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Holy Ghost Catholic Historic DistrictMasterpiece on the Mississippi Enclosure cc: Barry Lindahl, City Attorney Cindy Steinhauser, Assistant City Manager Laura Carstens, Planning Services Manager Dubuque kettil AU-America City t 2007 TO: The Honorable Mayor and City Council Members FROM: Michael C. Van Milligen, City Manager SUBJECT: Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District National Register of Historic Places Nomination DATE: May 9, 2011 Planning Services Manager Laura Carstens is transmitting the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, 2887 -2921 Central Avenue, for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. The State Nominations Review Committee plans to consider the nomination at their June 10, 2011 quarterly meeting. The State requests that the City review and comment on whether the nomination meets significance criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. City staff concurs with the nomination's findings that the property is significant, and should be listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Unfortunately, this nomination was delayed in reaching the City, and an expedited process for the City's participation in the National Register of Historic Places nomination process, including shortening the 60 -day commenting period, is needed to avoid a three -month delay. The City will provide the public with opportunities to review and comment on the nomination. Planning Services Manager Laura Carstens recommends that the City Council concur with the nomination's findings that the property meets significance criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, and recommend that the State Nominations Review Committee support the nomination. I concur with the recommendation and respectfully request Mayor and City Council approval. C-6 ( (- 6i-41 ; fr Michael C. Van Milligen r-r -ii Masterpiece on the Mississippi TO: Michael Van Milligen, City Manager FROM: Laura Carstens, Planning Services Manager SUBJECT: Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District NRHP Nomination DATE: May 9, 2011 Dubuque m 2007 Introduction The State Nominations Review Committee plans to consider the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, 2887 -2921 Central Avenue, for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) at their June 10, 2011 quarterly meeting. As a participant of the Certified Local Government Program, the City of Dubuque is required to review and comment on the proposed NRHP nominations of properties within its jurisdiction. The nomination, photographs, and review form are enclosed. Discussion The State requests that the City review and comment on whether the nomination meets significance criteria (A, B, C or D) for listing in the NRHP. The nomination indicates that the property is locally significant under criteria A and C. Criterion A is a property that is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Criterion C is a property that embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction of represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. Unfortunately, this nomination was delayed in reaching the City, and an expedited process for the City's participation in the NRHP nomination process, including shortening the 60 -day commenting period, is needed to avoid a three -month delay. The City will provide the public with opportunities to review and comment on the property's National Register eligibility. The Historic Preservation Commission conducted an expedited review and voted electronically in favor of the nomination on May 9, 2011. The Commission's letter of support is enclosed. Recommendation City staff concurs with the nomination's findings that the property is significant under criteria A and C, and should be listed in the NRHP. I recommend that the City Council concur with the nomination's findings that the property meets significance criteria A and C for listing in the NRHP, and recommend the State Nominations Review Committee support the nomination. Enclosures cc: David Klavitter, Chairperson, Historic Preservation Commission F: \USERS \Djohnson \HPC\Pending National Register Nomination \Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District \Nomination Holy Ghost NRHP Memo.doc Planning Services Department City Hall 50 West 13th Street Dubuque, IA 52001 -4864 (563) 589 -4210 phone (563) 589 -4221 fax (563) 589 -6678 TDD planning@cityofdubuque.or The Honorable Mayor and City Council Members City of Dubuque City Hall -50 W. 13 Street Dubuque, IA 52001 RE: Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District NRHP Nomination Dear Mayor and City Council Members: Introduction The City of Dubuque Historic Preservation Commission has reviewed the above -cited request. The nomination, staff memo and related materials are attached for your review. Discussion The State Nominations Review Committee plans to consider the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, 2887 -2921 Central Avenue, for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) during their June 10, 2011 meeting. The Commission's role is to review these nominations, and then forward our recommendation to the Council. This nomination was delayed in reaching the City, and an expedited review process was needed. The Commission therefore conducted its review electronically on May 9, 2011. Recommendation By a vote of 6 to 0, the Commission finds that the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District meets Criterions A (associated with significant events in our history) and C (is of an architectural style representative of a period and type unique and significant in our community) as outlined in the application, and therefore recommend that it be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A simple majority vote is needed for the City Council to concur with the request, and to forward the nomination to the State. Respectfully submitted, David Klavitter, Chairperson Historic Preservation Commission Masterpiece on the Mississippi May 9, 2011 F: \USERS \Djohnson \HPC \Pending National Register Nomination \Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District \Holy Ghost HPC Council Letter.doc CLG NATIONAL REGISTER REVIEW WAIVER The City of Dubuque Historic Preservation Commission agrees with the State of Iowa to expedite its participation in the National Register of Historic Places nomination process, including shortening the 60 -day commenting period, for the following property: Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, 2887 -2921 Central Avenue, Dubuque The City of Dubuque Historic Preservation Commission provided the public with the following opportunities to review and comment on the property's National Register eligibility: Copies of the nomination were made available for public review and comment during normal business hours at the following venues: Dubuque City Clerk's Office, First Floor, City Hall, 50 W. 13 Street, Dubuque, Iowa; Planning Service Office, Second Floor, City Hall, 50 W. 13 Street, Dubuque, Iowa; and Carnegie -Stout Public Library, 360 W. 11 Street. The nomination also was posted for public review and comment on the City of Dubuque website: www.cityofdubuque.org. Public Notice of the availability of the nomination at the above venues, and the public's opportunity to comment at the Dubuque City Council meeting of May 16, 2011 at 6:30 p.m. in the City Council Chamber of the Historic Federal Building, 350 W. 6th Street, Dubuque, Iowa, was published in the Telegraph Herald, the community's local newspaper, and posted on the City of Dubuque website: www.cityofdubuque.org. Chairman, Historic Preserva ion Commission Chief Ele �ed Local Official Date .c / / Date /0 RETURN TO: State Historical Society of Iowa, ATTN: National Register Coordinator, 600.E. Locust, Des Moines, IA 50319 CLG NATIONAL REGISTER REVIEW CLG Name Dubuque Date of Public Meeting Property Name Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, 2887 -2921 Central Avenue, Dubuque, Dubuque County 1. For Historic Preservation Commission: ❑ Recommendation of National Register eligibility ❑ Recommendation of National Register ineligibilit _ t Signature < < Date s///( Print Name ifd /11> f b 11,4 V Title ('Ma irp_ais — Reason(s) for recommendation: The Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District meets significance Criteria A & C for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. 2. For Chief Elected Local Official: ❑ Recommendation oftional Register eligibility ❑ Recommendation of tional ttegister ineligibility Signature Date Print Name Roy 19: Buol Title Mayo r Reason(s) for recommendation: The Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District meets significance Criteria A & C for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. 3. Professional Evaluation: ❑ Recommendation of National Register eligibility ❑ Recommendation of National Register ineligibility Signature Date Print Name Title Reason(s) for recommendation: RETURN TO: State Historical Society of Iowa, ATTN: National Register Coordinator, 600 E. Locust, Des Moines, IA 50319 NPS Form 10 -900 OMB No. 1024 -0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) €J United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form Is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N /A" for not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional certification comments, entries, and narrative items on continuation sheets if needed (NPS Form 10 - 900a). 1. Name of Property historic name Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District other names /site number 2. Location street & number 2887 -2921 Central Avenue city or town Dubuque state Iowa code IA county Dubuque 3. State /Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this x nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property x meets does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: national statewide x local Signature of certifying official Date Title State or Federal agency /bureau or Tribal Govemment In my opinion, the property _ meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official Date 4. National Park Service Certification I, hereby, certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register _ other (explain:) Signature of the Keeper Date of Action N/A not for publication N/A vicinity code 61 zip code 52001 Title State or Federal agency /bureau or Tribal Government determined eligible for the National Register _ removed from the National Register Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State 5. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) (Check only one box) x private public - Local public - State public - Federal 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions) RELIGION / religious facility RELIGION / church school RELIGION / church - related residence 7. Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions) LATE VICTORIAN / Romanesque LATE 19 and 20 CENTURY REVIVALS / Late Gothic Revival LATE 19 and 20 CENTURY REVIVALS / Italian Renaissance x building(s) district site structure object Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N /A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing) Architectural and Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1833 -1955 Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously fisted resources in the count.) Contributing Noncontributing N/A 4 1 4 1 Number of contributing resources previously listed In the National Register Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) RELIGION / religious facility RELIGION / church - related residence VACANT /NOT IN USE Materials (Enter categories from instructions) foundation: Stone / Limestone walls: Brick roof: Asphalt other: Stone / Limestone buildings district site structure object Total 2 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance of the property. Explain contributing and noncontributing resources if necessary. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, setting, size, and significant features.) Summary Paragraph The Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District in located in the section of Dubuque that developed to the north of 22 Street in the early 20 century (Figure 2). The historic district includes four contributing brick buildings constructed from 1896 to 1917 and one non - contributing brick building constructed in 1966, all associated with the Holy Ghost parish (Figure 3). The buildings are located on the west side of Central Avenue primarily in the 2900 block at the base of the bluffs. The bluffs extend along a line slightly in from the Mississippi River, creating a lower plateau that was the initial focus of Dubuque's development. Residential and industrial growth spread to the north valley and northeast plateau of Dubuque, with Central Avenue the main corridor north out of Dubuque through the north (fouler Valley) section (Figure 4). Central Avenue ran from downtown to the northern city limits along the base of this bluff. The site chosen for Holy Ghost on the west side of Central Avenue is thus framed by the bluffs behind it. The four initial buildings constructed for Holy Ghost remain on this site and reflect the complete development of the initial vision of the Holy Ghost parish. The three -story brick Romanesque Revival school was built in 1896 as a multi - purpose building, including uses as a school, church, and convent. The two -story brick Late Gothic Revival rectory was built in 1898 to the north of the school. With the school and convent requiring additional space, the two -story brick convent was built to the south of the school in 1903. Finally, the Holy Ghost Catholic Church was constructed in the Italian Renaissance Revival style in 1917 on the lot north of the rectory. These four buildings contribute significantly to the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District. The one -story brick garage behind the rectory was built in 1966 and is counted as a non - contributing building. The historic district is located within a primarily residential neighborhood that extends to the east of the bluff and property. Central Avenue contains historic commercial buildings mixed within the blocks with residences, and historic industrial uses are found within a few blocks to the east along the railroad corridor. Narrative Description The four contributing buildings of the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District are located in a line on the west side of Central Avenue at the base of the bluff (Figure 3). The buildings have similar setbacks, with the rectory set further back reflecting its residential quality. The grounds around the convent, school, and church are generally blacktopped for parking, with grass and landscaping on the lot associated with the rectory. A driveway extends through the rear of the rectory lot and behind the church. Additional parking for the church is located to the north outside the historic district boundary behind the later two -story school completed in 1962. The buildings are located within G.R. West's Addition to Dubuque. The two 60 -foot lots south of the convent are utilized for parking, with the convent then located on the 60 -foot Lot 6. The 50 -foot wide extension of 29 Street has been incorporated into the Holy Ghost property as Lot 6A on the north side of the convent. The school then sits to the north on the wider 120 -foot Lot 7. The rectory also sits on a 120 -foot lot, with the non - contributing garage added at the rear of this lot. The parcel