Loading...
Cops in Schools Grant Application CITY OF DUBUQUE, IOWA MEMORANDUM May 31, 2000 TO: The Honorable Mayor and City Council Members FROM: Michael C. Van Milligen, City Manager SUBJECT: Cops in Schools Grant Application Police Chief John Mauss is recommending approval of a Cops in Schools Grant Application for two officers. I concur with the recommendation and respectfully request Mayor and City Council approval. 4fi l (Ilt I /Ii./ !tt~ /1t 11 Michael C. Van Milligen MCVM/dd Attachment cc: Barry Lindahl, Corporation Counsel Tim Moerman, Assistant City Manager John Mauss, Police Chief rn'f,\\.."..';(;nQ \"\ "" ,", . (,1""\ J _"; .:~r'l i\~\...J ec:l\\\C . . . \1' \ - \in; CD cS.... '0 o .t, \ a3i\\j~3B CITY OF DUBUQUE, IOWA MEMORANDUM May 30, 2000 SUBJECT Michael C. Van Milligen City Manager John J. Mauss 0' Chief of Police 'tI Cops in Schools Grant Application TO FROM INTRODUCTION The purpose of this memo is to recommend City Council approval ofa Cops in Schools Grant Application for two officers. BACKGROUND Cops in Schools is a grant category of the Community Oriented Policing Services of the Department of Justice. They are accepting grant applications until June 16 for police officers to be assigned in schools. The grant would provide $125,000 over a three-year period for each officer approved. Although it does not require a local match, the cost of salary and fringe benefits for an officer for three years is $148,411, $23,411 in excess of the amount provided by the grant. The grant also requires a commitment from the local jurisdiction to continue funding the positions for a fourth year, one year beyond grant funding. We currently have one officer assigned to the schools. That officer has responsibility in all elementary, junior high, and high schools in the city. In addition, we have DARE officers presenting that program in elementary and junior high schools. We have talked to school administrators over the past several years, and they have generally been very enthusiastic about opportunities to expand the School Resource Officer, especially in the junior and senior high schools. DISCUSSION The grant requires that the federal share of the cost of employing the officers decrease over the three-year period, with the percentage of cost absorbed by the local jurisdiction increasing over that period. The grant would cover salary and fringe benefits, but does not cover equipment and uniforms or any training other than School Resource Officer training. The Dubuque Community School District supports the application and is willing to share costs in the second through fourth years. I am proposing that the City of Dubuque would absorb all costs not covered by the grant in the first year, and would absorb half the cost in subsequent years. Dubuque Community Schools would sign the partnership agreement for the other half of the costs in the grant application, but if Wahlert High School participates in the program, Wahlert would be expected to assume a proportionate share of the schools' costs. The application provides for two officers, who would be assigned in the high schools and junior high schools. The existing School Resource Officer position would continue to cover the elementary schools. That position has been funded by the City since the early 1970's. The proposal would be that two experienced officers would be selected for the assignment, and the revenue from the grant would be applied to the cost of hiring replacement officers. This is a competitive grant. Grant applications, which are not approved, will be maintained by the Department of Justice, and will be considered for funding in the next application cycle. BUDGET IMPACT Costs for two officers and the proposed allocation of funding are shown below. The figures reflect the FY 200 I wage and benefit package and do not predict any future adjustments other than normal step increases for a new officer. The City's share is higher than the schools share by the cost of uniforms and basic training, which are not covered by the grant. Year I Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Salary and Benefits $93,330 $100,Q38 $103,454 $104,674 Uniforms and Training 7,200 800 800 800 Federal Share 93,330 85,032 71,638 0 City Share 7,200 8,303 16,708 53,137 School Share 0 7,503 15,908 52,337 RECOMMENDATION I recommend City Council approval of the attached grant application. U.S, Department of Justice . Office of Community Oriented Policing Services . COPS in Schools FY2000 Application Form This form is to be completed by jurisdictions applying for grants to pay for salaries and benefits of new or rehired School Resource Officers to be deployed to work in and around elementary and secondary schools under the COPS in Schools Grant Program. By signing this form you also acknowledge your understanding that the