Baker Tilly Study - Historic Tax Credit Program is an Economic Driver for Iowa Copyrighted
December 18, 2017
City of Dubuque Consent Items # 10.
ITEM TITLE: Baker Tilly Study- Historic Tax Credit Program is an
Economic Driver for lowa
SUMMARY: City Manager transmitting information from the Historic Tax
Credit Economic Impact Study as performed by the
accounting firm of Baker Tilly.
SUGGESTED DISPOSITION: Suggested Disposition: Receive and File
ATTACHMENTS:
Description Type
Press release Supporting Documentation
lowa Historic TaxCredits Information Sheet Supporting Documentation
lowa Historic Tax Credits Brochure Supporting Documentation
� II�Fi � � G ROWTH H E R I T A G E
.
DEVELOPMENT WORKS
210 West First Street,Dubuque,Iowa 52001
PO Box 3134,Dubuque,Iowa 52004 563.564.4080 �fo(Nheritaeeworksdbq.com
563.557J010 �fo(Nsmarterowthdevelopmentore
For Immediate Release
December 12,2017
MEDIA CONTACT
John Gronen, President, Smart Growth Development
Office: 563.557.7010
j ohng@gronenproperties.com
Study: Historic Tax Credit program is an
Economic Driver for Iowa
DUBUQUE, Iowa
Preservation promotes prosperity in communities across Iowa, according to a recently released
economic impact study commissioned by Smart Growth Development—an Iowa bi-partisan non-
profit coalition which advocates for policies promoting smart growth practices and historic
rehabilitation. Heritage Works, a Dubuque-based nonprofit organization, specializing as a
comprehensive resource for those engaged in preservation and redevelopment projects, provided
critical assistance in data collection for the study. The Historic Tax CreditEconomic Impact
Study for the State of Iowa was conducted by Baker Tilly, an advisory and accounting firm
located in Madison, Wis.
Since 2002, the Iowa State Historic Preservation and Cultural & Entertainment District Tax
Credit Program has provided a fully refundable and transferable tax benefit for up to 25% of the
qualified rehabilitation expenses far the sensitive rehabilitation of historic buildings. The
program ensures that character-defining historic features and spaces of buildings are retained—
saving iconic structures and creating innovative spaces. The program revitalizes Iowa's main
streets and rural communities by growing jobs, thus increasing the need for residential and retail
growth to supportthose jobs. Job growth creates economic vibrancy across the state.
Baker Tilly analyzed Iowa's State Historic Tax Credit program impacts on employment, economic
output, taxes, and assessed property values by examining Iowa State Historic Tax Credit Projects
between 2011 and 2013. The 117Iowaprojects analyzed duringthatperiod yielded more than$8.2
million in state and local construction taxes, more than $18.4 million annually in direct state and
local taxes from operations, and they are estimated to have created more than $86.8 million in new
assessed property value, or an increase of 284%.
Additionally, more than 10,700 jobs are estimated to have been created through construction and
operations, and more than $559 million in economic output is estimated to have been created from
project construction periods and the first year of annual operations. Based on direct economic
impacts alone, the State of Iowa's return on investment in the Historic Tax Credit Program is 5:1
by year 3, almost 20:1 by year 10 and 32:1 by year 15.
"This study demonstrates to lawmakers, community leaders, and tax payers that the historic tax
credit is not a government handout, but an economic driver, especially for rural areas and main
streets in our state," said John Gronen, of Gronen Development. "It is a powerful tool vital to the
State of Iowa. More leaders from across the country are finding that a younger, qualified workforce
wants to reconnect to its heritage and live in communities with a sense of place."
Smart Growth Development has been leading Iowa on recent national advocacy efforts to preserve
the Federal Historic Tax Credit as Congress is conducting tax reform.
The Economic Impact Study conducted in Iowa reveals critical data demonstrating a significant
return on investment for Iowa communities.