for the church includes 108 feet along Central Avenue of the original 120-foot Lot 9. Thus, the complex extends 578 feet along the west side of Central Avenue, with the buildings generally regularly spaced. The buildings exhibit a mix of Revival styles popular in the 1890s and early 20 century, united by the red brick construction, stone detailing, and somewhat similar features. Overall, the four buildings have an aesthetic cohesive quality conveyed through the architecture. While non - contributing, the red brick of the later garage is complementary to this character. The rear parcel lines extend up the bluff, which then is partially included within the district boundary. An inset in the bluff at the rear of the convent lot has been developed with a stone shrine built in 1996 and stone retaining wall. 3 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State Several features characteristic of the Romanesque Revival style are exhibited on the Holy Ghost School completed in 1896 (2905 Central Avenue). The three -story brick building sits on a raised rusticated stone foundation. The cornerstone reading "Holy Ghost School and Church 1896" is located at the southeast corner of the facade (east). The hip roof has projected brick gable sections on the front (east) and sides. The overall design of the facade is symmetrical, with the central gable -roof section containing an interior hall projected from the facade. The characteristic semi - circular arches are utilized on the primary entries. Originally the interior second and third story spaces were combined, and thus the second story windows provide a type of base for or extension of the semi - circular arch third story windows. The segmental arches of the first story windows are accented with stone arch details, similar to the third story. Stone belt courses create horizontal division of the stories. The hip roof has projected cross gables with parapets and corner pinnacles. These features introduce some Gothic Revival elements, not uncommon in Romanesque Revival architecture. The majority of the windows throughout the building have been replaced, though the replacement was completed in such a manner that the lower sash portion has a non - historic window while the upper sash portion has a panel inserted. Thus, the overall one -over- one -light double -hung window design continues to be reflected. Small gable -roof dormers with one - over - one -light double -hung arch wood windows are located on either end of the east (facade) and west (rear) elevations. A two -story brick gable -roof rear addition completed in 1967 complements the original architecture of the building with segmental arch windows. It is connected by a hallway parallel to the rear of the main building, entering at the mid -level along the rear stairs. The interior of the building reflects the original 1896 construction and the 1917 remodeling to convert the building to full use as a school. The layout reflects this period with four classrooms split from a large central hall an each of the three main stories. The front (east) stairs of the main hall were extended to the upper stories at this time, with the stairs at the rear (west) of the central hall added and accessing all levels. The pressed metal ceilings found throughout the building also likely date to this 1917 remodel. Wood door and window trim is intact throughout the building, with large four -light transom windows above the interior classroom doors. Solid wood doors have replaced the original first and second story doors, while the third story retains original wood doors with a window above three lower inset panels. Wood wainscoting extends along the classroom and hall walls on the first and second story, and it appears to have not been installed during the 1917 remodel to create the interior third story. The Late Gothic Revival style was chosen for the Holy Ghost Rectory built in 1898 (2917 Central Avenue). Pointed arches are utilized for all openings on the main section of the two -story brick building. The rusticated stone foundation is capped with a smooth stone water table. The cornerstone at the southeast corner of the facade (east) reads "Holy Ghost Rectory 1898." Projected square brick sections are found on the south half of the east (front) side and on the west end of the main section of the north side. The south side has a brick cross gable centered on the elevation. Non - historic steps and porch are located on the front (east) of the building. The entry appears to retain its original wood door and sidelight, set within a pointed arch opening with quatrefoil and trefoil designs in the stone tracery. The first story windows on the east (front), including the side bay, have pointed arch stone caps with shoulders and a small trefoil detail at the point. The side windows provide a similar detail in brick with a projected course. Trefoil and quatrefoil details are found within the pointed arch of the window on the first story windows. Windows throughout the building have replacement one - over - one -light double -hung sashes. Stone belt courses provide horizontal elements at the level of the first story and second story window sills. A side entry is located near the center of the south side, accessed from non- historic steps and porch. This porch replaced an earlier porch with round columns. Brick corbelling is found under the eaves of the main roof and accenting the cross gable on the secondary facade (south). The rear (west) elevation is simpler with jack arch brick lintels above a handful of windows. A small gable -roof dormer is located about the rear ell on the north half of the rear (west) elevation. The interior has a central hall on each story. The first story hall leads to the stairs, which retain their original decorative newel post and balustrade. The historic door and window trim throughout the building features fluted molding with bulls -eye corner blocks. An art glass window is located at the mid -level of the stairs. The rooms throughout the rectory have been generally been carpeted. A portion of the first story is currently used for offices and meeting rooms, while the second story has living quarters and bedrooms. The first story bathroom retains green tile with black accents. 4 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State The Sisters Convent of Holy Ghost (2887 Central Avenue) built in 1903 has some details reflective of the Romanesque and Gothic revival designs of the first two buildings while including other general details of this late Victorian period. The brick building is an overall cubical hip -roof form, with a gable -roof section running along the rear of the building and extending out on the west side. The brick gable on the front (east) has finials associated with the Gothic Revival style. The rusticated stone foundation is capped by a smooth water table course. The cornerstone reading "1903 — Sisters Convent of the Holy Ghost Congregation" is located at the southeast corner of the facade (east). The gable roof of the entry porch appears to be original with a carved wood fanlight detail, though the original wood round columns have been replaced with black metal columns. Stone arch caps were added above the segmental arch brick lintels on the paired one - over - one -light double -hung windows on the facade (east), a simpler yet reflective detail of the window treatments on the front of the rectory and school. The carved scrollwork and fluted center mullion reflects this late Victorian period or perhaps the Gothic Revival style. The windows on the side and rear elevation are simple one - over -one -light double -hung segmental arch windows common in this period for residential construction. The side porch has also been replaced with a 20 century porch, removing the original wood round columns. The basement entry addition on the south side dates to the 1991 remodeling. With the remodeling of the third story, long shed -roof dormers were added on the south side and rear (west) with a small shed -roof dormer added on the north. The interior also dates to this remodeling in 1954, with wood paneling on the hall walls. The entry leads to a central hall with the main stairs on the first story. The stairs retain their historic balustrade, though simpler than in the rectory. A stone plaque in the hall near the door credits the donors in German. The original configuration appears to have had four large rooms on the first story, with the two large rear rooms perhaps originally utilized as classroom space. Historic door and window trim remains throughout the first story, with decorative corner blocks. The original door openings opening into the central hall on the second story retain two -light transom windows and four -panel wood doors. The 1954 remodeling appears to have reconfigured the space for additional private rooms, with some doors added into new rooms. Eleven rooms are located around the central hall on the east, south, and west sides. A large shared bathroom is found on the east side. The third story was also expanded for additional space, resulting in seven rooms including a large kitchen and living room. When the Holy Ghost Catholic Church (2921 Central Avenue) was designed in 1916, the Dubuque Telegraph - Herald noted that "The new church will be unique in Dubuque and in Iowa for its style of architecture. It will be built on the Italian Basilica style with a transept and clear story. This style is old in the history of the world, but new in this part of the country" ( "Holy Ghost Parish Soon to Have Magnificent House of Worship," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, July 16, 1916, section 2, page 1). The church, completed in 1917, reflects principals of ancient Roman architecture that were reinterpreted in the Italian Renaissance of the 16 century and revived in the early 20 century. The large brick Italian Renaissance Revival church reflects the cross form in plan with the transept intersecting the main space of the nave and altar. One -story side aisles flank the two -story nave creating a clerestory with high windows. The altar section is semi - circular in plan, and this section is also flanked by one -story sections on the exterior. The overall design of the facade (east) and sides (north, south) of the church is symmetrical. The central main double -door entry is set within the semi - circular arch opening with a pediment supported by Corinthian pilasters. Paired semi - circular windows set within a semi - circular opening flank either side. A stone semi - circular arch extends around the rose windows on the second story from the top of Corinthian pilasters on either side. The side aisle sections have single -door entries set in semi- circular arch openings as well, with a circular window above each of these entries. Semi- circular arch windows are evenly spaced on both sides of the church, with the semi - circle emphasized with a stone arch cap. Brick pilasters create several bays on either side, echoing Roman columns. The projected transept sections on the north and south sides have rose windows centered on the second story height with a stone arch detailing extending around and above the window similar to the facade. A small gable -roof square bay under the window on each side provides space for inset interior stations. Semi - circular arch windows are found around the curved wall on the rear (west) as well as on the lower one -story flanking sections. The southwest corner is dominated by a 136 -foot square tower, measuring 17 by 17 feet. Double pilasters extend up the tower, with arch windows at four levels of the height. The fifth (top) window level features a large quatrefoil window on the north, east, and south sides. Open arches extend around top of the tower, which has a pyramidal roof and 5 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State cross. The decoration of the interior of the church dates to the remodeling in the 1960s. At this time, the murals were painted over, leaving only the circular mural on the ceiling at the cross point of the nave and transept. The remainder of the ceiling is coffered, creating a square grid throughout the interior. The square columns defining the side aisles and supporting the clerestory have Corinthian detail that has been painted in an accent color. The initial stained glass windows were installed around 1935, with the upper stained glass windows added in the 1960s. The wood pews appear to be original. The organ loft at the east end has carved panels with arch details as well. The basement retains its stage at the west end. The non - historic dropped ceiling has reduced the height of the space, and the linoleum tile floor is also non - historic. The kitchen under the north transept section has been remodeled. Two classrooms are found in the space under the south section of the transept. The remainder of the space under the nave is open. A large one -story gable -roof brick garage built in 1966 is located behind (west) of the rectory (2915 Central Avenue). The building has two large two -car overhead door openings on the south side, though the west opening has been partially framed in and reduced to a single -car overhead door. The building sits on a concrete foundation. It is the only non - contributing resource tabulated on the property. Smaller non - historic features including the shrine and a small shed have not been tabulated. An inset in the bluff at the rear of the convent lot has been developed with a stone shrine built in 1996. Statuary line the top of a stone /concrete retaining wall that extends along the base of the bluff at the rear of the south three lots, continue on the later stone retaining wall around the shrine, and extend onto the large slab stone retaining wall at the base of the bluff behind the school and rectory. No date could be determined for the oldest section of this wall at the rear of the convent parking lot, which includes a combination of stone and broken concrete slabs. The integrity of the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District is excellent. The location and setting on the west side of Central Avenue at the foot of the bluffs is intact. The relationship to the historic residential neighborhood with scattered historic commercial buildings extending north and south to the east is also intact. The key four buildings constructed through the initial development period are extant and exhibit good individual integrity of design, materials, and workmanship. The complex retains its overall design relationships among the buildings. Likewise, the key materials and workmanship of brick and stone that characterize the buildings continue to define the character of the historic district. The one non - contributing brick building is set behind the rectory, not generally visible from Central Avenue, and does not detract from the historic quality or relationships of the earlier buildings. The association of the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District with a historic Catholic complex complete with church, school, rectory, and convent is strong. Overall, the feeling of the historic district continues to reflect and support this historic function. 6 Name of Property County and State 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing) x x x Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. 6 C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information Significant Dates important in prehistory or history. 1896 1898 Criteria Considerations (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply) Property is: Owned by a religious institution or used for religious A purposes. 