COPS in Schools program grants provide a Federal contribution up to a maximum cap of$125,000 per officer, with the remainder to be paid with local funds. There are no waivers of the local match under the COPS in Schools grant program. All budget calculations must be based on the salary of an entry-level officer in your department. All COPS in Schools grant recipients must develop a written plan to retain their COPS-funded officer positions for at least one full locally set budget cycle after the conclusion of the federal grant period. This plan must be submitted to the COPS Office with your application and must be signed by both the law enforcement and government executives. The COPS Office will monitor retention for one full locally set budget cycle following expiration of the federal grant. The application must also include a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to document the roles and responsibilities of the collaborative effort between law enforcement and education. The MOU must be signed by the Law Enforcement Executive and the appropriate School Official. And the application must include a Narrative Addendum to document that the School Resource Officers will be assigned to work in and around primary or secondary schools, and provide a descriptive narrative of the use of School Resource Officers. The narrative must be signed by the Law Enforcement Executive and Partnering Agency Official. COPS in Schools funding must be used to hire new, additional School Resource Officers. over and above the number of sworn officers that your agency would fund with state or local funds in the absence of the grant (including other School Resource Officers). Your agency may not reduce its state or locally-funded level of sworn officers (including other School Resources Officers) as a result of applying for or receiving COPS in Schools grant funding. COPS in Schools funding may also be used to rehire sworn officers previously employed by your agency who have been laid offfor financial reasons unrelated to the availability of the COPS in Schools grant. However, your agency must obtain prior wrillen apprrJ\"alfrom the COPS Office if you wish to use COPS in Schools funding to rehire any officer who is laid uff afu:r the offiC"ial award start date of the COPS in Schools grant. Applications are due and must be postmarked no later than June 16.2000. Please complete the information below. Each item or question must be answcred in full. All requested information must be typed. Pre,.ious editions are obsoletc and may not be used. II COPS In Schools AppfiCaIill FIJf'III 8 l GlDBrallnfDI'maUlld " Applicant Organiiation's Legal Name: Dubuque Police Department Applicant Agency EIN Number (assigned by the IRS. This number should be nine digits): (If the Office of Justice Programs has assigned your deportment an EIN Number. ptease use that assigned number. Otherwise. your Internat Rnenue Service ElN ~ber should be used. For further clarification, please refer to your application instruction manual on page 5. ) Applicant Agency OR! Number: (assigned by FBIfor UCR reporting) IA 0310100 (This should be 7 digits long beginning with the first two leners a/your state abbreviation. For further clarification. please refer to your application i1l$truction manual on page 5 .) Federal Congressional District !'lumbers: 2 Are you contracting for law enforcement services? 0 Yes iI No . !f''yes,'' enter the name and agency information of the contract law enforcement department in the Executive Information section below. For further clarification in determining if this applies to your agency. please see the Application Instruction Manual on Page 5. l Exl.. b1fonD8tD1 (Must be the highest ranking official in both categories) Law Enforcement Executive's Name: Title: Chief of Police Address: 770 Iowa St. P. 0"BoXc875 John J. Mauss Agency Name: Dubuaue Police Denarrmp-nr. City: State: Telephone: Dubuque Iowa . 319-589-4411 Zip Code: FiIx: 52001 319-589-4497 lYpe of Police Agency: IifI Municipal 0 State 0 County PD 0 Sherifl'l' 0 Tribal. 0 Transit. o School. 0 University/College. (0 Public or 0 Private) o Public Housing. 0 New Start Up. (please specify type of agency): o Other. (please specify): .Departments applying/rom agency types with an asterisk nullo lhem musl complete lhe addilional information queslionnaires conlained in lhe application kilo This additional informalion must be submilled with your applicalion. Government Executive's Name: Terrance K. DU22an Title: Mayor Name of Government Entity: City of Dubuque Address: City Hall 5(kWest 13th St. City : State: Telephone: 'DtibuC!u~ Iowa 319-589-4120 Zip Code: Fax: 52001 319-589-0890 _J II COPSInSCholJlS ,.,^ App/Jc81kJt1 FI1I7I1 . ...