About Smart Growth
Smart Growth Development is an Iowa bi-partisan non-profit coalition which advocates for
policies promoting smart growth practices and historic rehabilitation. The diverse membership
includes developers, municipalities, Main Street programs, Chambers of Commerce, architects,
contractors, accountants, attorneys, preservation organizations, economic development groups,
and more. Since 2009, Smart Growth has advocated for the continuation, growth, and accessibility
of financing programs that make historic rehabilitation projects possible.
www.smartgrowthdevelopment.org
About Heritage Works
Heritage Works is a comprehensive resource for those engaged in preservation and redevelopment
projects in the Dubuque area. It is focused on three primary objectives: facilitating collaboration
for catalytic preservation and restoration projects, including help in gathering financial assistance
for such projects; community and governmental advocacy emphasizing the importance of historic
preservation; and educational programming highlighting Dubuque's rich historic and architectural
heritage. Heritage Works is a 501(c)(3) corporation. www.herita�ewarksdbq.com.
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.rse of 117 commercial projects based on data
sourced irom �b materiaiiy characteristic projects which received lowa State Historic Tax
Credit Part III Historic certification from January 2011 to December 2013.
Baker Tilly utilized the base data from the 26 sample projects to develop an extrapolated analysis and account for likely
impacts on employment, economic ouqwt, taxes, and assessed property values across the universe of 117 commercial
classified projects. Data was correlated by weighting the sampled projects proportionately by geography, project type and
project QRE size. The 26 projects that were surveyed in depth comprised 56.6% of the $411.9 million of QREs ($103 million
in lowa State Historic Tax Credits) under analysis and were sorted into four categories; Apartment (APT), Commercial (COM),
Commercial+iotel (COM-H) and Mixed-Use (MIX).
Based on this analysis the following high level data points are notable:
• The 117 project universe is anticipated to yield a 5.04:1 return on investrnent by year 3, ramping upward to
19.7:1 in year 10, and to 32.1:1 by year 15, based on direct economic outputs alone.
• Over 6,000 ConsVuction jobs and roughly 4,600 permanent full time positions are projected to have been
generated by these investrnents.
• M increase in assessed valuations of over 284% for these properties.
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Return on Invesment
In looking at the overall return on investment, these projects provide economic output returns during construction and through
their placed in service dates, prior to claiming the lowa HTC. Looking at the first anticipated stabilized year, or year 3 it is
projected that the projects will yield $5.04:$1.00. This yield increases to $19.68:$1.00 by year 10, and ramps upward to
$32.1:$1.00 by year 15. This return is calculated on the economic output projections and is therefore fairly conservative.
A projected increase in direct operational wages of $191 million should trend upward over time, and is likely to increase R01 to
the state of lowa and local communities, as will the inclusion of property tax values—making the projected return on investment
calculation provided significantly conservative.
Direct Economic Output ROI of Iowa HTC Projects
$3500,000,000
$300,000,000 �
$328,100,000 Szso,000,000
$519,100,000 Szoo,000,000
$919,461,900 Siso,000,000
�. $2,026,536,185 Sioo,000,000
$3,311,097,976 Sso,000,000
So
Constmction 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Year
Overall,the 117 lowa HTC projects had more than $411.9 million in eligible lowa QREs with anticipated tax credits claimed post
construction of up to $103 million. These same projects yielded more than $8.2 million in state and local construction taxes,
more than $18.4 million annually in direct state and local taxes from operations, and they are estimated to have created more
than $86.8 million in new assessed property value, or an increase of 284%.
Assessed Value Increase
by Project Location
5�,�8�,103 �
$3,154,022
$35,704,503
$18,838,519
$15,245,687
$4,828,598
S
Additionally, more than 10,700 jobs are estimated to have been created through construction and operations, and more than
$559 million in economic output is estimated to have been created from project construction periods and the first year of
annual operations.