6 removed from its original location. C a birthplace or grave. D a cemetery. E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. F a commemorative property. G less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years. Period of Significance (justification) Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) Architecture Education Social History Period of Significance 1896 - 1946 1903 1917 Cultural Affiliation n/a Architect/Builder Heer, Martin Beck, Guido Rettenmeier, Xavier Millerleily, John Kutsch Brothers Ney, Albert The period of significance covers the early history and development of the Holy Ghost parish from completion of the first building in 1896 through the construction of the other core buildings (1898, 1903, 1917) and completion of the interior of the church (1935) to 1946. The period of significance covers the initial 50 -year history of the parish through the end of World War II and final payment of the parish debt for these buildings that were initially envisioned for the parish. This period is characterized by the formation of Holy Ghost parish, construction of the four core buildings as related to its growth, and the historic development as a neighborhood parish. These four initial buildings are linked visually by their architecture and materials. It ends prior to the evolution and expansion of the parish in the post World War II period from 1946 through circa 1967 7 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State related to suburban development in Dubuque from the 1950s through the 1960s on the bluffs to the west and north, though this later period of significance may be further explored and incorporated at a future date. Criteria Considerations (explanation, if necessary) The significance of the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District lies in the excellent architecture of the four core buildings and in the association with the social history of the development of the northern section of Dubuque from 1896 to 1946. Thus, it meets Criterion Consideration A for religious properties. Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance and applicable criteria) The Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District centered on the 2900 block of Central Avenue in Dubuque is locally significant for the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A for its association with the development of this northern section of Dubuque and under Criterion C for its collection of excellent brick architecture. The period of significance spans from the construction of the initial building in 1896 through 1946. This period is most strongly associated with the social history associated with the development of this northern section of Dubuque in the first half of the 20 century, ending at the 50 anniversary with all initial debt paid. Significant dates include the construction of the original building in 1896 and remodel in 1917, construction of the rectory in 1898, construction of the convent in 1903, and construction of the church in 1917. The historic district meets registration requirements for the contexts of "Fitful Growth and Maturation, 1894- 1910" and "Era of Stability, 1911 to 1955" under the Architectural and Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, Multiple Property Document. Three of the buildings are also cited within the document as individually eligible under these historic contexts. Narrative Statement of Significance (provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance) The Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District is nominated under Criterion A for its significance within the social history and education of the northern section of Dubuque through its growth and development from 1896 to 1946. Through this period, the Catholic Church was a strong institution in the city, with parishes created as a direct result of the development of the community and need to serve Catholic residents in growing areas of the city. Thus, the Holy Ghost Parish was created in 1895 to serve the area north of Sacred Heart along 22 "`t Street. A location was selected at the foot of the bluffs on the west side of the 2900 block of Central Avenue, and a combination school - church - convent building was completed in 1896. This construction was followed by a rectory built in 1898. With the growth of the neighborhood, additional living quarters were needed for the Sisters who taught at the school, and additional space was required for the school. The convent was then built in 1903. Holy Ghost played a significant role in this working class and German neighborhood through the early 20 century. The church was a key social institution in this period, and the profile of the parishioners reflected the profile of the area. Children within the area attended Holy Ghost School. With additional industrial jobs located a few blocks to the east along the railroad corridor in the 1910s, the Holy Ghost parish was able to pay off their initial debt by 1915 and focus on fundraising for a church building. Holy Ghost Catholic Church was completed in 1917, and the original combination building was remodeled for use only as a school. This provided eight additional classrooms on the upper stories, a necessity with the full development of the neighborhood. Holy Ghost School was also key in the education of the young residents of this section of Dubuque, evolving per trends in education through the 1920s and 1930s. Through these decades, Holy Ghost parish continued to be a prominent social institution in this area, working on social and economic problems created by the loss of industrial jobs and the Depression. In 1935, additional work on the interior and decoration for the church was completed, and the debt was fully paid by the anniversary celebration in December 1946. This date marks the end of the significance of the initial development of Holy Ghost, as 8 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State related to growth through the end of World War II. The four core buildings associated with this development are extant, and they are linked visually through their architecture and materials. The Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District is also significant under Criterion C as an excellent collection of well - designed and executed brick architecture. The school, church, and rectory have been evaluated and cited individually for their significant Revival style brick architecture. The convent reflects the brick architecture and details of these buildings and contributes to the architectural significance of the overall historic district. The architectural styles and use of red brick visually link these four key buildings. The original Holy Ghost School and Church building completed in 1896 exhibits features characteristic of the Romanesque Revival style, such as the characteristic round arches on the primary entries and third story windows, stone belt course, and hip roof with projected cross gables with parapets and corner pinnacles. The Holy Ghost Rectory built in 1898 is a well designed Late Gothic Revival building. The overall form and massing of the two -story brick building is excellent with pointed arches utilized for all openings on the main section of the building. Additional elements include trefoil and quatrefoil details, stone belt courses, and brick corbelling is under the eaves of the main roof and accenting the cross gable on the south. The design of the brick Sisters Convent of Holy Ghost built in 1903 is simpler than the earlier two buildings, though segmental arch windows with stone caps reflect the earlier two buildings. Holy Ghost Catholic Church built in 1917 introduced the Italian Renaissance Revival style to Dubuque for religious buildings. The church exhibits excellent features of this style reflecting early Roman architecture, including the overall cross layout with intersecting transept, one -story side aisle with a clerestory for along the nave, and symmetrical facade design with semi - circular arch details. Developmental history /additional historic context information As outlined in the Multiple Property Document Architectural and Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa (Jacobsen 2004), Dubuque had experienced growth and prosperity for over 50 years by the 1890s. The Roman Catholic faith was strong in Dubuque, linked to both German and Irish immigrants. Consequently, St. Mary's Catholic Church (extant) and St. Patrick's Catholic Church (extant) were built in the 1860s within a few blocks near 15 Street for the Germans and Irish, respectively (In 2009, the parishes were combined and St. Mary's closed on May 25, 2010). In the 1870s, growth began to extend north of the core of the town, around Couler Avenue (later Central Avenue) and Eagle Point (later 22 Street), particularly for working class families. Couler Avenue extended north of 18 Street to the city limits along the east edge of a bluff, dating back to the 1840s as the main route north out of town (Figure 4). With rapid growth in this area, Sacred Heart parish was created from St. Mary's in 1879, located at Windsor and 22 Street. The growth of the parish was facilitated by the establishment in the early 1880s of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad shops near Garfield (extension of 20 Street) and Windsor, a few blocks east of the church property (Jacobsen 2004: E- 67, E -71, E -81; Hoffman 1938: 305, 307). Young German Catholic immigrant families settled in this area around 22 Street, working at the railroad shops and other nearby businesses. These families attended Sacred Heart Catholic Church. The initial combination church /school building (demolished) was quickly filled, and a large brick church was constructed in 1887 -88 with a seating capacity of 1,050 (extant). The parish also built a rectory (extant) and a convent (demolished). Marquette Hall was built for additional classrooms and meeting space in 1891 (replaced by 1915 school (extant)). With the industrial development in the northern Couler Valley, particularly the establishment and construction of the large Dubuque Malting & Brewing Company at Jackson and 30 Street in 1894, families began to construct houses to the north. An early brewery, Adam Glab's Northern Brewery, also operated a few blocks west at Couler Avenue and 30 Street. Growth into this northern fringe of Dubuque was facilitated by the establishment of a street car line along Couler Avenue in this period as well (Hoffman 1938: 307; Auge 1990: 2; Jacobsen 2004: E -81, E -104). 9 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State With the rapid development of the area around 22 Street and to the north, a new parish, Holy Ghost, was formed in 1895. Sacred Heart's large new church was already becoming over crowded, and the Chicago Great Western Railroad had announced that they intended to build railroad shops in this area, which would further spur the growth of the northern portion of Dubuque along Couler (Central) Avenue in this valley at the foot of the bluffs. Archbishop John Hennessy announced the creation of Holy Ghost parish from the northern portions of Sacred Heart in March 1895. The boundary extended from north of Sacred Heart about four miles north into the country. Father F.X. Feuerstein from Cascade was called for the new parish and charged with planning the construction of a new church and school, anticipated to begin in one year. The announcement noted that though the neighborhood was currently on the northern edge of the settled portions of Dubuque, it would develop rapidly over the next 10 to 15 years ( "New Catholic Church," Dubuque Herald, March 23, 1895, 8). Holy Ghost parish was created "by dividing Sacred Heart Parish which had grown to such proportions that it was no longer possible to accommodate the parishioners in the church and school buildings and to give adequate care to the ever increasing number of souls" ( "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 33). With a strong German component in this area, early financial support was found from within the Sacred Heart and St. Mary's parishes for the construction of a combination church, school, and convent building. A site for the new building was selected at. the foot of the bluff on west side of Couler (Central) Avenue between 29 and 30 streets. The parish bought a parcel with a small frame house from Christina Suels for $7,500 and later bought the lot to the south from Herman Kolbe and wife for $1,700 (Figure 5). Two years later, the parish bought the lot to the north (future church site) for $3,600 from Albert Wolter. Father Feuerstein moved into the house and continued to live here until a rectory was built. He hired Dubuque architect Martin Heer to design the new building ( "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness -- Installation Number, May 1930, 33; Auge 1990: 5, 7). Martin Heer was born in Germany in 1847 and immigrated to the United States in 1881, likely with wife Anna, per the 1900 census. He worked as an architect in Dubuque by 1884, and he partnered with Guido Beck from 1889 to 1895. Their ad in 1895 advertised designs for churches, schools, court houses, and residences, with "churches a specialty." Both architects then practiced on their own in Dubuque into the 20 century, and both continued to specialize in churches. Martin Heer was listed as an architect through the 1911 city directory at 1301 Clay, apparently returning to Germany the following year and dying there around 1915 (Shank 1999: 82; United States Census Bureau, City directories). Thus, this commission for Holy Ghost Church and School apparently occurred immediately after the partners went independent. Martin Heer would design the subsequent rectory and convent for Holy Ghost in 1898 and 1903, with Guido Beck then designing the church in 1916. Construction of the brick combination church and school spanned several months in 1896, generally following the original plans of Martin Heer. Notice of a building permit for $12,000 appears in the newspaper on May 24, 1896. Xavier Rettenmeier served as the general contractor, supervising the construction (Auge 1990: 7). With the foundation complete, the cornerstone reading "Holy Ghost School and Church 1896" was laid on June 7, 1896. The ceremonial parade from city hall to the site on Couler Avenue started at 3:00 p.m. with the ceremony at the building led by Archbishop Hennessy at 4:00. The First Regiment band and Dubuque city band provided music, and all Catholic societies and parishes participated. Among other speakers, Father Boeding of St. Mary's spoke on the significance of ceremony and obligation of Catholic parents to send children to schools of church ( "To Lay the Stone," Dubuque Herald, June 7, 1896, 5; "Holy Ghost Church," Dubuque Daily Herald, June 9, 1896, 8). On October 21, 1896, the Dubuque Daily Herald announced that the church was nearing completion. The building would have a chapel in basement, school on first story, and church on second story (Dubuque Daily Herald, October 21, 1896, 5). On December 20, 1896, Holy Ghost School and Church was dedicated, with services cancelled at St. Mary's and Sacred Heart so all members might attend. Consecration of the new building was led by Archbishop Hennessy ( "Holy Ghost Church Dedication," Dubuque Herald, December 20, 1896, 8). The three -story brick Romanesque Revival building was designed with a basement, first story, and double - height second /third story levels (Figures 6 -11). The 90 by 54 foot building was designed to be