{~ Type of Government Entity: Q State !XI City Q Town Q Village Q Borough Q Township Q Region Q Council Q Community Q Nation Q School District Q Other (please specify): Q County Q Territory Q Pueblo Contact Information: Name of contact person in your department who is familiar with this grant application: Michael J. Sullivan Captain 319-589-4467 Title: Telephone: Email: Fax: 319-589-4497 It PartDBr InfDrlDllDln Under the COPS in Schools grant program, applicants must enter into a partnership agreement with an official for a specific school or school district with general educational oversight authority in that jurisdiction. If there are going to be multiple partners involved in this project, please provide the following information for each of the partners on a separate piece of paper. However, you must designate one school official as the school representative under the grant program. Please provide the information for that individual in the space below. If the proposed project affects an entire school district, then the official with general educational oversight over the entire school district should complete the information below. Name of Partner Agency or School District School Official Name: Address: City: State: Phone: Dubuque Community School District Title: Zip Code: Fax: In addition, at the time the application is submitted applicants for the COPS in Schools grant program must include two written documents prepared in cooperation with the other agency, or agencies, involved in the program. First, a Memorandum of understanding (MOU) that details the roles and responsibilities of the partners involved in this project. For additional information on the requirement, please refer to page 7 of this Application Form. Second. a COPS in Schools Narrative Addendum detailing the proposed project. For additional information on the requirement. please refer to page 8 of this Application Form. All COPS in Schools awards will contain an "Additional Grant Condition.. that must be signed and returned to the COPS Office. This grant condition is contained in the award package. and requires the funded officer(s) and a school administrator to attend a COPS'in Schools Training. The COPS Office will reimburse grantees for the training. per diem. travel. and lodging for attendance of rr:qlllrr:J participants up to the maximum of S 1.1 00 per person attending. . COPS In Schools AppUcatkln Fonn o IV. Gml8l'8l1ofIrm8IbI ,,' Has your jurisdiction received other COPS grants? If"yes," under which program(s)? (Choose all that apply.) Cl COPS Phase I Cl COPS AHEAD Cl COPS MORE Cl.Universal Hiring Program Cl Anti-Gang lnitiativeNouth Firearms Violence Initiative Cl Community Policing to Combat Domestic Violence Cl Problem-Solving Partnerships ClRegional Community Policing Institutes Cl SmallCorruriunities Grant Program ClOther (please specify): D Yes ~No D COPS FAST Cl Troops to COPS Cl COPS in Schools D Police Corps Cl School Based Partnerships D Tribal Resources Grant Program Cl Technology What is the total number of new officer positions for which you are now applying? Do not include officer positions funded under any other COPS grants. full-time: 1 part-time: Total amount of Federal funds requested for all full-time and part-time officers: $ 125.000.00 Total non-Federal matching funds required (local share): $ 23.411.00 (fo answer this question. you will need the number of jilll-tlme and part-time officers you asked for In item Iv. You will also need the cost per officer from page 6 of the budget worksheet. Multiply the number of officers by the cost per officer to get the total jilnds needed You can see a completed example on page 8 of the sotnple budget worksheet In this packDge.) Population served as of 1990 U.S. Census: 57.538 Current Population ifdifferent: and square miles covered: 27. ~ mi 1 p" (Exclude the population and square miles primarily served by other law enforcement agencies within your jurisdiction. For example, sheriff's departments must exclude populations and areas covered by a city police department for which the sheriff's department has no primary law enforcement authority). . . Current authorizp.d sworn foree strength (as ofthe date of the application): Full time officers: 89 Part time officers: 0 . (You must indicate if your department does not have an authorized strength). Current budgeted sworD foree strength as of March 1, 2000: Full time officers: 89 Part time officers: 0 (Include all state or locally jilnded officer positions budgeted os of this time. Do not include any COPS-jilnded officers in this number). Actual sworn foree strength as of Mareh 1,2000: Full time officers: RQ Part time officers: 0 (Include state or locally funded vacancies. Do not include COPS funded positions or I"rserve posilions). D The department does not have an authorized strength. .:1 ~'.! ,.,"-' .. ';'j, j ;U ,0' '.', i, II COPS IIi'SChOOIS" ..,~,: A/IPIiC8/iJn FIIf'IH < ,.,,: "'IE . v. RBQui'8II..... I certify that the information provided on this form is true and accurate to the best of my knowledge. I understand that prior to any grant award, the applicant must comply with all application and program requirements of the Public Safety Partnership and Community Policing Act of 1994 and other requirements of Federal law. Law Enforcement Executive's Signature: Date: ,tJfir /0 () Date: 6k: Jrl . Date: (signature a/person ntJmed in Section III under Partner Information) VL AppIlatIDI SUIIInIabI ~structllJjJS Please return I original and 2 copies of all application materials that are being submitted with this request for funding. This includes: . the Application Form; . the Community Policing Information Worksheet (for first time COPS Applicants); . the Budget Information forms; . Assurances; . Certifications; . a written Retention Plan; . the Memorandum of Understanding; . the COPS in Schools Narrative Information; and . any additional information (example: additional information questionaire for certain police agencies) that is required. . COPS bJ Schools AppIicatiln Form D You should return the application and materials in the envelope provided. If the envelope is missing, then the completed applications should be sent to: ." COPS in Schools Grant Program U. S. Department of Justice 1100 Vermont Avenue, NW 8th floor Washington, DC 20530 (For overnight delivery, please use 20005 as the zip code.) Note: Since original signa~es are required to process all funding requests, fax copies can NOTbeaccepted. Note: Application pending OMB Approval. '< "l" .. COPS In Schools ~/F/Jf'III G ""","_ -",,'-,.r -;.0'. _:\,.ti....~~ $IIi;::,';;:.4f,~.~:"i,e_ w '~"~":.il>", "~,;'f\,,,,~,,,,",..,.. ".;:;;JIb-, ;. :~ ~. '. . ~~,;~;":'_:#'':llil;lli;:'C~: :~fI-" ',~,3_'._; .'-.. .,., .'~'. ,,"1'i_"",'," :l"!~:'-"-: .,~.-,,-'-:':'"' ".~'. .,.-'it!- MlImorandum of IImI8rstaIIIInU R8qui'8.nt The COPS in Schools (CIS) grant program offers law enforcement agencies the opportunity to perform community policing in and around primary and secondary school entiti~s within their jurisdictions. Due to the collaborative effort between law enforcement and education, all applicants must submit a Memorandum of UnderstaOding (MOU) for the CIS grant program. This is a requirement of the grant and is in addition to the Partner Information that you provided in Section III of the application. The MOU is an agreement between the parties to the grant. The purpose is to defme the roles and responsibilities of the individuals and partners involved, which should include, but not be limited to, School Resource Officer's (SRO's), school officials, students and parents. The MOU must address the following issues: 1. Goals and objectives of the partnership. Please include a mission statement for the grant project. 2. Clear delineation of the roles and responsibilities as they pertain to grant requirements and administrative procedures, to include, but not be limited to: . receipt and disbursement of funds . programmatic reporting . financial reporting . general grant management issues and responsibilities 3. Grant Program issues, to include, but not limited to: . supervision responsibility of SRO . evaluation of the program/grant project . delineation of decision-making authority or chain of command responsibility 4.. A description of partner involvement in community policing activities performed during the grant program. . 5. Any additional information that maybe pertinent to the grant program or management. Please attach a seperate MOU that addresses the program requirement mentioned above. The MOU must be signed by the Law Enforcement Executive and the School Official who has general educational oversight and decision making authoril)'. ., COPS In Schools r App/Iea/i1n 10/711 I::] "', i"'"' <,." , ~,' ~,." ~ '"01;',', ...;, '+':~ ,.t\','" ,,'~~,,'r ~'." ~. 'y_ " k..~'ai<,";~";:.)!"~~...~","" .... ,-.; ~~~;~,'~ :i.,!~; ;" "$.. ., r~ ' \'",,'< J,': ',j '. -" ',.",' ~~":\'JIlllll:."":,'![::~~~.;a.~.:lI1~_"~~""''''~'''lil'-'''~''~~1I.''' :-i,-t;.~, :,;>!::~, '...:"".. ~"'" .j,<. ;~ ,\-""',, COPS ~ SI:bOlIIa Nlrratlvl MlBDdIDD Agencies seeking funding under the CIS program must also provide a descriptive narrative addendum addressing each of the following areas. In addition, agencies may provide supporting documentation in the following areas if relevant information is available. This narrative will be taken into consideration during the application review and approval process. . Provide assurance that the officers employed under this program will be assigned to work in and/or around primary or secondary schools. . Problem Identification and Justification: Problem Identification: Please provide information on current problems occurring in and around the school(s) that are listed as partners