Summary of Estimate Total Impacts of Iowa HTC Projects
(Direct,Indirect,Induced),by Projut'I�pe
$130,777,927 2,222 $4,392,005 $172,944,535 3,194 $16,463,144
$46,510,697 764 $1,427,238 $1,724,154 117 $665,416
$118,615,744 2,340 $3,943,063 $27,097,445 1,215 $4,220,573
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� �comas�z�szso � GrandTotal: $184,308,043
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Eatimated � EstimatedAvvval
Couatructiou Divect Labo�Ivcome
Labov Iucom� t�om mmoeeae�,,
69�ofedT9Pe 69P�ofenType
� `COM-H9438886D �COM914f.8f8D2
M��"�91961� Grand Total: $31A,872,775
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Table of Contents
1 . The lowa S[a[e Hisroric Preservation and Cukurel & Eirtertainmen[ Dirtric[ (HPCED) Tax Cred'R Progrem
2. ExeMive Summary
3. MMhodology
4. conshuaion Period
7. Prolect Operetions
c4. HirtoricTazCredi[ ReportSummaryMlmpac6
Appendix
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A notable impact from having access to state historic tax credits is that it helps facilitate and leverage federal historic tax
credits. In 2015, the National Park Service documented that nearly half of all preservation projects that used the federal credit
also received a state-level credit, and that states with credits that coordinate better with ihe federal credit tend to be the
heaviest users of the federal program. For instance, NTHP analysis found Missouri's state historic tax credit doubled the usage
of the federal incentive when it was put into place.
While every state is different, the basic structure of the program is comparable across most states. The following are some
relevant findings from states with recent reports on their programs that possess state-level HTCs and those that do not:
ALABAMA-a 2017 report gave the state's 25% QRE HTC program an overall grade of "b" as it "provides important benefits
to local, regional and state economies ..."
OHIO —Also has a 25% QRE state historic tax credit. A recent report reflected that in the 7 year period ('07-'14) the $482.3
million expended in HTCs attracted $3.16 billion in additional capital or $6.20 to $1 per dollar expended in the form of tax
credits under ihe state HTC program.
Additionally, the Ohio Development Services Agency undertook an extensive analysis of the impact on property tax collection,
not just from historic properties, but from surrounding properties. They found:
"Changes in property values for renovated projects also triggered an increase in taxes collected from projects' parcels.
Moreover, not only were the collected taxes higher from renovated properties, both adjacent and radial parcel properties
yielded sufficiently higher tax revenues. Taxes collected from properties on project parcels increased by about $7.2 million
overall, or about 355%. Taxes rose by about 55% on adjacent parcels and by 30% on radial parcels."
OREGON — Oregon, which does not have a State HTC program engaged an analyst to review a capped program proposal for
25% QREs. The conclusion was that though the cap might limit investment it would certainly increase it with an expectation
that preservation investment would rise to four-fold in the number of projects, double to total investment and yield upwards of
$9 million in new property tax for the state.
KANSAS — Based on the Rutgers University study from 2010 the Kansas State HTC has markedly increased investment in
the state. In the 21 year period prior a total of $114 million inflation adjusted to 2009 dollars was expended on preservation
projects. In ihe first 8 years of ihe state credit $271 million was invested, moving from an annual investrnent of $5.4 million
to $33.9 million.
This overview provides a synopsis of the types of economic drivers that State HTC programs may have and explores to some
degree why so many states seek to understand their economic impact and why states like Oregon look to understand how
such a program might add to their economic development tools.
1
Executive Summary
This report extrapolates across a universe of 117 commercial projects based on data sourced from 26 materially characteristic
projects which received lowa State Historic Tax Credit Part III Historic certification from January 2011 to December 2013. A
discussion of the methodology follows in brief and at more length at the end of this report. Primary notable results include:
• Total IA State HTC expenditure is projected at $103MM for the period under review based on $411.9 MM in QREs. The
return on Investment— (ROp — based on direct economic output alone is projected at 5:04 to 1 through year 3.
• This increases to 19.68:1 by year 10 and to 32.1:1 by year 15.