converted into a solely school building in the future. The north half of the basement was used as a winter chapel for about 10 10 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State years, later used as a society hall. The southwest rooms in the basement and on the first story (both 24 by 34) were used as living quarters for the four Sisters of St. Francis that taught at the school, with the kitchen and dining room within the basement room. The southeast basement room (24 by 34) was used as classroom. The remaining three large rooms on first story started as and remained as classrooms. The one set of central stairs only accessed this level, with stairs to the second story located on the south end of the building. The second and third stories were combined for large double- height auditorium measuring 50 by 90 with a 32 foot ceiling. This space served as the church until 1917 and had a seating capacity of around 600. The space was frescoed by Alphons Brielmeier, the church decorator from Milwaukee who had decorated Sacred Heart. The pews and confessionals were from Dubuque Altar Company, and most other features produced and bought in Dubuque as well. The final cost was around $20,000, including the building, two hot air furnaces, church furnishings, altars, pews, confessionals, bell, vestments, sacred vessels, organ, school furniture, desks, maps, blackboards, etc. ( "Holy Ghost Church," Dubuque Daily Herald, December 22, 1896, 4; "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 33; "Impressive Ceremony to Mark Laying Cornerstone of Holy Ghost Church Today," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, September 3, 1916, 6). The Holy Ghost School and Church exhibits the Romanesque Revival style of the Late Victorian period. Some of these elements overlap with the Late Gothic Revival style, which may have also provided some influence. The medieval Romanesque style provided inspiration for architects starting in the 1840s as a "round- arch" alternative to Gothic Revival. The original Romanesque style developed across western Europe from 1000 to 1200 as the principles of imperial Roman vaulted architecture were merged with local traditions, particularly German under Charlemagne. The style was associated with European monasteries, churches, and fortified castles of the Middle Ages and appreciated for its picturesque qualities. The Romanesque Revival first started in Munich, Germany around 1830, where it was called the Rundbogenstil (round- arched style). In the 1850s and 1860s, it surpassed the Gothic Revival as the favored architectural style for Christian worship in the United States. While utilized for a variety of types of buildings, church groups view the Romanesque styles as "less ostentatious...more republican" than the Gothic Revival, according to Robert Dale Owen in his 1849 publication, Hints on Public Architecture. Though it sometimes had French or Italian influences, the prevailing character was Germanic, severe, and symmetrical. Details were utilized as picturesque novelties, sometimes including the pointed -arch openings and spires associated with the Gothic Revival style. German immigrant architects were often familiar with the style. High Victorian buildings often utilized Romanesque Revival motifs. By the turn of the 20 century, interest in the Romanesque style faded with the shift to academic Classical and Gothic Revival styles ( "The Romanesque Revival," Common Bond, New York Landmarks Conservancy, May 1997, online at www.sacredplaces.org/ free_articles.htm; Whiffen 1985: 61 -63). Several features characteristic of the Romanesque Revival style are exhibited on the Holy Ghost School and Church building completed in 1896. The semi - circular arch for window and door openings, as well as for wall details, defines the Romanesque Revival style. Belt courses, arcaded corbels, and compound arches are also found. Facades often have gable roofs with towers or parapets and occasionally spires of Gothic origin. Broad, smooth wall surfaces of monochromatic brick or masonry laid with thin mortar joints were favored for this style ( "The Romanesque Revival," Common Bond, New York Landmarks Conservancy, May 1997, online at www.sacredplaces.org/ free_articles.htm). The school /church building exhibits the characteristic round arches on the primary entries and third story windows. The windows of the second story, connected by joint interior space to the third story, provide the base for these arch windows. The segmental arches of the first story windows are accented with stone arch details, similar to the third story. Stone belt courses create horizontal division of the stories. The hip roof has projected cross gables with parapets and corner pinnacles. These features and the original spire (later removed) introduce some Gothic Revival elements, not uncommon in Romanesque Revival architecture. The Holy Ghost parish had around 100 families, transferred from the Sacred Heart parish, when the combination school /church /convent building was complete in 1896. The school opened on January 4, 1897 with 102 students and four Sisters of St. Francis of the Holy Family serving as teachers in the four classrooms within the building. Pew rental was a source of income for each parish in this period, with the new Holy Ghost 11 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State church collecting six month rents of $8 for middle pews and $6 for side pews in January (Hoffman 1938: 423; Auge 1990: 7; "Pew Rentals," Dubuque Daily Herald, January 5, 1897, 8). Holy Ghost was predominantly a working class, German parish over its first decades, though some Irish residents of this area also attended. Priests at Holy Ghost were required to know German, as some parishioners only spoke German. However, it was not a national German parish, in that it did not provide a service conducted in German. In the school, German was taught to all students. Most families were working or middle class families, with few wealthy parishioners in this area. In this developing residential area, many young families from rural areas and young immigrant families settled here to raise their families. Thus, the parish was a young parish with significantly more baptisms than funerals throughout its early years (Auge 1990: 3 -4). Plans for and construction on the two -story brick rectory to the north of the school- church building began immediately after the completion of the first building. The original frame house on the lot was sold to E. Hemmi and moved to corner of 29 and White (still standing here in 1930). Martin Heer designed the new parsonage, and John Millerleily was awarded the contract for construction. Announcement that Father Feuerstein was building a new pastorate appeared in the Dubuque Daily Herald on September 13, 1898, and the cornerstone laid reads "Holy Ghost Rectory 1898." The final costs of the building were around $6,000, including plumbing and heating ( "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 33;; Dubuque Daily Herald, September 13, 1898, 5; "Impressive Ceremony to Mark Laying Cornerstone of Holy Ghost Church Today," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, September 3, 1916, 6; Hoffman 1938: 423; Auge 1990: 9). Construction of the initial Holy Ghost buildings occurred within a period from 1894 to 1910 that the "Archdiocese of Dubuque completed its municipal system of parish churches, a parochial school systems, and inaugurated a massive building program that produced or enlarged a broad range of educational and church institutions" (Jacobsen 2004: E -115) The Holy Ghost Rectory exhibits elements of the Late Gothic Revival style, which was becoming popular around the turn of the century. More academic interpretations of the Classical and Gothic Revival styles returned in this period, with Gothic Revival again seeing a resurgence in popularity after its earlier 19 century success. The Gothic Revival had three major phases between 1830 and 1940, with the Late Gothic Revival beginning in the middle of the 1890s. Churches were the most common structures to be built in Late Gothic Revival style, though the use of the style for educational and college buildings led to the designation of "Collegiate Gothic" in this period as well. The pointed arch is the defining characteristic of the Late Gothic Revival style. Other features include window tracery, trefoils or quatrefoils, leaded glass, battlements, and pinnacles. The overall mass, proportions, and composition were carefully designed and executed. The Late Gothic Revival style peaked in the early 20 century. Late Gothic Revival buildings are noted as well designed, expertly built structures of this period that stand on their own as masterpieces of the adaptation of Gothic forms and principles to the needs of American institutions (Kim Lovejoy. "The Late Gothic Revival," Common Bond, New York Landmarks Conservancy, June 1998, Vol. 12, No. 1, online at www. sacredplaces .org /free_articles.htm; Whiffen 1985: 173 -177). The Holy Ghost Rectory falls into this category of well- designed Late Gothic Revival buildings. The overall form and massing of the two -story brick building is excellent. Pointed arches are utilized for all openings on the main section of the building. The first story windows on the east (front), including the side bay, have pointed arch stone caps with shoulders and a small trefoil detail at the point. The side windows provide a similar detail in brick with a projected edge. Trefoil and quatrefoil details are found within the pointed arch of the window on the first story windows. Stone belt courses provide horizontal elements at the level of the first story and second story windows. Finally, brick corbelling is found under the eaves of the main roof and accenting the cross gable on the secondary facade (south). As the initial two buildings for Holy Ghost parish were completed, the neighborhood to the northeast and southeast began to fill in with residential and commercial buildings. Couler (Central) Avenue continued to develop as a corridor with scattered commercial buildings on every block. By 1899, the Couler Valley was served by two north /south lines north of 14th Street along Couler (Central) and Jackson, with the lines connected at 32 Street. The Couler Avenue line then continued north to Nutmeg Raceway, Stewart/Union 12 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State Park and other attractions (Map of Dubuque Showing Circulation of "The Telegraph," The Telegraph's Dubuque City Directory 1899-1900, Keokuk: W. H. McCoy, 1899; Jacobsen 2004: E- 105 -106). Street car lines were key in development during Dubuque's "Golden Age" of growth and maturity from 1894 to 1910: Streetcars directly facilitated the final infilling of the Couler Valley and Rhomberg areas in the pre -World War I years. It is more than likely that the several large satellite industrial that which located in both areas were made possible by the combined services of streetcars and railroads. There is architectural and historical evidence that in Dubuque, living immediately adjacent to a car line was a definite advantage. Builder Chris Voelker in particular constructed his moderate -cost houses along streetcar lines. Couler Avenue (now Central) experienced sustained mixed commercial, industrial (breweries, greenhouse, brickyards) and residential growth due to the presence of double -track car lines along its entire length. (Jacobsen 2004: E -105) In 1900, a branch of the German American Savings Bank opened at 1842 Central. A streetcar barn built in 1904 at 2401 Central is directly linked to this street car influence on development. The earlier industries in this northern part of Dubuque continued to prosper and employ a large number of workers. However, the growth of Holy Ghost parish did not meet the initial expectations in the first decade. The Chicago Great Western Railroad did not build their shops in the area as announced and projected, eliminating the potential boom of the addition of this large employer. While the congregation grew to 200 families, the working class nature of the area prevented large donations to assist with reducing the debt. When Father Feuerstein was transferred to LeMars in March 1901, the parish bore a debt of $34,800 — nearly 90% of the initial acquisition and construction costs for the two buildings. Father Arnold Boeding began at Holy Ghost in 1901 with a focus of reducing debt and expanding the parish base. A key factor in the growth of the parish had been the resistance of residents to switch from Sacred Heart to Holy Ghost. In 1901, a number of families within Holy Ghost parish boundaries continued to attend Sacred Heart. This problem is noted in later church histories as well as appearing in a newspaper notice ( "Impressive Ceremony to Mark Laying Cornerstone of Holy Ghost Church Today," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, September 3, 1916, 6; "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 33). On July 20, 1902, the Dubuque Telegraph - Herald published a note that "Members of the Sacred Heart parish were notified recently by Rev. Father Baumann, the pastor, that all those persons who have been in the habit of attending the Sacred Heart church while they belonged to the Holy Ghost congregation would be expected to attend the latter. The parish line is set at the Union Electric street car barn. All persons living north of this line are expected to attend the Holy Ghost church" (Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, July 20, 1902, 7). Father Boeding saw the growth within the school with the growing residential area in the Holy Ghost parish and the resulting need for additional classrooms and more adequate space for the Sisters who taught in the school. He began a fundraising campaign for a new convent building in 1901 that continued with the increase in attendance in 1902. The church held a fair in fall 1902 to help raise money for the project and reduce the overall debt on the parish (Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, October 10, 1 902, 2; "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 33; Auge 1990: 9). Residential growth continued in this area of Dubuque as well, increasing the population base of the parish. In 1902, 75 houses were built in the Fifth Ward, compared to 25 -50 in each of the other wards. During 1903, despite poor conditions: There wasn't a time during the season when mechanics were out of work. On the contrary, contractors were short of men, and it was one of the most prosperous in these lines the city has had. If ocular evidence is wanted, one has only to take a trip over the city. Take, for instance, in the vicinity of the Malting company's brewery, where there were solid blocks of open lots six years ago there are today rows of residences and within the last five years hundreds of residences have gone up on the hills. (Enterprise, November 21, 1903 from Jacobsen 2004: E -101) This development with hundreds of houses was located within the Holy Ghost parish. The need for an additional building was pressing by 1903 as the growth of the Holy Ghost parish mirrored the growth of the residential neighborhood. The school had grown from 102 students when it opened in 1897 to 218 students within the same four classrooms. The old frame building to the southwest of the school (later 13 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State converted for a garage) was utilized for some overflow as well as sleeping quarters for the additional Sisters who were teaching. Fundraising within and outside the parish resulted