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7 10 17 Work Session - Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan UpdateCopyrighted July 10, 2017 City of Dubuque Work Session - Bottom # 1. IT EM T IT LE:Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan Update SUM MARY:Planning Services staf f and representatives from Teska Associates, Inc. will conduct a work session on the overview of the process and conceptual outline, f ormat, themes and content f or the new Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan. SUGGEST ED DISPOSIT ION: ATTACHMENTS: Description Type Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan Update-MVM Memo City Manager Memo Staff Memo Staff Memo Imagine Dubuque Draft Outline Supporting Documentation Presentation Supporting Documentation TO: The Honorable Mayor and City Council Members FROM: Michael C. Van Milligen, City Manager SUBJECT: Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan Work Session and Draft Outline DATE: July 6, 2017 Assistant Planner Dave Johnson is transmitting the information for the Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan Work Session. _____________________________________ Michael C. Van Milligen MCVM:jh Attachment cc: Crenna Brumwell, City Attorney Teri Goodmann, Assistant City Manager Dave Johnson, Assistant Planner Laura Carstens, Planning Services Manager M E M O R A N D U M TO: Michael C. Van Milligen, City Manager FROM: David Johnson, Assistant Planner SUBJECT: Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan: Work Session and Draft Outline DATE: July 6, 2017 INTRODUCTION This memorandum transmits information for the July 10, 2017 City Council Work Session. Enclosed is the PowerPoint presentation and Draft Outline for City Council’s consideration. Mike Hoffman, Project Manager from the consulting firm Teska Associates, Inc. and I will present an overview of the process and conceptual outline, format, themes and content for the new Comprehensive Plan. BACKGROUND The Comprehensive Plan outlines the vision for the future growth and development of the city. It is built with ideas and input from city residents, and reflects a consensus of community values. The plan provides a roadmap to guide the environmental, social and cultural, and economic development of the city, It brings together community inspired ideas and principles on how Dubuque can become a more viable, livable, and equitable community. The Comprehensive Plan's goals help focus community initiatives and priorities for city government. A consulting services contract with Teska Associates, Inc. was executed in June 2016 to develop the new Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan. The project began July 1, 2016. The consultant is to provide the City with a final draft plan by August 30, 2017 to help inform City Council Goal Setting and facilitate implementation in subsequent budgets. The plan is scheduled to be considered for adoption September 18, 2017. DISCUSSION Input from the community was critical to developing a community vision, themes, and the enclosed draft outline. The Community engagement process centered on Sustainable Dubuque, Equity, and sought public input in traditional, innovative and inclusive ways. Work Session - Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan: Work Session and Draft Outline 2 With the Imagine Dubuque process to date, more people and a greater diversity of people have contributed during this outreach effort than for any previous Comprehensive Plan. We are proud to report over 12,500 ideas from all demographics of our community have shared ideas which in turn serve as the foundation for the enclosed draft outline. The community engagement campaign for Imagine Dubuque has concluded. Focus has now shifted toward developing the new plan. The following schedule outlines remaining events: July 28, 2017: Draft Plan & Executive Summary Due. August 16, 2017: Imagine Dubuque Open House and Public Hearing. Long Range Planning Advisory Commission hosts a public hearing immediately after open house. LRPAC makes recommendation to City Council after public hearing per City Code. August 28, 2017: City Council Work Session - Draft Plan and Comprehensive Overview Presented to City Council. August 30, 2017: Final Draft Plan Due and Consultant Contract Expires. September 5, 2017: City Council Regular Meeting. Comprehensive Plan is set for Public Hearing. September 18, 2017: City Council Public Hearing