• Direct construction economic output of $328.1 million and overall construction output of $349.4 million
• Direct construction jobs of 5,447 and overall construction jobs of 6,071
• Direct construction wages of $320.9 million
• Direct construction vendor related taxes in the State of lowa of $8.3 million
• Direct annual operations economic output of $191 million and overall operations output of $209.8 million
• Direct operations job generation of 4,103 and overall operations jobs of 4,643
• Direct annual operations wages of $184.3 million
• Direct annual operation taxes vendor and production related taxes in the State of lowa of $18.4 million
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Methodology
This report utilizes information from 26 projects that filed Part III Historic Preservation Certificate Applications for IA State
Historic Tax Credits (HTCs) between January 2011 and December 2013. These 26 projects had total Qualified Rehabilitation
Expenditures (QREs) of approximately $233,200,000.
During this same period, 152 project sites received lowa State HTCs and had more than $447.8 million in QREs. Included in this
total are 35 projects that were agricultural, non-profit/non-revenue-producing, or were single family residential in nature which
were excluded from this analysis.' Baker Tilly utilized the base data from the 26 sample projects to develop an extrapolated
analysis and account for likely impacts on employment, economic output, taxes, and assessed property values across the
universe of 117 commercial classified projects. Data was correlated by weighting the sampled projects proportionately by
geography, project type and project QRE size.
The 26 projects that were surveyed in depth comprised 56.6% of the $411.9 million of QREs under analysis and were sorted
into four categories; Apartment, Commercial, Commercial-Hotel and Mixed-Use.
The state was broken into 6 geographic areas of analysis as reflected below:
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'We have excluded 35 projects from this analysis (8.0 % of the total lowa QRE universe)that were comprised of projects that were agricultural, non-profit/non-revenue-
producing, or were single family resideritial. Overall, agricultural projects were 0.1%, single-family residential projects were 0.6%, and non-profrt projects comprised 7.3%of
total 2011-2013 QREs that were built, but excluded from this analysis.For further details on methodology, please see the appendix.
3
Economic Output
During the construction period for the 26 projects studied with approximately $233.2 million in QREs, it is estimated more than
$197.13 million in total economic output was created, with more than $185.4 million in spending from the projects directly,
and $11.6 million in additional supply chain-based economic output.
Extrapolating for the entire universe of projects studied with more than $411.9 million in QREs, it is estimated that for the lowa
HTC program as a whole, $349.3 million was created statewide in construction economic output from 117 projects in the four
categories studied (Apartments, Commercial, Commercial-Hotel, Mixed-Use), with more than $328.1 million in spending from
the projects directly, and more than $21.2 million in additional supply chain-based economic output.
Table 2: Construction Impact Estimates
for Universe of Studied Categories
� ' $51,305,689 $1,668,123 , $130,178 $367,616 $53,471,606
$121,405,524 $4,978,494 $363,333 $4,030,576 $130,777,927
$44,167,722 $1,430,121 $89,432 $823,424 $46,510,697
$111,231,626 $4,437,788 $298,965 $2,647,365 $118,615,744
� � • � : �
Employment
For the 26 sample projects that provided detailed labor and construction information, it is estimated that 3,051 new construction
jobs were created from construction activities, with 2,770 directjobs created, and an estimated 288jobs through supply chain
activity.
Evaluating proportionally across the entire universe of projects studied, it is estimated that 6,071 new construction jobs were
created from construction activities, with 5,447 direct jobs created, and an estimated additional 623 jobs through supply chain
activity.
Table 3: Estimated Construction Employment Effects
by Project Type
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695 35 4 10 745
1,947 143 7 125 2,222
685 51 2 26 764
2,119 131 5 84 2,340
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Wages
Labor income from direct construction wages is estimated at more than $320.8 million for all projects included in the study.
Construction labor income is broken out by types of projects follows in the table below.
APT $59,854,897 �
� COM $91,215,290
Table 4: Estimated
Construction Direct
Labor Income
by ProjectType
� COM-H $43,888,627
MIX $125,913,961 �
Grand Total: $320,872,775
TaY Impacts
Taxes on Productions and Imports from construction activity within the 26 project sample pool is estimated to have created
more than $5.1 million from all vendors, with more than $3.8 million in taxes created from local and lowa state-based
construction vendors, and more than $1.2 million from national vendors.