in some large donations, including $2,900 from Mr. and Mrs. Engelhardt Hemmi and $2,800 from Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wildhaber of St. Mary's (others also recognized by inclusion on a plaque written in German inside the front door of the convent). The Heim family donated the brick for the convent. Martin Heer was again hired as architect to design a convent to alleviate the crowding in the school and provide a more suitable home for the Sisters. The total costs were $10,105.51, including the residence, school toilet rooms, heating, and plumbing. The cornerstone reads "1903 — Sisters Convent of the Holy Ghost congregation" (Figure 12). While the convent provided quarters for the Sisters, it also provided additional classroom space. Three of the rooms were used for school purposes, with additional space in the vacated rooms in the original school /church building ( "Impressive Ceremony to Mark Laying Cornerstone of Holy Ghost Church Today," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, September 3, 1916, 6; "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 33; Hoffman 1938: 423; Holy Ghost School 1962: 2). The design of the two -story brick convent was simpler than the earlier two buildings. The segmental brick arch openings and carved wood detail were common on Queen Anne and Victorian vernacular houses of the period, though the front brick cross gable reflected the Gothic Revival influence on the original and adjacent school /church building. Stone arch caps were added above the segmental arch brick lintels on the east (front), a simpler yet reflective detail of the window treatments on the front of the rectory. The simple architecture may have been chosen to properly reflect the use of the building as a convent. While the 1911 history of Dubuque County lists the Holy Ghost convent as one of the works of contractors C. Burdt & Son (Christian and Frederick), the 1930 parish history lists the Kutsch Brothers (Joseph and Charles) with the primary contract for the convent. Both firms were prominent contracting firms, and both families were German and Catholic ( "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 33; Goodspeed 1911, Vol. 2: 504, 846). It is possible that while the Kutsch Brothers was awarded the contract for the construction, C. Burdt & Son may also have completed some of the work. The two large rooms at the rear of the first story appear to have been originally designed as classrooms, with the third classroom likely in one of the two front rooms. The other front room on the first story was likely the chapel or parlor, with bedrooms then contained to the second story. The final report for 1903 listed an estimated $45,600 in property for the Holy Ghost parish. The parish had grown to 221 families and a total of 953 parishioners. The school consisted of 230 students, five teachers, and a principal. With fundraising efforts for the new convent and to reduce the overall debt, the parish debt was reduced to $20,000 by the time that Father Boeding was transferred from Holy Ghost to Sacred Heart in October 1905. Thus, more than half of the construction expenditures for the initial three buildings had been paid, compared to a rough ten percent only four years earlier. Father William Weirich arrived at Holy Ghost, and he would serve here until his death in 1931. With continued efforts to reduce the debt, the entire parish debt would be paid off over the next ten years so that the construction of a church could be envisioned. Maintenance and minor improvements to the buildings continued through this period. For example, in 1908 the original furnaces of the school /church building were replaced by a boiler and radiators for steam heat. The lot (60 by 250) south of the convent was also purchased in this period (Auge 1990: 9, 11; Hoffman 1938: 423; "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 33). The 1909 Sanborn fire insurance map shows the development of the Holy Ghost property over the initial 15 years (Figure 13). The initial 1896 combination building is noted as Holy Ghost Roman Catholic Church and School in the center of the property at the northwest corner of Couler (Central) Avenue and 31 (29 Street. The first story served as the school with the church on the second story. The two -story parsonage was located on the lot to the north, and the Sisters Convent of the Holy Ghost Congregation was located on the lot to the south, across the extension of 31 (29 Street that provided a drive into the property. Three one -story buildings were located behind the convent, including one labeled as outhouse. The growth of Holy Ghost through this period mirrors the growth of the surrounding neighborhood in the northern portion of Dubuque. With industrial development along the railroad tracks through this area and 14 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State residential neighborhoods connected to downtown with streetcar lines, this section of Dubuque continued to develop through the first decades of the 20 century. Additional growth in the northeast part of the Sacred Heart parish resulted in a second division and the creation of the Holy Trinity parish with about 80 families in 1910. Their church building completed in 1911 also included school rooms (1700 Lincoln, extant). A dedicated school was later built in 1929 (extant) ( "History of Holy Trinity Parish, Dubuque," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 33). The northwest section around Holy Ghost parish grew rapidly in the early 1910s with the construction of the massive Brunswick -Balke Collender Company, producer of phonograph players, at 3400 Jackson, about four blocks north of Dubuque Malting and Brewing Company. The $500,000 plant accounted for one -third of the city's construction in 1911. Between 1912 and 1914 the Telegraph - Herald estimated that a million dollars had been spent building new homes in the city, mostly in response to the arrival of the Brunswick - Balke - Collender Company with several hundred new jobs (Jacobsen 2004: E -118). In 1911, Holy Ghost parish consisted of 350 families and more than 1,000 parishioners. In addition to general growth, the influx of skilled Polish workers for the plant into the neighborhood altered the ethnic composition of the Holy Ghost parish. While Germans continued to be predominant through the 1910s, the significant increase in Polish parishioners is attributed to the impact of this business. By 1915, the Holy Ghost parish grew to around 500 families. The parish report for 1916 noted 150 Germans and 50 Polish among the non - English speaking parishioners (Auge 1990: 4, 5, 13). A photograph showing Christmas decoration in the church around 1914 shows the double- height interior space on the second and third stories of the original building (Figure 14) With the parish reaching five times its original size from 20 years previous and debt on previous construction finally paid in full, Holy Ghost parishioners looked to the construction of a building dedicated solely to the function of a church. Fundraising in 1915 raised $15,000 of the projected $75,000 in costs, and the parish again borrowed money to finance their expansion ( "Impressive Ceremony to Mark Laying Cornerstone of Holy Ghost Church Today," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, September 3, 1916, 6; Auge 1990: 13). While Martin Heer had designed the previous three buildings, he had returned to Germany by this time. His early partner, Guido Beck, who had become a successful and well -known church architect, was hired to design the church. Beck was born in Germany and immigrated to the United States in 1882. After working as a stone mason at the Rock Island Arsenal, he moved to Dubuque in 1885. His solo practice in Dubuque spanned from the end of his partnership with Martin Heer around 1896 until 1927 (Shank 1999: 20; Goodspeed 1911, Vol. 2: 652). His 1911 biography notes: "As time went on he specialized in the building of beautiful church edifices, and, since 1885, when he came to Dubuque, he has erected over one hundred of these institutions, varying in size from comparatively small ones to cathedrals (Goodspeed 1911, Vol. 2: 652). Per the Multiple Property Document Architectural and Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, Guido Beck was "one of Dubuque's most significant architects, one whose works were closely associated with emerging Catholic institutions in the city" (Jacobsen 2004: E -228). Construction of Holy Ghost Church spanned over a year from 1916 to 1917. Ground was broken for the church on April 6, 1916 with work beginning on the foundation and bell tower. Plans for the church were announced in the Dubuque Telegraph - Herald on July 16, 1916, complete with a sketch of the proposed design (Figure 15). By this time, the foundation was about two - thirds complete and the bell tower up about 35 feet. The church "will be one of the conspicuous ornaments of Couler Avenue" at a cost of around $75,000. Construction would result in more space for worship as well as permit remodeling of the old building to better serve the large school body. The Telegraph- Herald noted: The new church will be unique in Dubuque and in Iowa for its style of architecture. It will be built on the Italian Basilica style with a transept and clear story. This style is old in the history of the world, but new in this part of the country. Mr. Guido Beck, the well -known architect, Eighth and Main streets, this city, who has designed more than two hundred churches, is the architect and superintendent of the new edifice. He took special pains in drawing up the plans and is taking much care in seeing that they are well executed. ( "Holy Ghost Parish Soon to Have Magnificent House of Worship," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, July 16, 1916, section 2, page 1). Windows would initially be rubbed storm glass, which would later be replaced by stained glass windows. The interior of the dark red brick church was to be finished in plain red oak. The main floor would be hard maple, with the sanctuary and sacristies laid in red oak. The church roughly measured 168 by 56 feet with 15 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State the transept of 96 by 40 feet. The rear corner tower by 17 by 17 feet and rose to a height of 136 feet. The main level had a seating capacity of 810. Soundproofing in the floor separated noise from the church from the auditorium in the basement. The lower auditorium had a 36 by 40 foot stage at the west end of the 110 by 56 foot auditorium with 12 foot ceilings. It had a seating capacity of around 700 ( "Holy Ghost Parish Soon to Have Magnificent House of Worship," Dubuque Telegraph- Herald, July 16, 1916, section 2, page 1). Many details on the construction were included in the lengthy article. The low bidder for the contract was Albert Ney, who had a long career as contractor and builder. The foundation footings were concrete, and the stone for the foundation was acquired from the Becker quarry on Kaufmann Avenue with the stone work by veteran stone mason James Saul. Dark red brick for the church was from the Heim Brick company, four blocks from the church. McEvoy Brothers were brick masons for the project, laying brick with black lime and cement mortar with grooved joints. Work on the tower had begun earlier, and it was noted as excellent quality thus far. George Schulte, known for neatness and exactness, furnished the Bedford blue stone trimmings. The German style dark red tile roof was from the Ludowici- Celadon Company. The young Geisler Brothers completed the steel ceiling, cornice, and roof work. Interior plastering and stucco was done by a Mr. Rapp, with painting and varnishing completed by John Juergens. Linehan & Molo installed the heating, plumbing, and vacuum cleaning services. Finally, the Lowe - Schmidt Company installed the electric wiring ( "Holy Ghost Parish Soon to Have Magnificent House of Worship," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, July 16, 1916, section 2, page 1; "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 35). Many of these architectural and construction details were reprinted at the time that the cornerstone was laid on September 3, 1916 and Holy Ghost Church was dedicated on July 4, 1917. By the day of the cornerstone ceremony, the foundation of the church was complete, as well as the bell tower (Figures 16 -17). The cornerstone was laid with a ceremony at 3:00 p.m. following a grand parade and procession to the church. The parade started near St. Raphael's Cathedral and proceeded the 26 blocks north through the city with the archbishop, clergy, eight Catholic parishes, Catholic societies, military band, and city police participating. The parishioners marched in order - Holy Ghost, then St. Raphael's, St. Mary's, St. Patrick's, Sacred Heart, St. Columbkill's, St. Anthony's, and finally Holy Trinity. The ceremony on site was noted to be simple, dignified, and "exactly the same as followed in the first century during the time of the first popes." The small metal box in the cornerstone contained current coins and metals, a historical record of the ceremony on parchment, and a copy of the day's Telegraph Herald in glass tube to preserve the record of the church construction for future generations ( "Impressive Ceremony to Mark Laying Cornerstone of Holy Ghost Church Today," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, September 3, 1916, 6). Construction continued over the winter and into spring 1917. Dedication of the church was held on July 4, 1917, with the grounds decorated in flags and national colors (Figure 18). The 9:00 a.m. blessing was followed by high mass in the new church. The interior of the church was finished in white that lent a richness to the interior, and the large church was filled to capacity for the service. The celebration continued throughout the day at the church, with food available in the basement as well as from booths throughout the grounds and music and entertainment also provided ( "New Holy Ghost Church Dedicated," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, July 5, 1917, 8). The style of Holy Ghost Church was noted at the time as "Italian Basilica," cited from 1916 to 1930 as "old in the history of the world, but new in this part of the country" ( "History of the Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque, Iowa," The Witness — Installation Number, May 1930, 35). The Italian Renaissance style experienced a revival in the early 20 century, though Late Gothic Revival was widely utilized in religious architecture through this period. Renaissance Revival was generally applied for large civic or public projects, with fewer applications to churches. However, the style reflected the Italian Renaissance period from 15 and 16 centuries, which included several large and noteworthy churches. In this period, architects beginning with Filippo Brunelleschi drew on the virtues of early Roman architecture with the preciseness of measurements and proportions. Plans were typically based on a square grid and symmetrical with proportions based on the wide of an aisle. The overall form was a cross, with the main space intersected with the transept. Facades were symmetrical, with church elevations were organized by pilasters, semi - circular arches, entablatures, and pediments. Doors were centrally located with regular repetition of window openings on each story. Windows were often paired and located within a semi - circular arch. Pilasters or columns reflected Roman orders such as Doric, Ionic, and 16 