and consideration of the new City of Dubuque Comprehensive Plan. REQUESTED ACTION Establishing an approved outline and concepts for the new comprehensive plan’s format and content will provide the basis for further developing the plan. Planning Services Staff respectfully requests City Council consider and approve the enclosed draft outline. Enclosures cc: Laura Carstens, Planning Services Manager Ose Akinlotan, Planning Technician Mike Hoffman, Teska Associates F:\Users\Djohnson\LRPAC\Comprehensive Plan\2017 Comprehensive Plan\City Council Updates - Presentations\Memo MVM Comp Plan CC Update 07 10 17.doc A New Comprehensive Plan – Outline – June 30th, 2017 Draft 1 | Page Comprehensive Plan Outline Relationship to Community Input Dubuque Goals Executive Summary (double-side 11x17 = 4 - 8½ x11 pages) Include info-graphics on how plan was built on community input 1. Introduction a. Purpose and Use (viable, livable, equitable) b. Regional Context c. Planning History d. Plan Content (short – referencing plan structure and chapters) e. Relationship to Other Plans and Sustainability Will note extensive community engagement efforts to build the plan based on community ideas. Partnership for a Better Dubuque – Building our community that is viable, livable and equitable for all. 2. Community Engagement a. Introduction: Overview and importance of city-wide outreach as driving force b. Process: Short summary to introduce components c. Marketing + Promotion: Educating the community and inspiring feedback i. Online (Project website, city website, social media, next door) ii. Print (Project cards, posters, bus ads, banner stands) iii. In-Person (Community Presentations) iv. Video (Kick-Off with Mayor Buol, City Journal) v. News (Golden View, KCRG – TV9, Newsletters) d. Events: In-Person i. Interviews, Focus Groups, Pop-Up Events, Presentations Working Groups, Workshops, Open House, Leadership Team Meetings, City Council Check-Ins, Long Range Planning Advisory Commission e. Tools: In-Person and Online i. Website/app (follow feature, push notifications, idea sharing, photo sharing), quick polls, mindmapping (time-lapse video), wordle/ranking exercises, idea boxes, postcards, murals, idea boards (@ pop-up events), open discussion, sticker voting. Will summarize key components of the community engagement effort A New Comprehensive Plan – Outline – June 30th, 2017 Draft 2 | Page Comprehensive Plan Outline Relationship to Community Input Dubuque Goals ii. Photo + Infographic Spread: Link methods to # of ideas/insights f. Graphic Timeline (highlight engagement components by month) g. Outreach Demographics (Project vs. City) h. Conclusion: Imagine Dubuque is based on the 10-month engagement process. The major findings and themes, including specific ideas, quotes, and statistics are interspersed throughout the plan (in each of the subsequent chapters) to showcase support for the priorities and objectives therein. 3. Economic Prosperity a. Introduction b. Employment i. Workforce/Skills Gap/Training ii. Workforce Recruitment/Retention iii. Occupational Diversity iv. Income/Wages v. Attracting Young Professionals vi. Entrepreneurship (Start-Up Dubuque) c. Housing i. Variety of housing products ii. Market segments (Seniors, families, young adults, etc.) d. Business i. Industrial ii. Retail/Restaurant (diversity) iii. Mixed Use e. Partnerships and Incentives (TIF, Tax Credits, etc.) f. Viable, Livable, Equitable – and Economic Prosperity g. Summary and Action Items Top Ideas: Robust Local Economy – Diverse businesses and jobs with enhanced economic prosperity for all Low wages/ attracting high paying jobs Promoting entrepreneurship Increase restaurant options/variety Need downtown grocery Need to increase population Workforce/skills gap Need to attract young professionals Need for incentives Need to enhance regional transportation (plane or train) Continue revitalization of downtown and enhance Kennedy Mall area Enhance business opportunities for women and minorities A New Comprehensive Plan – Outline – June 30th, 2017 Draft 3 | Page Comprehensive Plan Outline Relationship to Community Input Dubuque Goals 4. Environmental Integrity a. Introduction b. Healthy Air + Clean Water i. Clean Water (Stormwater) ii. Air Quality iii. Healthy Neighborhoods 1. Urban Forest 2. Native Plants 3. Edible Landscaping c. Environmental Quality i. Conservation ii. Eco-education & Participatory Conservation 1. Digital Storytelling + Citizen Science 2. Backyard Composting iii. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 1. Pay-As-You-Throw 2. Reuse Center 3. Glass Recycling 4. Zero Waste Policy d. Hazard Mitigation (highlight key issues, particularly flooding, and reference regional plan) e. Viable, Livable, Equitable – and Environmental Integrity f. Summary and Action Items Top Ideas Sustainable Environment – Climate adaptation, renewable energy and enhanced natural resources for all. Improve Housing Stock to address environmental health hazards Expand best management practices for stormwater Reuse existing buildings/ preservation – particularly downtown and Central Ave. corridor Zero Waste (including food, building materials, other reduce, reuse, recycle strategies) Focus energy conservation on largest users 5. Social and Cultural Vibrancy a. Introduction i. What it is Social and Cultural Vibrancy and why is it important ii. History of Dubuque’s focus on Social and Cultural Vibrancy and approach Top Ideas Events/concerts/activities – particularly focused on activities that bring together diverse Diverse Arts, Culture, Parks and Leisure – A New Comprehensive Plan – Outline – June 30th, 2017 Draft 4 | Page Comprehensive Plan Outline Relationship to Community Input Dubuque Goals b. Healthy Local Foods c. Community Knowledge + Empowerment i. Arts + Entertainment ii. Education d. Green Buildings i. Historic Preservation ii. Energy Efficiency e. Community Health, Recreation and Safety i. Safety ii. Human Services iii. Parks and Recreation iv. Health (access/mental and physical) f. Viable, Livable, Equitable – and Social and Cultural Vibrancy g. Summary and Action Items groups and activities that are family (and teen) friendly Experiences and Activities for all. Vibrant Community – Health and Safety for all. Recreation center – possible climbing gym, indoor team sports, health and wellness Neighborhood splash pads and a new community aquatic center Healthy local foods Improved recreational facilities throughout Dubuque Access to mental health services Dog friendly Adult Education, including reducing obesity and encouraging healthy lifestyles 6. Housing a. Introduction b. Housing mix and age c. Quality Affordable Housing d. Healthy Homes e. Urban Revitalization f. Partnerships and Incentives (TIF, grants, etc.) g. Viable, Livable, Equitable – and Housing h. Summary and Action Items Many comments in focus groups and at workshops – particularly on rental issues and access to affordable/quality daycare. Livable Neighborhoods and Housing – Great places to live for all. 7. Community Infrastructure a. Introduction b. Utilities Limited public comment on these topics except from interviews with staff – however, an High Performance City Organization – Sustainable, equitable, A New Comprehensive Plan – Outline – June 30th, 2017 Draft 5 | Page Comprehensive Plan Outline Relationship to Community Input Dubuque Goals i. Municipal Infrastructure (water + sewer) ii. Gas and Electric iii. Renewable Energy (for example Alliant Solar Farm) c. Telecommunications (phone, cable, fiber, etc.) d. Municipal Facilities (police, fire, public works, city hall) e. Viable, Livable, Equitable – and Community Infrastructure f. Summary and Action Items important component of a Comprehensive Plan and effective service delivery to all. 8. Transportation and Mobility a. Introduction (Overall Vision) b. Complete Streets (roads, sidewalks, etc. for all modes of transportation) c. Public Transportation (more effective/efficient routes) d. Rail and Air e. Bikes f. Roads, Cars and Trucks (including roundabouts, STREETS smart traffic systems, etc.) g. Viable, Livable, Equitable – Transportation and Mobility h. Summary and Action Items Top Ideas Connected Community – Equitable transportation infrastructure and mobility for all. Complete Street Focus Enhance regional transportation (air and/or rail) Provide ridesharing services Enhance public transportation, particularly hours in service Enhance bicycle network 9. Land Use a. Introduction (Overall Vision and Relationship to other areas) b. Existing Land Use i. Developed Land ii. Vacant Land (Developable vs. Not Developable) c. Future Land Use i. Overall/Potential Growth Areas ii. Downtown/Central Avenue Corridor iii. Kennedy Road Corridor iv. Southwest Arterial/North Cascade Road and US Highways 61 &151 intersection Not a major topic of community conversation except in key areas (Kennedy Road, Central Ave. Corridor, downtown) – but