Overall, Taxes on Productions and Imports (TPI)from HTC construction activity across the lowa HTC projects included for study
is estimated to have created more than $10.9 million from all vendors, with more than $8.2 million in state and local taxes
created from construction vendors, and an estimated $2.7 million in taxes paid nationally by vendors.
State of lowa personal property taxes would also be realized by construction employees and supply chain vendors as a result
of construction labor income. Due to the state's multi-bracketed personal income tax structure, a precise estimate is not
possible without greater wage information from construction vendors that were employed on projects that received historic
tax credits.
Table 5: Estimated Construction Tax Effects
by Project Type
�
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$546,427 $476,309 $196,506 $1,219,241
$1,648,513 $1,555,857 $1,187,636 $4,392,005
$580,304 $526,814 $320,121 $1,427,238
$1,526,758 $1,422,678 $993,627 $3,943,063
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5
Geographic Distribution of Construction Impacts
The following results are noted based on geographic zone for construction impacts by geographic zone as estimated across
the 117 HTC projects included in the exhapolated analysis:
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Table 6: Estimated Construction Impacts
by Projut Location
� �
532 531,472,433 5435,638 519,913,476
221 513,076,595 5268,132 531,331,836
2,564 5157,036,111 52,221,999 Sll3,549,943
607 540,702,483 5406,163 516,418,511
1,071 554,720,339 5643,751 569,867,858
452 531,102,600 5326,319 59,791,153
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Economic Output
Annual operations for the projects sampled that received HTCs by the State of lowa are estimated to have created more than
$96.1 million in economic output spending, with approximately $87.4 million from direct project sites, and more than $8.7
million in supply chain-based economic output.
For the State of lowa as a whole, it is estimated that more than $209.8 million in economic output spending is created annually
from HTC project location operations, with approximately$190.9 million from direct project sites, and more than $18.9 million
in supply chain-based economic output.
Table 7: Estimated Economic Output
&om Site Operationa,poaEHTC,by Projut'I�pe
� �
57,401,209 5570,587 545,998 555,347 58,073,141
5157,747,687 57,123,356 5461,526 57,611,965 Sll2,944,535
51,511,648 590,502 55,219 5116,785 51,724,154
524,266,767 51,469,668 588,009 51,273,001 527,097,445
• � • .�� • � �. . � . .
Employment
Based upon the projects that provided tenancy information, it is estimated more than 2,250 new permanent, FTE jobs were
created from operations at the sampled project sites, with 2,001 directjobs created, and an estimated 250 FTE jobs ihrough
supply chain activity.
Across the state of lowa as a whole as a result of projects that received HTCs, it is estimated that more than 4,640 new
permanent, annual jobs were created from operations across lowa HTC project sites, with 4,103 direct jobs created, and an
estimated 540 annual jobs through realized through supply chain activity.
Table 8: Estimated Employment
&om Site Operationa
� �
103 12 0 2 117
2,759 192 14 229 3,194
111 3 0 3 117
1,129 44 2 40 1,215
- � �
7
Wages
Annual labor income from direct wages is estimated at more than $184.3 million for all projects included for study. Operations
labor income is broken out by type of project below.
� APT $5,653,577
MIX $27,846,768
� , Grand Total: $184,308,043
COM-H $2,929,426 � �
� Table 9: Estimated
Annual Labor
Income
from Site Operations,
by Project Type
� COM $147,878,272
TaY Impacts
For the 26 projects sampled, Taxes on Productions and Imports (TPI)from operational activity is estimated to create more than
$10.4 million from all vendors annually, with more than $8.8 million in taxes created from local and lowa state-based vendors,
and more than $1.6 million is estimated to be created in operational taxes annually from national-based vendors.
Across lowa HTC projects as a whole, it is estimated that more than $21.8 million is created in taxes from production and
imports annually from all vendor operations, with more than $18.4 million in taxes created from local and lowa state-based
vendors, and more than $3.4 million is estimated to be created nationally in operational taxes annually from out of state
vendors.