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State Corinthian. Vaults and domes were also utilized, and ceilings were painted or decorated. The clerestory (pronounced clearstory) denoted the center portion of the wall with windows rising above the rooflines of the lower side aisles. This feature was also found on Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival churches of this period (Whiffin 1985: 154 -158; Fletcher 1996: 805 -815). The architecture of Holy Ghost Church reflects these early Roman traditions reinterpreted in the Italian Renaissance in the 15 century and revived in the early 20 century. The overall plan reflects the cross form with the transept intersecting the main space of the nave and altar. One -story side aisles flank the two -story nave creating a clerestory with high windows. The far end of the altar section is semi - circular in plan, and this section is also flanked by one -story sections used for preparations. The overall design of the facade and sides of the church is symmetrical. The central main double -door entry is set within the semi- circular arch opening with a pediment supported by Corinthian pilasters. Paired semi - circular windows set within a semi- circular opening flank either side. A stone semi - circular arch extends around the rose windows on the second story from the top of Corinthian pilasters on either side. Semi - circular arch windows are evenly spaced on both sides of the church, with the semi - circle emphasized with stone detailing. Brick pilasters divide the side elevations into regular bays. With the construction of the new church nearly complete, Guido Beck worked on plans to redesign and remodel the original 1896 combination building into solely a school. The student body had nearly tripled from 102 to 288 students over the last 20 years, and additional classroom space within a singular building was greatly desired. The church space spanning the second and third stories was remodeled into school rooms, with the floor for the third story added and the vaulted ceiling lowered to a typical height. The work expanded the estimated capacity of the school to 600 students (Hoffman 1938: 424; "Impressive Ceremony to Mark Laying Cornerstone of Holy Ghost Church Today," Dubuque Telegraph- Herald, September 3, 1916, 6). Four additional classrooms were created on each story, mirroring the first story layout (Figures 19 -21). The front (east) staircase was expanded to reach the upper stories, and a staircase was added at the west end of the main hall to access all the levels as well. The south side stairs were expanded from the second to new third story as well. The basement continued to be accessed from under the rear (west) entry. At this time, pressed metal ceilings with cove moldings appear to have been installed throughout the school, hall, and stairs. The cove molding on the third story clips the top of the arch window trim. Holy Ghost School continued to develop through the 1920s, reflecting both local and citywide changes in education. Of the 11,427 children attending school in 1916, only 3,152 attended public schools. While the parochial, particularly Catholic, school system was widely utilized, it was not formally established until 1922. This period saw changes throughout Dubuque with the emergence of a broader community wide parochial school system replacing church based schools. Catholic organizations also evolved in this period with a stronger focus on community betterment (Jacobsen 2004: E- 144 -E -145). The revenue for financial support of Holy Ghost also changed in this period. Previously, the parish was supported through pew rent, collections in services, and school tuition. A parish picnic was started in 1917 and became a major annual fundraiser. Starting in 1920, tuition was no longer reported as an income source. By 1924, offering collections in services exceed the amount of pew rent collected. Of the 2,200 parishioners in 1920, 200 Germans and 25 Polish were among the non - English speaking. Similar numbers are reported through 1928. With school enrollment up to 572 students in 1924, a full time music teacher was hired, and the music program was more fully developed (Auge 1990: 5, 13, 15; Holy Ghost School 1962: 2). Holy Ghost parish felt the impact of the local and national economic downturn at the end of the 1920s and through the 1930s. In Dubuque, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad moved its shops and the associated 600 jobs out of the city in the late 1920s. Employment at the nearby Brunswick - Blake - Collender Company plant dropped from 1,500 in the early 1920s to 700 by 1927. When it closed in 1929 due to competition from radios, the number of industrial jobs in Dubuque was reduced by ten percent. These changes significantly impacted the Holy Ghost parish at the start of the Depression, which then continued economic woes for the next decade. The Depression crippled the industrial base and left a quarter of the working population unemployed (Jacobsen 2004: E- 129 -E -130, F -296). The debt of Holy Ghost was reduced 17 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State to $34,750 by 1929, about half the cost of the 1917 church. Father Weirich died on August 16, 1931, and Father George Hauck took over the Holy Ghost parish. Throughout his time here from 1931 to 1938, Holy Ghost parish remained at around 2,800 parishioners. However, the income of the parish was significantly reduced. The parish worked to support itself and its parishioners through this period. For example, the Holy Ghost Credit Union was formed in 1935 to provide low interest loans to struggling parishioners, and it continued through the end of the 20 century (Auge 1990: 13, 24; Hoffman 1938: 424). In 1934, Dubuque was known as the "Rome of the West" as 55.5% of population was Catholic. The Catholic school system also continued to develop through this period (Jacobsen 2004: E -145). At Holy Ghost School, enrollment rose to 653 students in 1933. Additional classrooms were added, including one in the basement of the school, one in the basement of the convent, and one on the first story of the convent in a room that had been used as a chapel. The students were taught by 14 Sisters and one music teacher. In 1934, Father Hauck established Holy Ghost Junior High to mirror the junior high movement within the public school system. He worked with the public school system to insure that their credits would be recognized, and the grades were departmentalized. The junior high opened on the third story of the school in September 1934 with three additional Sisters hired as teachers. Thus, Holy Ghost School had six elementary and three junior high grades, with tuition charged for 9 grade. The school building was also improved with maintenance projects in this period (Holy Ghost School 1962: 2 -3; Driscoll 1967: 159; Hoffman 1938: 424; Auge 1990: 25). While Father George Hauck struggled with the economic conditions of the period, he also strove to finish the interior of Holy Ghost Church. The windows with ribbed storm glass had been installed nearly 20 years ago with the intent of replacing them with stained glass art windows when funds were available. Likewise, while other Catholic churches were finished on the interior with frescos and murals, the walls and ceilings of Holy Ghost remained unadorned. Thus, the decision was made to installed stained glass windows on the main level in 1935 as well as decorating the walls and ceilings. The stained glass windows were ordered from Europe and installed. Parish history does not note the company that produced the windows (Auge 1990: 25). Joseph Walter, who settled in Dubuque in 1897 from Austria, painted the walls and ceilings, including extensive murals. He was one of the first professional artists in Dubuque, working as a painter and muralist. He is estimated to have decorated around 185 Catholic churches in Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota before he retired in 1936. He was a member of the Holy Ghost parish in this period, and he also decorated the interiors of St. Mary's and St. Patrick's previously (Steve McMahon, "Works of artist Joseph Walter featured," The Witness, August 15, 2010; Auge 1990: 25). Photographs of these key four Holy Ghost buildings appeared in the 1938 history of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The original 1896 combination building, converted to full use as a school in 1917, is depicted with a similar appearance to its earlier years (Figure 22). The steeple remains on the center of the building. The rectory is depicted with front steps and an open side porch with round columns (Figure 23). Likewise, round columns are found on the front and side porches on the convent (Figures 24 -25). The apparent two- over -two- light double -hung windows appear to actually be divided light storm windows, which were also utilized on the school. Holy Ghost Church is depicted with its distinctive features as well, though it is unclear if the photograph was taken before or after the stained glass windows were installed (Figure 26). A later photograph of the interior shows the murals that were added to decorate the walls and ceilings (Figure 27). With these improvements, the Holy Ghost parish debt rose to $44,847 in 1938. Improved economic conditions and resumed growth in the parish through the early 1940s resulted in the debt paid off by the Golden Jubilee celebration in 1946 and a sense of closure for the initial full development of the Holy Ghost parish with a school, rectory, convent, and church. Student enrollment reached 662 students with 181 students in junior high in 1938. Father Hauck suddenly died in 1939, and Father John C. Wieneke arrived to lead the parish. The number of parishioners rose from around 2,800 in 1938 to 3,388 by December 1946. Increased enrollment in public schools reduced the school body to 552 students in 1946, with 18 teachers continuing at the school. Through the end of World War II, Holy Ghost continued to be a predominantly German parish, with dilution over the next 20 years with significant suburban development. The roofs on the four buildings were repaired in 1945, and the basement windows painted on the church. The Golden Jubilee celebration on 18 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State December 8, 1946 marked the development of Holy Ghost over its initial 50 years. Over the last year with strong post -war economic conditions, Holy Ghost had paid off its last $25,000 in debt, and the parish stood debt free for the first time since its formation (Hoffman 1938: 424; For a Web Begun 1955: 1; Auge 1990: 5, 24, 27, 29; Holy Ghost 1970: 1). The 1950 Sanborn map shows the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District at this peak of initial development with the four main buildings (Figure 28). Holy Ghost Roman Catholic Church is shown at the north end of the complex on lot 9, with center two -story and flanking one -story sections. The tower is depicted at the southwest corner, and the notes indicate that the interior was plastered. The rectory is denoted as a two -and- one- half -story dwelling to the south of the church on lot 8. The Holy Ghost Parochial School is now a three - story building with a basement. The central hall is indicated with a centered circle that may represent the steeple, though an overlaid small circle appears to be labeled "rain." The two -story Sisters Convent of the Holy Ghost Congregation is located at the south end of this complex. It has two small buildings behind it — one noted as a two -story garage and the second as a one -story shed. These auxiliary buildings were later demolished. Within the neighborhood, the brewery on the lots north of the church has been demolished, with two small stores located at the corner. The streets have also been renumbered, resulting in 29 Street ending in the complex and the renumbering of some addresses. Later 20th century development and evolution of Holy Ghost parish The Holy Ghost parish went through a transformation in the 1950s and 1960s that continued to mirror the development in Dubuque and redefined the entity for the second half of the 20 century. This strong association with the suburban development of Dubuque through the end of the 1960s may be reassessed with additional historic context developed for the 1950s and 1960s suburban development and as it becomes 50 years old. At that time, it may be appropriate to amend the boundaries to include this later period of significance and the associated construction. The following information provides a preliminary context for this period as well as context for the changes to the buildings within the nominated Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District. With suburban development beginning on the bluffs to the west of Holy Ghost in the late 1940s, the parish began to witness significant growth in the 1950s that exploded by the 1960s. Once again, this type of development attracted young families and a significant increase in enrollment in the school. In 1952, the junior high was discontinued with the need for the space for the lower grades. School enrollment reached 680, with 101 in kindergarten. The roof of the school was repaired at a cost of $5,000 in 1952 as well. With the death of Father Wienecke on March 6, 1954, Father Leo Jaeger arrived in April to lead Holy Ghost through this period of growth. In 1954, the kindergarten was discontinued due to a lack of space for this large grade within the school building. School enrollment in the remaining six grades reached 705. Two temporary classrooms were constructed in the church basement to accommodate additional students in the elementary school, and first grade was taught in two shifts. Additionally, the parish bought new desks and classroom equipment for three classrooms, renovated school bathrooms, installed a faculty restroom, and improved the school grounds. The rectory was also renovated in this year, with a permit on file for $1,500. The parish grew to 3,505 parishioners by 1954, and the school numbers reflect a large number of young families (Auge 1990: 30, 32; Building permits; For a Web Begun 1955: 1; Driscoll 1967: 159; Holy Ghost School 1962: 3; Holy Ghost 1970: 1). With the need for a new school apparent, the local architecture firm of Durrant and Bergquist designed the two -story modern brick school in 1955 to be located on the corner lot to the north of the church. Classroom space had overflowed into the church and convent, resulting in the Sisters sharing rooms. The fundraising brochure also noted that the old school lacked an assembly room, with the largest basement room only holding three classes. With the projected continued growth of the parish, a new building was a necessity. The parish raised part of the funds for the school, also contributing their share at the same time to the construction of Catholic Central (Wahlert) High School. A new convent was also contemplated with an initial design developed, but funds were not available. Construction of the new school began in May 1956. While the exterior was finished, only the interior of the first story was complete for the start of the 1957 -1958 school year, with a total cost of $375,000. The first story included 10 classrooms, administration and storage rooms, 19 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State and health facilities, dedicated on October 12, 1957. With the completion of the first story of this building, grades one through four were moved here, and grades five through eight were held in the old building. Additional