a key component of a Comprehensive Plan. A New Comprehensive Plan – Outline – June 30th, 2017 Draft 6 | Page Comprehensive Plan Outline Relationship to Community Input Dubuque Goals d. Growth and Annexation (including reference to draft annexation study and need for incentives like TIF to promote desired growth) e. Viable, Livable, Equitable – and Land Use f. Summary and Action Items 10. Implementation a. People, Planning, Partnerships b. Priorities c. Measuring Success – A high performance City and organization focused on outcomes, not outputs. Metrics and relationship to Star Communities and Goals (Socrata) Importance of partnerships has been evident throughout plan development. Would like to seek recommendations on possible priorities from Long Range Planning Advisory Commission in July and City Council in August High Performance City Organization – Sustainable, equitable and effective service for all. Partnership for a Better Dubuque – Building our community that is viable, livable and equitable for all. Appendix a. Summary of Past Plans b. Economic Development Analysis c. Community Engagement Documentation (workshop and focus group summaries, etc.) d. Large Maps (11x17 Future Land Use, other as appropriate) e. Draft Annexation Study City Council Update July 10th, 2017 VIABLE . LIVABLE . EQUITABLE August to December, 2016 •Events •Economic Prosperity Workshop •Interviews and Focus Groups •Leadership Team/ LRPAC January to May, 2017 •Environmental Integrity Workshop •Social and Cultural Vibrancy Workshop •Working and Focus Groups •Leadership Team/LRPAC June to September, 2017 •Equity Workshop •Draft Plan and Review •Leadership Team/LRPAC •Open House (16th) •Public Hearing and Adoption Timeline 2017 CITY COUNCIL REVIEW: 8/28 Initial Draft Presentation 9/18 –Public Hearing VIABLE . LIVABLE . EQUITABLE Outreach overview tools + events Project Participants Inspiring ideas going to the people OUTRACH OVERVIEWIDEA COLLECTION Postcards (150+) Mobile Idea Board (400+) Hosted at numerous locations including: Carnegie Stout Library The Smokestack and Roshek Building Multi-Cultural Center and Art Museum Universities -Loras,Clark,U.of Dubuque Hempstead High School Welcome Center (current) •University of Dubuque•Rotary •Point Neighborhood •Senior Homes (Multiple)•Healthy Local Foods•Non-Violence Coalition OUTREACH OVERVIEW Community discussions Interviews •Business Leaders,NeighborhoodGroups,Non-Profits,City Staff, etc. Focus groups •Wahlert Catholic HS •Hills and Dales •Circles Initiative •Green Dubuque •Leadership Dubuque •Inclusive Dubuque •(2 Sessions) •School Board •Optimist Club •AmeriCorps OUTREACH OVERVIW events Dubuque… and All That Jazz Dubuque Farmers Market Puttzin’ Around Downtown WORKSHOPS Economic Prosperity Environmental Integrity Social + Cultural Vibrancy Equity Workshop Open House (August 16th) Equity Workshop Co-Hosted by Circles Initiative + Inclusive Dubuque 6pm at Prescott Elementary School Equity Workshop Top factors to address that contribute to poverty in Dubuque: •Mental Health (53%) •Employment Opportunities (46%) •Transportation / Mobility and Affordable Housing also ranked high Quick Statistics •51% Want to improve access to healthy, affordable food. •50% Desire more viable transportation options; too reliant on private automobiles. •69% Feel that safety/being a victim of crime is closely tied to where you live. •53% Agree that quality education exists throughout the City. Equity Quick Poll Summary Health Equity | Top 3 Priorities 1.Increased access to mental health and substance abuse centers. (63%)2.Education / health initiatives that focus on preventative health + wellness. (47%)3.Better access to healthcare for low-income residents. (45%) Transportation Equity | Top 3 Priorities1.Greater public transit route coverage (58%)2.Faster public transit options; express bus, etc. (31%)3.On-demand access to shuttles or ride-share companies (30%) Equity Quick Poll Summary Equity Quick Poll SummaryNeighborhood Equity | Top 4 PolicyLink Goals1.Grow good, accessible jobs that provide pathways to the middle class. (76%)2.Increase economic security and mobility of vulnerable families and workers. (64%)3.Create healthy, opportunity-rich neighborhoods for all. (57%)4.Increase access to quality, affordable homes and prevent displacement. (46%) Carry the Momentum | Top 4 Advances 1.Dubuque Eats Well, a consortium working on healthy local foods and food access issues in the Dubuque area. (68%) 