As mentioned in the construction section, State of lowa personal property taxes would also be realized annually as a result of
site operations labor income. Due to the state's multi-bracketed personal income tax structure, a precise estimate of taxes
generated by projected wages is not possible without greater knowledge of personal data related employee wage information
from subject property tenants, as noted above.
Table 10: Estimated TaYes on Production and Imports (TPI)
from Site Operations,by Project Type
�
� � � , �
$249,321 $211,968 $61,220 $522,509
$7,317,701 $6,411,682 $2,733,760 $16,463,144
$312,564 $268,062 $84,791 $665,416
$1,943,296 $1,692,143 $585,134 $4,220,573
� • �-
8
Project Operations (cont.)
- ,:k�
k�
,pcpa samplB�`�hagge ro�ec s. property valy�essautd
o served in h �. u�i� s�aif�e�lowa stat 'hi5'C.91r�xax�redits Tax and �� ec " t
information w�,s vrc�ed,�pr �aic�j�4o in time prior t9 eon�ru'Ct�o ' ' �
�a ��',: .`.' ,,� -�� : �": �
Prior t���e�qg'tak cre�ds, th�'�6�ample proj e�,���sesr�e.d v ..a � r
prqect�:u�re�cortiple4ed the same R�lectswhad �r�e�,��rbp8q�ty-t �"� .,4
million �h increas8 of 310% and paid r�t�fe than$�{7f6�.nilh statG;an �� ` d
2016 fax year information Extrapolating for the 11r,7 NiTC p �� funrJed ' � � t� �,oi '� ts,�:s:�
_� funded, overall it is estimated ihat property assessr�rent�alu � ficP�owa increa5��o�P�,�� �� �ter� `
�nstruction on properties that participated in the pro'g�'zrPr`� ' � � _
,.,. _
�� Bue to a varie�of state legislative effor�to provide propertySax relief in lowa in recent years, variable property tax discounting .��.
� allowed under state}aws, and,the ability grauted to property ownersko di�y ne�tiate tax relief initiatives individually within_�.'�
� �Tocal jurisdictions, a full analysis of property taxes collected across tax ntitie and any projection of future tax revenue'+�'�-
investment is not possible for HTC projects under consideration in this analysis. However, an analysis of the change�
— ` dassess `va�- erformed without consideration of legislative effect as noted below:
. .
SumofActual SumofPc�Aehab SumofCuccevt
Profect Type v Sample Meav Aehab Cost Aehab Cost Assessed Value Assessed Value
GrandTotal 26 $8,927,147 $232,105,815 $17,151,665 $67,381,375
Sum ofAcNal Estimated Pc�Aehab Estlmated Cuccevt
ProfectType NPop MeavAehabCost AehabCost AssessedValue AssessedValue
GrandTotal 117 $3,521,121 $411,971,185 $41,616,000 $118,553,000
�_-'. .
. ' � a:
� � ' ri i
— ' � �
Geographic Distribution of Operational Impacts
Estimating the change in properties' assessed values across geographic regions in lowa for the 117 projects that received
funding for the project types studied, the following property assessment value increases are estimated:
Table 13: Assessed Value Increase
by Project Location $s6,sss,629
$35,704,503
$18,838,519
� � � $15,2� �
$7,787,103
$3,154,022 $4,828,598
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 TOTAL
Table 14: Estimated Operations Impacts
by Project Location
257 1 $17,312,135 $3,833,225 $21,673,589 i
17 $250,509 $36,227 $432,844
3,417 $160,481,851 $5,120,302 $147,925,544
67 $1,076,729 $179,597 $1,834,047
- 248 $10,477,329 $490,028 $10,947,381
97 $1,328,757 $163,505 $1,494,639
� • � �: �-
)
, ���
� � ' ' ' � —
.. . . �
• ti,� � ' 'k , �_ � '• '.�-
HTC Report Summary
t an - �. m 4a�nr�a�3�'irr d - �d t
new as�s��Rio`k3�3'ty value, or�in int+�gase oF�28 �� ' y w^ . '� ;- • - ;
v • � � � f •Lu'
4 � .. ' . R 'i` � � $ `� � $�s 3� `�` -.