in this grant application. For example, information on but not limited to, gang violence within schools or immediately adjacent thereto. Justification: Documentation such as crime data, information on the number of gang members in a particular school, number of suspensions and expulsions related to gang activities, school survey, complaints from community, etc. . Community Policing Strategies to be used by the School Resource Officers: Under this section, please provide information on the proposed activities that the SRO's will be participating in. Please give specific examples and provide as much detail as possible. Examples of some strategies include, but are not limited to, conflict mediation, mentoring activities, gang mediation, problem solving projects, truancy programs, etc. . Quality and Level of Commitment to Program: Please specify the amount of dedicated officer hours deployed to school activities, the duration and quality of the proposed program, evidence of previous successes and a description of the impacted or targeted areas to incliJde the number of schools, as well as demographic information for the student population. . Link to Community Policing: Agencies seeking funding under this program must provide information on how the community policing strategies proposed for the School Resource Officer program, as outlined above, will link to their overall organizational community policing strategy. Please attach a narrative statement that will addresses the program requirements mentioned above. This information must be signed b)' the Law Enforcement Executin and the Partnering Agency Official.The Partnering Agene)' Official is either a specific school official or with an official with general educational onrsight authori!)' in that jurisdiction. ., COPS hi Schools App/iC8tim 101711 c:J COPS ~ Schollll- AddItIIIaaI PlI1n8r PIIII8 (/'0 be used if there is more than one partnering agency) Please use this form if you are applying for funding under the COPS in Schools grant program and are partnering with more than one school or school district. As a reminder, you must designate one school official as the school representative under this grant program. However, you may partner with numerous schools or school districts. If you are partnering with more than one school or school district you must provide the following information for each school or school district. This form must be signed by both the law enforcement executive and the school official and returned at the time of application. Name of Additional Partner Agency or School District: Dubuque Community School District School Official Name: Address: City: State: Phone: Title: Zip Code: Fax: Law Enforcement Executive's Signature: Date: (signature of the offiCial named in Section l/ of/his application) School Official's Signature: Date: (signature of person named in Section III under Partner Information) l pdu'~J ."1",1 :(1 .""1111' ~1\.:'''flUol' . COPS In SChools App/i:8tiJn f/JI'//J c:J U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services ., Disclosure of Lobbying Activities Instructill1s for Completion of SF-UJ. lIsdosul8 of l.ob~ AcIiviIies This disclosure form shall be completed by the reporting entity, whether subawardee or prime Federal recipi- ent, at the initiation or receipt of a covered Federal action, or a material change to a previous filing. pursuant to title 31 U.S.C. section 1352. The filing of a form is required for each payment or agreement to make pay- ment to any lobbying entity for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress in con- nection with a covered Federal action. Complete all items that apply for both the initial filing and material change report. Refer to the implementing guidance published by the Office of Management and Budget for additional information. 1. Identify the type of rovered Federal action for whim lob- bying activity is and/or has been secured to influence the out- come of a rovered Federal action. 2. Identify the status of the rovered Federal action. 3. Identify the appropriate classification of this report. If this is a follow-up report caused by a material change to the infor- mation previously reported. enter the year and quarter in whim the change occurred. Enter the date of the last previ- ously submitted report by this rq.u. thog entity for this cov- ered Federal action. 4. Enter the full name, address, city, state and zip rode of the repo. ting entity. Indude Congressional District number, if known. Check the appropriate classification of the reporting entity that designates if it is, or expects to be, a prime or sub- award recipient Identify the tier of the subawardee, e.g. the first subawardee of the prime is the 1st tier. Subawards include but are not limited to subcontracts, subgrants and rontract awards under grants. 