neighborhoods,
there can be an increase in problems inherent to overcrowding such as excess trash
and noise, and greater demand for limited parking. These problems, in general, are not
as common with families.
On balance, the practice of defining families for purposes of regulating occupancy, and
the exemption of families from being limited to a set number of individuals, tends to
promote more stable and less densely developed neighborhoods. While not perfect,
Service People Integrity Responsibility Innovation Teamwork
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February 25, 2015
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this practice tends to limit the occupancy of units without impinging on the ability of
families to grow or change. This method of regulation has been a positive limiting factor
and helped maintain the health, safety and quality of life in all housing units in all
neighborhoods.
At the end of the day we believe that HSB 25 would allow overcrowding which will result
in several unintended consequences. Please consider the following points:
• This bill will allow landlords and renters to break the rule of reasonable
engagement. This means that generally speaking each individual unit is
designed to handle a certain number of persons living there with regard to
bathroom accessibility and environmental issues such as breathing in close
proximity. The closer proximity of more persons increases health issues with
regard to simple things such as catching cold or sharing flu symptoms.
• This bill will have a disparaging impact on minority residents who are more likely
to be low-income (60%) by giving them poor options on the number of people
that should live in a safe and healthy rental unit. Very similar to check-cashing, it l
does give them options that are not available in the normal banking system but it
comes with a high price. The high price in this case would be allowing people to
live in overcrowded and sometimes unhealthy housing units.
• This bill will reduce the demand for affordable rental units and affordable
workforce units, as it will allow more people to live together in space that is
designed for fewer. It also goes against reasonable accommodation for persons
with disabilities and in need of assistance with amenities such as ramps,
bathroom aids and doors to accommodate wheelchairs. Persons with disabilities
cannot be accommodated in rental units that will not allow for the extra space
needed for their assistance.
• This bill goes against the objective of equity among renters. The bill decreases
the number of safe and healthy units and allows landlords to put more people
into the same space with fewer amenities and charge fees that should be
i
applied to an upgrade in the quality of living rather than an overcrowded
downgrade unit with no amenities.
• This bill will have a disparaging impact on lower-income renters and affordable
rental units because these are units that are more likely to have a �h
disproportionate number of people living in them beyond what would be
considered reasonable numbers. Traditionally, the problems of overcrowding
mostly occur among low-income renters; this bill would further separate the
equity between low-income renters and market-rate renters with regard to
occupancy.
Service People Integrity Responsibility Innovation Teamwork
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• This bill will negatively impact the City's nuisance ordinance, which is designed to
prevent people from disturbing others so all can live peacefully. The more
persons living in the unit increases noise, increases extracurricular activity and it
makes the regulation of nuisance properties much more difficult.
• Neighborhoods that were not designed or zoned for high-density occupation
could face strained infrastructure issues such as parking, sewer and other
maintenance concerns. Occupant density, defined as the number of people
living in a single unit, not only affects the health and well-being of a unit's
occupants, but also spills over into the neighborhood -- impacting factors such
as sanitation, demand on parking, law enforcement and the need for recreational
area. These regulations are especially important in older, established, densely
developed neighborhoods, where there is typically not an abundance of on- and
off-street parking, area to sequester trash, and available green space or
recreational area.
• The property rights of owners who purchased a single-family home should also
be taken into consideration. When the home was purchased, the home owner
would not be able to foresee the results of this bill and anticipate the impact on
the character of their neighborhood.
Finally, it is important to keep in mind that in housing, reasonable accommodation is
defined by having enough space to address a need. This bill will create a need to further
address unintended consequences. There is a reason that an elevator is limited to the
number of persons that can safely ride the elevator. There is a reason that restaurants
and meeting rooms have limitations on the number of people who can safely occupy
them. It has been determined that there is a relationship between space and activity,
especially with regard to persons participating in a safe environment. Allowing more
people to live together because they are family does not overrule reasonable
accommodation, health issues, amenities, and especially overcrowding. The wrong
number of people living in an area is detrimental to equity and reasonable
accommodation. It does not make sense to allow six people to live in a space that was
designed for and reasonably accommodates three persons. It may be okay as an
exception, but it will take its toll on neighborhoods, code enforcement, and property
values and create health issues, if it becomes a rule.