Addit�oriaAy more�Man 10 100�obs�arg.e�imated to ave�ere c �'ted thro��h hLe i an
$505 rc�flion in economic output is eStir�Na`t"ed to haV��e�n a�at��ram pro�ect��tY��r �, rda a`�s
�" �. . ;� �,- '- �-�a.,.,i- �a� + �'� '__.' �' ,+;
� In looking at the overall return on irtvestment, these prq8cts-provi�eeconomic outpt$�ret��+ rm ,co s r s�ron an 9Mrxiugh+�� -�
`��ced in service date prior to claiming the IA HTC. Looking at ;h��first aoticipated stabil¢ed�,�or� 3'Pt�rojected''X
.. that the projects will yield 15.04:1. This yield increases to 19 68 1`6y year 10 and�Yamps upward to 32.1:1 by year 15 '-�.��
Fhis return ismcalculated on the econc/iic output projections and is therefore fairly conservative. Taking into account the ��
� ._anticipated increase in assessed value from date of commencement of�bilitatign to the placed in service date of 284%�_;_
and the increased value of $191 million in direct wages (increasing incre tally c�jertime) the communities served by these`"'�"
tivities are likely to see higher outcome values. Therefore the projected rate of return is considered to be_,�
.
�
Operations
Emnomic Output Emnomic Output
ProJutType ToGI ToGlJobs ToGITPI ToGI 1btalJobs ToGITPI
GrandTotal $349,375,973 6,071 $10,981,548 $209,839,274 4,643 $21,871,642
� 1 1 ' 1
Glossary
Direct Effect: The effect of new input purchases by the initially changed industries. This is the first round of impacts (see
°Indirect°). This change is due to inter-industry effects.
Indirect Effect: The subsequent ripple effect in further supply chains resulting from the direct change. In more awkward
terms, this shows the sales change in the supply chains of the supply chain, as a result of the direct change. This is the second
round of impacts (see "DirecY'). This change is due to inter-industry effects.
Induced Effect: This change is due to the impact of the new earnings created by the initial, direct, and indirect changes.
These earnings enter the economy as employees spend their paychecks in the region on food, clothing, and other goods and
services. In other words, this figure represents the income effects on inter-industry trade.
Input-Output Model: A mathematical representation of the economic relationships among industries in a region, especially
with reference to how much each industry purchases from each other industry.
Taxes on Production and Imports: Taxes on production and imports (TPI) consist of tax liabilities, such as general sales
and property taxes that are chargeable to business expense in the calculation of profit-type incomes. Special assessments are
also included. TPI is comprised of state and local taxes—primarily non-personal property taxes, licenses, and sales and gross
receipts taxes—and Federal excise taxes on goods and services. Source: Emsi model, incorporating data from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA).
Assumptions
The universe of lowa HTC projects for the purposes of this analysis was comprised of 117 project sites that had QREs totaling
$411.9 million. The 26 projects that were surveyed in depth comprised 56.6% of the QREs under analysis and were sorted
into four categories; Apartment, Commercial, Commercial-Hotel and Mixed-Use.
Projects that were chosen for sampling were tested to ensure proper distribution and diversity across communities based on
community population size and geographic location in relation to the universe of projects that received lowa HTCs to ensure a
reasonable representative sample.
N(n)=117 (26)
18 (4) 0(0) 0(0) 3(1) 5(0) 8(2) 2 (1)
65 (8) 5(1) 3(0) 20(3) 5(0) 24(1) 8(3)
4 (3) 0(0) 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (1) 0(0) 0(0)
30 (11) 1 (1) 1 (1) 12 (4) 3(2) 12 (3) 1 (0)
About Smart Growth
Smart Growth Development is an lowa bi-partisan non-profit coalition which aMocates for policies promoting smart grow[h practices
and historic rehabilitation. Our diverse membership indudes developers, municipalities, Main Street programs, Chambers of Commerce,
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educational programming highlighting Dubuque's rich historic and architectural heritage. Heritage Works is a 501(c)(3) corporation.
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