2.Police Dept. racial profiling panel discussion to inform policy. (56%) 3.Dubuque Museum of Art partners with Arts & Mental Health fundraiser that will benefit a new arts-based mental health initiative. (54%) 4.Hillcrest Family Services, the Multicultural Family Center, and The Smokestack partnering to offer safe places for the LGBTQ community to come together. (51%) Equity Quick Poll Summary Comprehensive Plan Goals •Focus on Enhancing the Viable, Livable, and Equitable Character of Dubuque •Roadmap to Achieving the City’s Vision •Integrate Prior/ Current Planning Efforts •Meets/Exceeds Iowa Smart Planning Requirements •Community Driven Dubuque 2031 Vision Statement Dubuque 2031 is a sustainable and resilient city and an inclusive and equitable community. Dubuque 2031 has preserved our Masterpiece on the Mississippi and has a strong, diverse economy and expanding connectivity. Our residents experience healthy living and active lifestyles; have choices of quality, livable neighborhoods; have an abundance of fun things to do; and are engaged in the community. Pr i o r / C u r r e n t P l a n n i n g E f f o r t s General Planning 2012 Comprehensive Plan 2012 Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing 2014 Arts and Economic Prosperity 2012 Annexation Study and Update 2006 Dubuque County Regional Smart Plan 2012 FY2016-2021 Consolidated Plan 2015 Nolen Plan 1936 Sustainable Dubuque 2015 Unified Development Code 2009 Council Goals & Priorities 2017 Highway 20 Corridor Land Use Plan 1998 Environmental Multi-Jurisdictional, Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012 Urban Forest Report 2011 Community Climate Action Resiliency Plan 2013 Catfish Creek Watershed Management Plan 2014 Social/Cultural Inclusive Dubuque Snapshot 2016 Human Rights Department Annual Report 2015 Community Health Needs Assessment 2015 Arts Master Plan 2016 DCSD Strategic Plan (Schools) Economics/Market Greater Dubuque Skills Gap Analysis 2016 Retail Leakage Report 2015 Transportation Complete Streets Policy 2011 Metropolitan Area Transportation Study 2010 East-West Corridor Connectivity Study 2010 2016 -2019 Transportation Improvement Program Freeway 61-151 Corridor Plan 1990 FY 2017 Transportation Planning Work Program 2016 Regional ITS Architecture Report 2005 Tri -State Area Integrated Walking Bicycling and Hiking Network Plan 2008 Special Area Plans Chaplain Schmitt Island Master Plan 2014 Downtown Master Plan 2003 Highway 20 Corridor Land Use Plan 1998 Historic Millwork District-A Vision of Sustainable Redevelopment 2012 Historic Millwork District Master Plan 2009 Port of Dubuque Master Plan 2002 Reimagining the South Port of Dubuque 2013 Washington Neighborhood Plan 2009 Iowa Smart Planning Principles Smart Planning Principles How Addressed in Imagine Dubuque 1. Collaboration Extensive outreach, implementation strategies 2. Efficiency, Transparency, and Consistency Metrics, transparent outreach, plan integration 3. Clean, Renewable, and Efficient Energy Environmental Integrity recommendations 4. Occupational Diversity Economic Prosperity recommendations 5. Revitalization Green building recommendation/historic preservation 6. Housing Diversity Economic Prosperity recommendations 7. Community Character Social/Cultural Vibrancy recommendations 8. Natural Resources and Agricultural Protection Environmental Integrity recommendations 9. Sustainable Design Environmental Integrity recommendations 10. Transportation Diversity Complete Streets, Mobility recommendations Iowa Smart Planning Elements Elements that may be included:Imagine Dubuque Comprehensive Plan A. Public Participation Chapter 2 -Community Engagement B. Issues and Opportunities Appendix C. Land Use Chapter 9 -Land Use D. Housing Chapter 6 -Housing E. Public Infrastructure and Utilities Chapter 7 –Community Infrastructure F. Transportation Chapter8 -Transportation and Mobility G. Economic Development Chapter 3 -Economic Prosperity H. Agricultural and Natural Resources Chapters 4 and 9 -Environmental, Land Use I. Community Facilities Chapters 5 and 6 -Social/Cultural and Municipal Facilities J. Community Character Chapter 5* -Social/Cultural K. Hazard Mitigation Chapter 5* -Environmental L. Intergovernmental Collaboration Chapter 10 –Implementation M. Implementation Chapter 10 -Implementation How Do We Sift Thru 13,000 + Ideas? How do we sift through 12,500+ ideas? Interviews Community Organizations Groups Business Leaders City Staff Quick