Perhaps a more reasonable bill would allow landlords to present a plan to the local
municipality to increase the number of persons living in the unit. The plan would offer a
physical accommodation of the unit to satisfy the increase in persons so as to protect
the integrity of code enforcement and neighborhood development. Again, we are not in
favor of passing this bill; however, we do believe that there should be more review and
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February 25, 2015
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study into the unintended consequences and subsequent negative impact. A review of
other options could result in better community solutions to address the problem.
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Sincerely,
�JC�� Gtih
Michael C. Van Milligen
City Manager
MCVM:jh
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Service People Integrity Responsibility Innovation Teamwork
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The Honorable Pam Jochum The Honorable Tod Bowman
President of the Senate Iowa State Senator
Iowa State Senator 812 Grant Street
2368 Jackson Maquoketa, IA 52060
Dubuque, IA 52001
The Honorable Abby Finkenauer The Honorable Chuck Isenhart
Iowa State Representative Iowa State Representative
1040 Rush Street P.O. Box 3353
Dubuque, IA 52003 Dubuque, IA 52004-3353
The Honorable Brian Moore The Honorable Nancy Dunkel
Iowa State Representative Iowa State Representative
36630 River Point Court 11764 Hickory Lane
Bellevue, IA 52301 Dyersville, IA 52040
i
I
Dubuque City Manager's Office
THE CITY OF
City Hall
DUB
E 50 West 13th Street
I ' Dubuque, IA 52001-4805
iece on the Mississippi Office (563) 589-4110
Masterpiece pp 2007.2°12.2019 Fax (563) 589-4149
TTY (563) 690-6678
ctymgr@cityofdubuque.org
www.cityofdubuque.org
February 25, 2015
VIA E-mail Only
Email»
«CompleteOFFICIALName Address»
Dear <Title» <<Last»,
Governor Branstad has presented his Justice Department Appropriations bill which
includes language "scooping" $22 million statewide from local E911 surcharge accounts
and redirecting these funds to the Department of Public Safety, Department of
Homeland Security and the Department of Transportation. The purpose of Governor's
proposed action is to use these funds to build a platform for state-wide interoperable,
mobile, land-based communications system.
While the Governor's proposal has merit we believe it should not be paid for and
implemented at the expense of local governments. The State has many opportunities to
identify and collect funds from other sources without taking from the local E911
surcharge funds. In addition, even with the Governor's proposed emergency
communications platform in place, local governments would be required to pay to
connect and maintain these systems.
Dubuque City and County have enjoyed an 800 Mhz trunked system for many years.
This system will be reaching its "end of life" in the next 24 months and the City and
County will be required to replace it with a federally mandated, national standard P25
compliant system at a cost of between $3.7 million if we partner to lease the system or
$7 million if we purchase the entire system. These costs not include operating and
maintenance expenses and all costs are paid for by local taxpayers.
In addition to replacement costs for these mandated systems, cities and counties
experience ongoing maintenance and operations challenges to their emergency
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February 25, 2015
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communications systems. These challenges include: dead spots, interoperability, FCC
regulations on narrow banding reducing coverage, text messaging, next generation
upgrades and daily operational maintenance costs for communications equipment.
We ask that you oppose the Governor's Justice Department Appropriations proposed
budget language amending IOWA SEC.19 Section 34A.7a, subsection 2, Code 2015
and scooping local funds. In addition, we support HF 199 and SSB 1131 with language
that allows expending funds for the receipt and disposition of the 911 calls as
determined by the CountyE911 service board.
Recent legislation resulting in property tax rollbacks will handcuff local government's
abilities to fund many things including emergency communications systems and
equipment. The Governor's proposal would take even more funds from local
governments. We strongly urge you to oppose the Governor's Justice Department
Appropriations language allowing the State to scoop local funds and to support HF199
and SSB1131.
Sincerely,
Michael C. Van Milligen
City Manager
MCVM:jh
Service People Integrity Responsibility Innovation Teamwork
The Honorable Pam Jochum The Honorable Tod Bowman
President of the Senate Iowa State Senator
Iowa State Senator 812 Grant Street
2368 Jackson Maquoketa, IA 52060
Dubuque, IA 52001
The Honorable Abby Finkenauer The Honorable Chuck Isenhart
Iowa State Representative Iowa State Representative
1040 Rush Street P.O. Box 3353
Dubuque, IA 52003 Dubuque, IA 52004-3353
The Honorable Brian Moore The Honorable Nancy Dunkel
Iowa State Representative Iowa State Representative
36630 River Point Court 11764 Hickory Lane
Bellevue, IA 52301 Dyersville, IA 52040