5. If the organization filing the report in item 4 mecks "5ubawardee," then enter the full name, address, city, state and zip rode of the prime Federal recipient Include Congressional District, if known. 6. Enter the name of the Federal agency making the award or loan commitment. include at least one organizational level below agency name, if known. For example, Department of Transportation, United States Coast Guard. 7. Enter the Federal program name or description for the rov- ered Federal action (item 1). If known, enter the full Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) number for grants, rooperative agreements, loans and loan rommitments. 8. Enter the most appropriate Federal identifying number available for the Federal action identified in item 1 (e.g. Request for Proposal (RFP) number; Invitation for Bid (IFB) number; grant lUlIIOlI11a!IIlent number; the rontract, grant. or loan award number; the application/ proposal rontrol number assigned by the Federal agency). Include prefixes. e.g. "RFP- DE-90-001." 9. For a rovered Federal action where there has been an award or loan commitment by the Federal agency, enter the Federal amount of the award/loan commitment for the prime entity identified in item 4 or 5. 10. (a) Enter the full name, address, city, state and zip rode of the lobbying entity engaged by the reporting registrant identi- fied in item 4 to influence the covered Federal action. (b) Enter the fullname(s) of the individual(s) performingser- vices, and include full address if different from 10 (a). Enter Last Name, Filst Name, and Middle Initial (MI). 11. The certifying offidal shall sign and date the form, print his/her name, title and telephone number. PubIic,.,.ming lnmIm fur this a1Il<ctUm of infomuttion is..- III IlfI<rogt 30 minul<s per r<spons<, including Iimt fur m1iewing instrulDtms, -..g aisling dobI _,gathmngand lfIIIinmirring Ihodobl__, and amrpIdirrg and I'tl1iewing Iho a1Il<ctUm of infomuttion. Smd mm - .....Is regarding Iho InmItm ~ or any ollr6l1SpfCl of this coIla:Iion of ;'ifo. ...di.n, including suggestions fur mludng this lnmIm, III Iho 0J!ia of Mmulgement and Budget. P"","""", RedudiDn PTDjtt:t (034U046J, W_gton. D.C. 20530. Disclosure of Lobbying Activities Approved by OMB 0348.0046 (as amended) Complete this form to disclose lobbying activities pursuant to 31 U.S.c. 1352 (See reverse for instructions and public burden disclosure) 1. Type of Federal Action: ..JiLh 2. Status of Federal Action: .l1l.A. 3. Report Type: .l1l.A. a. contract a. bidl offer I application a. initial filing b. grant b. initial award b. material change c. cooperative agreement c. post-award d.loan Far Material Change Only: e. loan guarantee Year: f. loan insurance Quarter: Date of last report 4. Name and Address of Reporting Entity: S. If Reporting Entity in No.4 is Subawardee, Enter o Prime o Subawardee Name and Address of Prime: Tier ~ if/cnown: N/A N/A 2 2 Congressional District (number), if known: _ Congressional District (number), if known: _ 6. Federal Department/Agency: 7. Federal Program Name/Desc:ription: N/A CFDANumber, if applicable: N/A 8. Federal Action Nlmlber, if known: 9. AwardAmount,ifknown: N/A $ N/A 10. a. Name and Address of Lobbying Registrant 10. b. Individuals Performing Services (if individw2l, last name, first name, M1): (including address if different from No.lOa) (last name, first name, MI): N/A N/A _ ..f'\_ /Y ~'k.. .7 11. Information requested through this form is authorized by Signature: TItle 31 U.s.C Section 1352. This discloll1lJe of lobbying Print Name: t7 Jfl.n activili.s is a material representalion of fact upon which J. Mauss reliance was placed by the lier above when this transadion was made or entered into. This disclosure is required pur- Chief of Police ......t to 31 U.s.C 1352. This ioformation will b. reported to litle: the Congress semi-annua11y and will b. available for pubUc Date: s/3/oo inspection. Any person who falls to file the required disd... Telephone No.: 319-589-4411 II1IJe shall b. subject 10 a dvil penally of not 1... than 510.000 and not more than $100.000 for.ach such faiIme. Federal Use Only: Authorized for Local Reproduction, Standard Form. LLL ,-- ~..~. ""~ .---- 1lDaI..~.-=!lt:~'7r.-~~~, ~~i~,..,OWG.>i~""r~<J.i..~'W'.~':..~,,,,~.-,.'<;;=''30 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Assurances ~ ~ Several provisions of Federal law and policy apply 10 all grant programs. We (the Office of Community Oriented Policing 5ervic:esl need to secure your assurance that you (the applicant) will comply with these provisions. If you would like further information about any of the matters on which we seek your assurance, p1ease contact us. By your authorized representative's signature, you assure us and certify to us that you will comply with all1egal and administrative require- ments that govern the applicant for acceptance and use of Federal grant funds. In particular, you assure us that 1. You have been legally and officially authorized by the appropriate governing body (for example, mayor or city council) 10 apply for this grant and that the persons signing the application and these assur- ances on your behalf are authorized to do so and to act on your behalf with respect 10 any issues that may arise during processing of this application. 