Polls Ideal Vision Economic Environmental Social/Cultural Equity Land Use General Workshops + Events Working Groups + Focus Groups Web and App Ideas Postcards, Idea Boxes / Board Idea sorting | ranked by category THEMES Further Sustainability Attract + retain young professionals Enhance mobility Complete streets and trails Build a Recreation center More Activities for teens + families focus on Needs of Low-income Residents More Restaurant + retail diversity Respect Compassion inclusivity Housing Diversity + Mixed-use Capitalize on Southwest arterial Expand Entrepreneurship Access to Mental health Healthy Local foods Education Empowerment enrichment Arts + Culture Green Buildings Executive Summary 1.Introduction Purpose and Use Regional Context Short Planning History Plan Content Relationship to Other Plans and Sustainability 2.Community Engagement Process Marketing & Promotion Events/Timeline Tools Outreach Demographics Plan outline 3. Economic Prosperity Introduction Employment Workforce/Skills Gap/Training Workforce Recruitment/Retention Occupational Diversity Income/Wages Attracting Young Professionals Entrepreneurship (Start-Up Dubuque) Housing Variety of housing products Market segments Business Industrial Retail/Restaurant Mixed Use Partnerships and Incentives (including TIF) Summary and Action Items Top Ideas: Low wages/ attracting high paying jobs Promoting entrepreneurship Increase restaurant options/variety Need downtown grocery Need to increase population Workforce/skills gap Need to attract young professionals Need for incentives Need to enhance regional transportation (plane or train) Continue revitalization of downtown and enhance Kennedy Mall area Enhance business opportunities for women Plan outline | continued VIABLE . LIVABLE . EQUITABLE 4. Environmental Integrity Introduction Healthy Air + Clean Water Clean Water (Stormwater) Air Quality Healthy Neighborhoods Environmental Quality Conservation Eco-education / Participatory Conservation Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Zero Waste Policy Hazard Mitigation Summary and Action Items Top Ideas Complete Streets Focus Enhance regional transportation (air and/or rail) Improve Housing Stock to address environmental health hazards Expand best management practices for stormwater Reuse existing buildings/ preservation – particularly downtown and Central Ave. corridor Zero Waste (including food, building materials, other reduce, reuse, recycle strategies) Provide ridesharing services (Uber/Lyft) Enhance public transportation Focus energy conservation on largest users Plan outline | continued VIABLE . LIVABLE . EQUITABLE 5. Social + Cultural Vibrancy Introduction Healthy Local Foods Community Knowledge + Empowerment Arts + Entertainment Education Green Buildings Historic Preservation Energy Efficiency Community Health and Safety Safety Human Services Parks and Recreation Health (mental and physical) Summary and Action Items Top Ideas Events/concerts/ activates –particularly focused on activities that bring together diverse groups and activities that are family (and teen) friendly Recreation center –possible climbing gym, indoor team sports, health and wellness Neighborhood splash pads and a new community aquatic center Healthy local foods Improved recreational facilities throughout Dubuque Access to mental health services Dog friendly Adult Education, including reducing obesity and encouraging healthy lifestyles Plan outline | continued VIABLE . LIVABLE . EQUITABLE 6.Housing Introduction Housing Mix and Age Quality Affordable Housing Healthy Homes Urban Revitalization Partnerships and Incentives (including TIF) Summary and Action Items 7.Community Infrastructure Introduction Utilities Telecommunications Municipal Facilities Summary and Action Items 8.Transportation and Mobility Introduction Complete Streets Public Transportation Rail and Air Bikes Roads, Vehicles and Roundabouts Traffic Systems Summary and Action Item 9.Land Use Introduction Existing Land Use Future Land Use Growth and Annexation (including TIF) Summary and Action Items 10. Implementation People, Planning, Partnerships Priorities Measuring Success –High Performance Organization Through Outcomes Plan outline | continued Appendix •Summary of Past Plans •Economic Development Analysis •Community Engagement Documentation (workshop and focus group summaries, etc.) •Large Maps (11x17 Future Land Use, other as appropriate) •Draft Annexation Study Plan outline | continued