free space in the old building was converted to a music department, complete with chorus rooms, studios, practice rooms, and two music teachers (For a Web Begun 1955: 2 -3; Holy Ghost School 1962: 4; Holy Ghost 1970: 1 -2; 75 Anniversary 1971: 3; Driscoll 1967: 159; Auge 1990: 34). With plans for a new convent discarded for the time and classroom space moved out of the convent once again, the 1903 convent was remodeled. In the July 10, 1956 bulletin, Archibishop Binz issued new standards for convents, and Holy Ghost Convent was renovated, enlarged, and re- equipped per these requirements. The extensive renovation totaled $61,440, with construction supervised by Norbert Freiburger. The work was started in June and finished in December 1956. It resulted in 21 private rooms and a new chapel for the convent (Holy Ghost 1970: 2; Auge 1990: 35; Holy Ghost School 1962: 3). It appears to have been at this time that the third story was expanded with the addition of the dormers on the side and rear. A need for additional playground space and athletic fields led to the acquisition of the Wolfer property adjacent to the Holy Ghost property on the bluff to the west in January 1959. The eight acres were cleared by parish members in April, and some lots were platted as Weirich Heights and sold to finance the acquisition and construction. Playgrounds and athletic fields were added, and the area was dedicated as Weirich Field in memory of the priest that had served from 1905 to 1931 (Holy Ghost School 1962: 4; Driscoll 1967: 160; Auge 1990: 35, 37; 75 Anniversary 1971: 4; Holy Ghost 1970: 2 -3). While Wahlert High School may have resulted in fewer funds available within the parish for construction in the middle of the 1950s, the completion in 1959 of this central, combined Catholic high school on Kane Street to the west of Holy Ghost on the bluff spurred additional residential development in this area and a significant increase again for Holy Ghost parish through the 1960s. This area was largely rural at the time, but the newly platted subdivisions quickly filled with homes for young families. As a result, school enrollment increased to 941 by fall 1960, including 150 students in first grade. With this growth, four classrooms on the second story of the new school, as well as a library, were completed at a cost of $37,000 for the start of the 1960 -1961 school year. The old school was improved in summer 1961 with repointing of the brick walls, replacement of gutters and downspouts, new aluminum doors, and new sidewalks and steps. The chimney of the church was also repointed and lined at this time, and the new hill playground was completed. School enrollment climbed to 1,004 students in September 1961. In summer 1962, the remainder of the second story of the new school building was completed at a cost of $60,000. The new school had 20 classrooms, with 19 in use at the start of the 1962 -1963 school year as enrollment reached 1,112 students. Only grades 7 and 8 remained in the old school building, with a music department on the third story. Two additional rooms were used for a library and for audiovisual equipment. The staff had grown to 16 grade teachers, two music teachers, one principal, eight lay teachers, eight seminarians (teaching religion), and two priests (teaching religion). Music instruction was provided in voice, piano, pipe organ, string and wind instruments. To clarify the buildings, the old school was renamed the Upper Grade Building and new building referred to as the Lower Grade Building (Driscoll 1967: 159; Holy Ghost School 1962: 3 -5; Holy Ghost 1970: 3; Auge 1990: 35) Work was also completed on the church, convent, rectory, and grounds from 1962 to 1965. Tithing was adopted within Holy Ghost in October 1962, with no other offerings collected. Exterior work on the church from July to October 1962 included repainting, new gutters on the upper roof, new valleys, new downspouts, new stainless steel crosses, window repair and resetting as needed, ventilators installed in first story windows, new concrete sidewalks laid around church and rectory, new stone banisters on three steps in front of the church, heating elements added to the upper gutters and downspouts, new kneeler pads in pews, front interior steps repaired and new steel handrails added, and other exterior handrails repaired. New electric lines were run to the parish buildings, and the old school was rewired. In 1965, the nave floor was refinished in the church, pews cleaned and varnished, memorial stained glass windows installed in lower level of nave, wood in entries refinished, aisles carpeted, and new restrooms completed in the basement. The interior of the church and decoration were also modernized, in accordance with the Vatican II renewal. At this time, the majority of the murals were painted over. The roof on the rectory was replaced, aluminum combination storm /screen 20 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State windows installed, and a new concrete floor laid for the side porch. Interior work included enlarging the guest room, creating quarters for a future third assistant, and replacing wiring and plumbing. The brick walls of the convent were repointed, aluminum storm /screen windows installed, and the interior walls of the second story refinished. Additionally, a stone retaining wall was built along the west edge of the grounds, and the parking area was blacktopped. Construction of a new brick garage behind the rectory spanned from 1965 to 1966. Plumbing, heating, and electrical was run from the rectory to the garage. With its completion, the old garage and frame building behind the convent were demolished, and the area was blacktopped (Holy Ghost 1970: 3- 4; 75 Anniversary 1971: 5). With the new school building filled and the parish continuing to grow to 1,350 families in 1966, an addition was planned for the original school building. The 1,219 students enrolled for the 1966 -1967 school year made Holy Ghost the largest elementary school in the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The local architecture firm of Durrant, Deininger, Dommer, Kramer, and Gordon (DDDKB) designed the new addition and remodeling of the original building. The two -story rear addition connected to the central rear stairs on the west side of the building (Figures 29 -33). The new addition included a new boiler room in the basement, new restrooms, lounges, principal's office, library, and storage. Work in the old building included new wiring, fixtures, fire alarms, intercom system, t.v. conduits, floor surfacing, and fire escape. The basement was also remodeled for school purposes. A building permit for $107,180 was issued for the addition on June 20, 1966, and this work was completed in 1967. The roof on the 1957 school building was also determined to be faulty and replaced in 1967. Enrollment climbed to 1,250 students for the 1967 -68, nearly triple the enrollment in 1954. Holy Ghost School was then noted as the largest elementary school in Iowa. The number of overall parishioners in Holy Ghost grew to 6,354 in 1968, an increase of about 80% from the 3,505 reported in 1954. Busing service began in 1968 as well (Holy Ghost 1970: 5; Building permits; Driscoll 1967: 158, 160; Auge 1990: 32, 34, 42). The Holy Ghost parish was experiencing its peak in growth and development at the time of its 75 anniversary celebration on June 13, 1971, with growth unforeseen at the 50 anniversary celebration only 25 years previous. The parish had 6,222 members, 1,330 families, 1,010 students, 29 teachers, and 39 teacher aides. The celebration began at the parish grounds and continued at the Dubuque County Fairgrounds. The photographs included in the anniversary program highlighted the construction and improvements to the parish over the last 15 years. The 1967 addition to the original school building is depicted, and the photograph shows that the steeple has been removed by this date, likely with the remodeling of the original building (Figure 34). The modern school began in 1956 and fully completed in 1962 is depicted in its original design (Figure 35). The new garage built in 1966 behind the rectory is included (Figure 36). The third story remodeling and dormer additions appear on the photograph of the convent, likely dating to the 1956 improvements to meet requirements for convents (Figure 37). Finally, the interior modernization and remodeling of the church 1965 is pictured (Figure 38) ( "Holy Ghost celebrates 75 years," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, June 13, 1971, 17; 75 Anniversary 1971: 6). The 1956 USGS topographic map revised in 1972 depicts the development on the bluffs to the west resulting in much of this.development (Figure 39). The suburban boom for Holy Ghost parish began to subside in the 1970s and school enrollment began to decline. On May 11, 1975, the new (1957 -62) school was rededicated as Jaeger School to honor the service of Father Leo Jaeger since 1954. By 1977, enrollment had dropped to 677 students, about half the peak of 10 years previous. With Father Jaeger's retirement in 1976, Father Thomas Keating stepped into his position at Holy Ghost. Father Keating led the drive to build a recreational center to be used by the school and church. Plans in the 1960s for future expansion of the school included a gymnasium, but they had never been developed. The basement of the church provided some indoor recreation space. Keating Center was built as an addition on the northeast corner of the school, and it was dedicated in memory of Father Keating, who died in 1979. It appears in an aerial photograph of the property from the 1980s (Figure 40). Jaeger School was renovated in 1986, with some windows removed and insulated panels installed in the openings. In July 1989, the debt of the parish was again paid off completely, the first time since the start of the fundraising in 1954 for the new school. School enrollment continued to decline gradually, reaching 469 students in 1989 (Holy Ghost School 1962: 3; Auge 1990: 39, 56, 59 -60, 71; Building permits). 21 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State Miscellaneous projects have been completed at Holy Ghost over the last 20 years. The roof on Jaeger School was replaced in 1993, and repairs were made to the roof of the original school building. In 1995, the original school received a new roof. The convent was remodeled for a daycare in 1991 including a separate, direct entry to the basement, and the building received a new roof in 1995. A 10 by 12 foot stone structure was constructed behind the school and convent in 1995 for the Blessed Virgin Mary shrine. The roof was also replaced on the rectory in 1995, and a deck was constructed on the rear in 1998 (Building permits). Holy Ghost stopped using the original school building and convent by the early 2000s, with utilities shut off to the buildings around 2005. In July 2007, the Holy Spirit Pastorate was created by combining the Holy Ghost parish (1,100 families), Sacred Heart parish (800 families), and Holy Trinity parish (600 families). With the aging population of the parishes, each was witnessing a decline in numbers. While they maintain separate identities, the pastorate provides shared staff based in a central office at Sacred Heart, with part -time secretaries in the other two offices ( "Largest pastorate embracing change," The Witness, March 22, 2009, 4). A developer has recently purchased the original Holy Ghost school and convent, with plans for apartments in both buildings. Holy Ghost continues to own and use the rectory and church, as well as the 1957 -62 school. 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used In preparing this form) Auge, Thomas. A History of Holy Ghost Parish, 1896 -1990. Dubuque, IA: Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1990. Building permits, City of Dubuque, City Hall, Dubuque, Iowa. City directories. Various dates and publishers. Carnegie -Stout Public Library, Dubuque, Iowa. Driscoll, Rev. Justin A., Ph.D. With Faith and Vision: Schools of the Archdiocese of Dubuque, 1836 -1966. Dubuque, Iowa: Bureau of Education, Archdiocese of Dubuque, 1967. Dubuque: The Birthplace of Iowa. Several volumes. Dubuque, IA: Telegraph Herald, a division of Woodward Communications, Inc. Fletcher, Sir Banister. A History of Architecture. First published in 1896. London: The Royal Institute of British Architects and The University of London, 1996. Goodspeed, Weston Arthur and Kenneth Cornell. History of Dubuque County, Iowa. Chicago, IL: Goodspeed Historical Association, 1911. 2 volumes. Hoffman, Rev. M.M., ed. History of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. Dubuque, Iowa: Columbia College Press, 1938. Holy Ghost Parish archives, Parish Office and Archdiocese of Dubuque, Dubuque, Iowa. Architectural drawings, 1896, for combined school and church Architectural drawings, 1917, for remodeled school Architectural drawings, 1966, for rear addition on original school Holy Ghost School. History written in 1962. For a Web Begun, God Supplies the Thread. Dubuque: Hoermann Press, 1955. Brochure on Holy Ghost produced for fundraising for new school. Holy Ghost. Timeline of events and activities, 1945 to 1970. 22 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State Jacobsen, James E. Architectural and Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa. National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form. History Pays!, Des Moines, Iowa, March 29, 2004. On file at the State Historic Preservation Office, Des Moines, Iowa. Lovejoy, Kim. "The Late Gothic Revival," Common Bond, New York Landmarks Conservancy, June 1998, Vol. 12, No. 1, online at www. sacredplaces .org /free_articles.htm Lyon, Randolph W. with John Klauer, Dr. Gene Potts, and Mike Gibson. Faith and Fortunes: An Encyclopedia of Dubuque County. Dubuque: Flynn Printing, 1998. Also partially available online at WWW en cici opedta d u bucro.org . Newspapers /periodicals, various titles and dates as cited within the text: Dubuque Herald Dubuque Telegraph- Herald The Witness, publication of the Catholic Church "The Romanesque Revival," Common Bond, New York Landmarks Conservancy, May 1997, online at www.sacredplaces.org/ free_articles.htm 75 Anniversary, Holy Ghost Parish, Dubuque Iowa, 1896-1971. Anniversary pamphlet, Holy Ghost Church, 1971 Sanborn Map Company. Dubuque, Iowa. Fire insurance maps. Pelham, NY: Sanborn Map Company, 1909, 1950. Shank, Wesley. Iowa's Historic Architects. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 1999. Whiffin, Marcus. American Architecture Since 1780: A Guide to the Styles. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1969, ninth reprinting, 1985. Previous documentation on file (NPS): preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67 has been Requested) previously listed in the National Register previously determined eligible by the National Register designated a National Historic Landmark recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # Primary location of additional data: x State Historic Preservation Office Other State agency Federal agency Local government University Other Name of repository: Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): Iowa Site inventory numbers - 31 -03173 (school). 31 -01157 (rectory), 31 -01153 (convent). 