2. You will comply with the provisions of Federal law which limit certain political activities of your employees whose principal em- ployment is in connection with an activity financed in whole or in part with this grant. These restrictions are set forth in 5 US.c. ~ 1501, etseq. 3. You will romply with the minimum wage and maximum hours provisions of the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act, if they apply to you. 4. You will establish safeguards. if you have not done so already, 10 prohibit employees from using their positions for a purpose that is, or gives the appearance of being, motivated by a desire for private gain for themselves or others, particularly those with whom they have family, business or other ties. 5. You will give the Department of justice or the Comptroller Genera1 acoess to and the right 10 examine records and documents related to the grant 6. You will comply with all requirements imposed by the Depart- ment of Justice as a condition or administrative requirement of the grant; with the progrsm guidelines; with the requiJements of OMB CircularsA-87 (governing cost calculations) and A-I28 or A-I33 (gov- erning audits); with the applicable provisions of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Sheets Act of 1968, as amended; with 28 CFR Part 66 (Uniform Administrative RequiJements); with the provisions of the current edition of the appropriate COPS grant owner's manual; and with all other applicable laws, orders, regulations or circulars. 7. You will, 10 the extent practicable and consistenlwith applicable laW; seek. recruit and hire qualified members of racial and ethnic minority groups and qualified women in order 10 further e/lective law enforcement by increasing their ranks within the sworn p0si- tions in your agency. 8. You will not on the ground of race, oolor, religion. national origin. gender, disability or age. unlawfully exclude any person from partic- ipation in. deny the benefits of or employment 10 any person. or sub- ject any person 10 discrimination in connection with any progrsms or activities funded in whole or in part with Federal funds. These civil rights requiJements are found in the non-discrimination provi- sions of the Omnibus Crime Centrol and Safe Sheets Act of 1968, as amended (42 US.c. ~ 3789(d)); TItle VI of the Civil Rights Act of1964, as amended (42 US.c. ~ 2000d); the Indian Civil Rights Act (25 US.c. ~ 1301-13(3); Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of1973, as amend- ed (29 US.c. ~ 794); TItle n, Subtitle Aof the Americans with Disabil- ities Act (ADA) (42 US.C. ~ 12101, et seq.); the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (42 U.S.c. ~ 6101, et seq.); and Department of justice Non-Discrimination Regul.a1ions contained in Title 28, Parts 35 and 42 (subparts C, D, E and G) of the Code of Federal Regulations. A. In the event that any court or administrative agency makes a finding of discrimination on grounds of race, color, religion. national origin. gender, disabillty or age against you after a due proc:ess hearing. you agree to forward a copy of the finding 10 the Office of Civil Rights, Office of justice Progrsms, 810 7th Street, NW; Washington, DC 20531. B. If you are applying for a grant of $500.000 or more and Depart- ment regulations (28 CFR 42.301 et seq.) require you to submit an Equal Opportunity Employment Plan, you will do so at the time of this application, if you have not done so in the past If you are applying for a grant of less than $500,000 and the regulations require you 10 maintain a Plan on file in your office, you will do so within 120 days of your grant award. 