31 -03174 (church) 23 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property approximately 3.6 acres (Do not include previously listed resource acreage) UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1 15 690555 4710585 3 Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing 2 4 Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing Verbal Boundary Description (describe the boundaries of the property) The boundary begins at the southeast corner of Lot 4 at Central Avenue in G.R. West's Addition to Dubuque, extends north - northwest along Central Avenue for 578 feet to the northeast corner of Lot 1 -9 (within original lot 9), follows the parcel line for Lot 1 -9 to the west - southwest along the north - northwest edge of the property for approximately 350 feet to the northwest corner of Lot 1 -9 near the northwest corner of Lot 8, then extends along the rear parcel lines south - southeast for 444 feet to the southwest corner of Lot 4, then extends 231 feet to the east - northeast to the point of beginning. The boundary includes approximately 3.6 acres and all of Tots 4, 5, 6, 6A, 7, 8, and 1 -9 (sub- divided lot 9 with church) in G.R. West's Addition to Dubuque. This area is depicted on Figure 3. Boundary Justification (explain why the boundaries were selected) These parcels encompass the property currently and historically associated with the buildings contributing to the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District. 24 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State 11. Form Prepared By name /title Rebecca Lawin McCarley organization SPARK Consulting date November 8, 2010 street & number 17 Oak Lane telephone 563 - 324 -9767 city or town Davenport e -mail sparkconsulting @octaspark.com Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: • Maps: A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map. • Photographs: Representative black and white photographs of the property. • Continuation Sheets • Additional items: (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner: (complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO) name Holy Ghost Church street & number 2917 Central Avenue telephone 563 -582 -2769 city or town Dubuque name Mark Hope, Paragon Square LLC street & number 800 Spring Street city or town Galena state Iowa zip code 52803 state Iowa zip code 52001 telephone 815- 776 -1201 state Illinois zip code 61036 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC. 25 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State Photographs: Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. The photographs of Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District in Dubuque, Dubuque County, Iowa, were taken by Rebecca Lawin McCarley, SPARK Consulting, on September 21, 2010. The digital photographs were printed with HP 100 photo gray Vivera ink on HP Premium Plus Photo Paper (high gloss). The photographs were also submitted digitally, per current guidelines. A sketch map depicting the location of the photographs is found on the following page. 1. Setting of the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, camera looking southwest. 2. Setting of the Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, camera looking northwest. 3. Holy Ghost School, camera looking northwest. 4. Holy Ghost School, camera looking southeast. 5. Central hall on first story of school, camera looking southeast. 6. Classroom on northeast of first story of school, camera looking northeast. 7. Classroom on southwest of third story of school, camera looking southwest. 8. Holy Ghost Rectory, camera looking northwest. 9. Holy Ghost Rectory, camera looking east. 10. First story hall in rectory, camera looking east. 11. Staircase in first story hall in rectory, camera looking northwest. 12. Sisters Convent of Holy Ghost, camera looking northwest. '13. Sisters Convent of Holy Ghost, camera looking southeast. 14. Southwest room on first story of convent, camera looking southwest. 15. Central hall on second story of convent, camera looking northeast. 16. Holy Ghost Catholic Church, camera looking southwest. 17. Holy Ghost Catholic Church, rectory, and garage, camera looking north. 18. Holy Ghost Catholic Church, camera looking southeast. 19. Interior of Holy Ghost Catholic Church, camera looking southwest. 20. Interior of Holy Ghost Catholic Church, camera looking northeast. 26 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property a J church convent Figure 1. Photograph key Dubuque, Iowa County and State }Project yam I ; • tiro. 2222 NV- E. 290 5t. 27 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Maps: Figure 2. Location map. Dubuque, Iowa County and State (Base aerial photograph, 2009: Iowa Geographic Map Server, ortho.gis.iastate.edu) 28 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Figure 3. District map with National Register boundary. Dubuque, Iowa County and State Contributing buildings include: 1 — Holy Ghost School (1896), 2 — Holy Ghost Rectory (1898), 3 — Sisters Convent of Holy Ghost (1903), 4 — Holy Ghost Roman Catholic Church (1917) Non - contributing buildings include: 5 — garage (1966) Base 2009 aerial photograph with parcel lines from Dubuque County. District boundary overlaid by R.L. McCarley, September 2010. 29 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property County and State Images: • tea■ �._�� ❑i Jno .,� freastrell Mill \ O Dubuque, Iowa Figure 4. 1891 Sanborn map key showing extant of Dubuque development, with future site of Holy Ghost indicated. 30 4 JJz irp Jai El : CO ..tkr A9 Cy Ars, AP 34 / PA R .14i J45. 303 V--— isif , F: SW , ...._ , it. i -VA JCX, /99 74.14.00 ; 1A5 i k I ti rg. 4 JJz ri , El : CO ..tkr 0 MP Cy Ars, AP 34 / .inI. .14i J45. V--— isif i'i SW Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property I r PARK HILL AV . ST. ST. Dubuque, Iowa County and State 2. ( k■ a 3d, JOD JR . 3 J J. JSZ .10 354 Figure 5. Future site of Holy Ghost School indicated on 1891 Sanborn map (Sanborn Map Company 1891: 3). 31 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State uu uu POI ■�� uu uu i��a�u. it �,, 1 — �� r ��ir iii tin nit ii,.■�� , i - .�; �( 1 ' '�� ■ Ill ;ib��: t U �" _ ' k �� ? i .111.. : / taid� _ r -fa s . li�l am MINN 64 � ��. �� 3' a C . Figure 6. Front (east) elevation of Holy Ghost School and Church, Martin Hear, c.1895 (Holy Ghost Parish archives). 32 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State Figure 7. North and south elevations of Holy Ghost School and Church, Martin Heer, c.1895 (Holy Ghost Parish archives). 33 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property '1 • gm= JAIttisIgA Dubuque, Iowa County and State It dn.,.r,. 1;.. .A tPieciaatuclue t Figure 8. Rear (west) elevation of Holy Ghost School and Church, Martin Heer, c.1895 (Holy Ghost Parish archives). 34 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State Figure 9. First story (school) of Holy Ghost School and Church, Martin Heer, c.1895 (Holy Ghost Parish archives). 35 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property 0 DI it f ►I DI Ji I MI I Wale iW. i •Rhadiu Dubuque, Iowa County and State 11111111111 ■�� ®ice® =r_. t \ ii ::i L !1W 1 itII� Figure 10. Third and second stories (church) of Holy Ghost School and Church, Martin Heer, c.1895 (Holy Ghost Parish archives). 36 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property HOLY GHOST SCHOOL Dubuque, Iowa County and State Figure 11. Later sketch of original Holy Ghost School and Church building (The Witness, May 1930, 33). 37 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State Figure 12. Early 20 century postcard of Holy Ghost convent and school /church building (Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque). 38 "IN f AMIE g LA ii E:hi , . • eftt ti-- --°; r j4-0 13 r g 1--F4 „_:1111 mit 4: ti 131P , ',L LI , m5 ME tt, 1 [1 . ' 14 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property I:71W 7111147LY Convorearvi • elqe .1. Wok ff. a .1. FAT 5 tio 0 0 C r 0 0 tO C r rn Dubuque, Iowa County and State 32NP ST. 31 SI .3's] ST. Figure 13. 1909 Sanborn map showing the Holy Ghost rectory, church/school, and convent. 39 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State Figure 14. Interior of second -third story of original building around 1914 (Dubuque: The Birthplace of Iowa. Volume 4, page 28). 40 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State NEW HOLY GHOST CHURCH structure comer Stone For Which h To Be Laid With Impressive`‘ Ceremonies This Afternoon. Figure 15. Sketch of Holy Ghost Church appearing in Telegraph- Herald on July 16, 1916 and September 3, 1916 ( "Impressive Ceremony to Mark Laying Cornerstone of Holy Ghost Church Today," Dubuque Telegraph - Herald, September 3, 1916, 6). 41 Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property County and State Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Figure 16. Church under construction in summer/fall 1916 (Holy Ghost parish files). Figure 17. Church under construction in summerlfall 1916 (Holy Ghost parish files). 42 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State NEVI HOLY GHOST CHURCH. DUeUQUF. Figure 18. Postcard of the newly completed Holy Ghost Church, c.1917 (Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque). 43 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property County and State utnn Dubuque, Iowa Figure 19. Remodel of first story of 1896 Holy Ghost School, Guido Beck, April 1917 (Holy Ghost Parish archives). a 44 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property //, ...e//- X11////% //✓ll)W7 / / //1.S'1,fi1!.F/U!O7/e I V //// Il/// / / /O_ /7 /// /( :_7 % / / pAl / //l 10,W%j [% J/// /67/ //////l//4 - 1/ /G /(/// /0 ///!Il / / / / / / / / / /_ /// / / / / % / /Oy � a ., ION 11 ‘ 1011 •..„•.npf 'MP I MI Dubuque, Iowa County and State g Figure 20. Remodel of second and third stories of 1896 Holy Ghost School, Guido Beck, April 1917 (Holy Ghost Parish archives). 45 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State �► -_ �w�r�llil NE - 11 - 1111t } itmaaoilect t. n«..r•n � 1 7 /POLY h'O,JT-, eliPPL NOUft, ,DU.sv ,!A. exo ggr -ecrio i.. rc:ay. W. X WBIRIel,7PECTA]&. 'A OCAte. 1' ti 1:1 Z r OLD d..u,4Yie .Duaua A rx c, F 9'. 4sad4 Figure 21. Remodel of second and third stories of 1896 Holy Ghost School, Guido Beck, April 1917 (Holy Ghost Parish archives). 46 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State Figure 22. School building around 1938 (Hoffman 1938: 422) Figure 23. Rectory around 1938 (Hoffman 1938: 422) 47 C,' CA N !D Ui O Q aR � 3- Fj lg r,]AY xns _ T co co to co co C7 CD CD 0 0 m cc to Z 3 m 0 0 a m 2 O O N C) 0 C) 2 Cl) 0 0 c T K C d 0 C Q CD cn' w CD v 0 co OD c a En -fl c o U U b U .` O 0) T U _ O r co U -c o2 0 o C Z • II Z 3 m 0 - o 0 0 0 5 0 n T 0 F) Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property • A t l 4 / � NM 6 ``I r +L /3/ *oil // W. 30 //I #81 0 le ,ST. • Y Jo: "Jr / /e ( W1sr A C. CHURCH Miles ,•i,dsra. ' o I �_ B Y 24 8 W. 29 TH 4 .._1 0 Y G Hasr 44 3a PA R 0C11/4 SCl/A9 014.0 ST. Dubuque, Iowa County and State Figure 28. 1950 Sanborn map showing the Holy Ghost church, rectory, school, and convent. 51 388 305 AI; Al , ,F s co Joy -1g= ltp olo . -a» .. A g .! 2 ; i0 Illy . - , Y4 y •, Z 1121 t {t Q 289 f �h 1$ i J `_e..' 2.9.y 1 -n 2 1 O 0 z''17 ( ill 2* " * 11 ' '" Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property • A t l 4 / � NM 6 ``I r +L /3/ *oil // W. 30 //I #81 0 le ,ST. • Y Jo: "Jr / /e ( W1sr A C. CHURCH Miles ,•i,dsra. ' o I �_ B Y 24 8 W. 29 TH 4 .._1 0 Y G Hasr 44 3a PA R 0C11/4 SCl/A9 014.0 ST. Dubuque, Iowa County and State Figure 28. 1950 Sanborn map showing the Holy Ghost church, rectory, school, and convent. 51 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property .t P6 =Pit eo :;4. I ; _ != ll..Ly Dubuque, Iowa County and State I. 4 0 z Figure 29. Basement plan, South School Addition, Holy Ghost Parish (Durrant, Deininger, Dommer, Kramer, and Gordon, May 1966, Holy Ghost Parish archives) 52 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property 51"'' . ,47L1 ra la riot d !�1 3i uj U e 9 o J Dubuque, Iowa County and State a 0 0 0 k F N a n�1 Figure 30. First story plan, South School Addition, Holy Ghost Parish (Durrant, Deininger, Dommer, Kramer, and Gordon, May 1966, Holy Ghost Parish archives) 53 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State e ' •ar .r a ,. or Figure 31. Second story plan, South School Addition, Holy Ghost Parish (Durrant, Deininger, Dommer, Kramer, and Gordon, May 1966, Holy Ghost Parish archives) 0 7 _7L l S'1 0 54 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Dubuque, Iowa Name of Property fl' ' a 2.1 , sa• �p� j r' it '' I , I F ti .. .�'.- r-„.t,•. �r, f.4+ .. _ . r _ u L County and State a Figure 32. Third story plan, South School Addition, Holy Ghost Parish (Durrant, Deininger, Dommer, Kramer, and Gordon, May 1966, Holy Ghost Parish archives) 55 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property z 0 11L aPPaa I,0.1.1T Ploaa f�Iwti AS ¢�L•"a. i 't G4051, u/a LL 4• come. Las e cope.dldee. ecT:LON .ecass •1/.i• •IL.• • • row- •soe•t -3 ECTIO le Ta4408 @4t 4'4 X es . a'.IWI• a+ IIT• • droop pew P .C. • a.P,pae • ore... 4%14,.T4taO PL. ex1ST. secomo IjNeIAosp •n'T0; Dubuque, Iowa County and State •-• e !•IL' 4aG. 6 e. c T 1 0 LI Cca.LC� Ye• e i a adlcu eat.: aeLT ,paler. 0 .de04a LOOM TJIDIL'a d•MCNp T cYd% se,cT1 3ca ., 1y9: Figure 33. Sections showing mid -level stair connection to original building, South School Addition, Holy Ghost Parish (Durrant, Deininger, Dommer, Kramer, and Gordon, May 1966, Holy Ghost Parish archives) 56 3m o� : z a CO CD CO 5 CD 0 0 C, 1 n -r, CD CD CD CD O 0 tD co n flt c0 +1 CD m CD • 3 0 G) o co C) v 0 C) Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District Name of Property Dubuque, Iowa County and State Figure 39. 1956 USGS topographic quadrangle map revised in 1972 with addition of streets on bluff immediately west of Holy Ghost, extending further to the west. (Shaded area is shaded purple on the original map indicating housing development between 1956 and 1972; black dots in this area indicate houses built by 1956, likely within the previous ten years.) 60 m 3 0 m '< o 0 0 -0 - CD � n 0 0 I 0 0 Cl) I I \ y § / \ Anarzr `))A : w. (� \ *AA Artm § / � , v, }© i . .. • : - < Holy Ghost Catholi c Historic District, Dubuque, Dub u u Co., IA, Pho m] Holy Ghost Catholic HXtSOIcDQtrict Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA , Pho to 2 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 5 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 4 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 7 LI MitaNtk"Kk Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 6 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 9 U 11' 4)54 e A b 11 54 DSA' ' z. K= D bS «,.. eG .t A he dYi'. Dy yYAD Y t'CY0^�yS 4 dl``s� �• AD a D Qp ey. m�a S YyRYVD 1 : 4 �� 4 3R 1Y 4Y j1 l \`c�4'14ii" (11: Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co:, IA, Photo 8 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 11 ti t `17 k lif �' �CF Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 10 i 11 4.1 1 4. Ti I\A\\ tl � t l�i tit t;,�ti Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 13 l G fa04 'i1 1 M e lt +n �� l Yl 4 s� H lari @11,911 1 t Alge �rt�j! 31S ; t t 4t�ll�1t 41'' a tt Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 12 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 15 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 14 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 17 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 16 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque C IA, Photo I ° Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 20 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 19 Holy Ghost Catholic Historic District, Dubuque, Dubuque Co., IA, Photo 18