9. You will insure that the facilities under your ownership, 1ease or supervision which shall be utilized in the accomplishment of the project are not listed on the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) list of Violating Facilities and that you will notify us if you are advised by the EP Aindicating that a facility 10 be used in this grant is under consideration for listing by EP A. 10. If your state has established a review and oommenl procedure under Executive Order 123n and has selected this progrsm for review, you have made this application av~le for review by the state Single Point of Contact 11. You will devise a plan to retain the increased hiring 1eveI with state and local funds after the conclusion of your grant. Signal1ue: assurances that guvem the application and use of Fedmll ftnuJs. Date: ~'-J-;3( Iou , V.S: Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services e' \ ~ .. " cI ~ Certifications Regarding ~: Debannent, Suspensim and other ResjJOllSibllty MaIlers; Drug-free VIIorlqUce Requirements Coordination wiIh AffIa:Ied Agllll:les; Non-SuplRtinU: and ReIenIion. Although the Department of Justice has made evei)' effort to simplify the application process, other provisions of Federa/law require us to seek your certification regarding certain matters. Applicants should read the regulations cited below and the instructions for certification included in the regulations to understand the requirements and whether they apply to a particular applicant. Signature of this form provides for tompliance with certification requirements under 28 CFR Part 69, "New Restrictions on Lobbying," and 28 CFR Part 67, "Government-wide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement) and Government-wide Requirements for Omg-Free Workplace (Grants)," and the coordination and non-supplanting requirements of the Public Safety Partnership and Community Policing Act of 1994. The certifications shall be treated as a material represen- tation of fact upon which reliance will be placed when the Department of Justice determines to award the covered grant. 1. Lobbying As required by Section 1352, TItle 31 of the US. Code, and Imple- menIed at2B CFR Part 69, for pemons entering into a grant or CXlOJ>' erative agreement over $100,000, as defined at2B CFR Part 69, the applicant certifies that: A. No Federal approPriated flmds have been paid or will be paid. by or on beha1f of the undenigned, to any person for influ- encing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any agency; a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of CongIess in amneclion with the making of any Federal grant; the enll!ring into of any cooperative agreement; and the extension. conlinuaticn. JI!I1l!Wa1, amendment or modification of any Federal grant or a>operative agreement; B. If any fImds other than Federal appropriated fImds have been paid or will be paid 10 any petIOI\ for influencing or allempting 10 Influence an officer or employee of any agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congresa in amneclion with this Federal grant or a>operalive agreement. the undersigned shaD axnplete and sub- mit Standard FOIDI- Lll., "DiscIosme of Lobbying Activities,.. in aaxmIanc:e with Its inst:ruclions; C. The undemgned shaD require that the language of this c:erlifi.. cation be included in the awan! documents for all subawards at all tiers (including subgrants, contracls Wlder granls and a>opera- tive agreements, and subcontracls) and that all sub-recipienls shaD certify and disdooe aca>1dingly. 2. Do_en1, SlIIpeJlIian and Other Responaibllity Mollen (Direct Recipienll As required by Executive Order 12549, Debannenl and Suspension, and Implemented al2B CFR Part 67, for prospective participants in primary rovered transacliOllS, as defined at2B CFR Part 67, Section 67.510- A. The applicant certifies that it and Its principals: (;) Are not presently debarred, suspended, proposed for debannen1, declared ineligible, senlerlced 10 a cIeniaI of Federal benefits by a state or Federal court, or voluntarily excluded from awered transactions by any Federal depart- ment or agency; (ii) Have not within a three-year period preceding this appli- cation been convicted of or had a civil judgment rendered against them for commission of fraud or a criminal offense in CXlIUU!Clion with obtaining, allempting 10 obtain, or perf0rm- ing public (Federal, state or local) transaction or contraclunder a public transaction; violation of Federal or state anlilnlst slalules or commission of embezzlement, theft, forgery. bribery, falsification or destruction of reco~ making false statements, or receiving stolen l',u}'C'l} , (Iii) Are not presently indicted for or otherwise criminal1y or civilly charged by a govemmental enlily (Federal, state or local) with commission of any of the offenses enumerated in paragraph (A)(ii) of this cerlificalion; and (iv) Have not within a three-year period preceding this appli- cation had one or mOle public lIansaclions (Federal, slate or local) letminated for cause or defauJ~ and B. Where the applicant is unable 10 certify 10 any of the stale- menIS in this certification. he or she shaD attach an explanation 10 this application. 3. Dnlg-Free Workplace {Grantees Other Than lndividaala) As required by the Dnlg-Free Workplac:e Act of 1988, and imple- mented at2B CFR Part 67, Subpart F, for grantees. as defined al2B CFR Part 67, Sections 67.615 and 67.67JJ- A. The applicant certifies that it will, or wiD conlinuolo, provido . dNg-free workplace by: (i) Publishing a statement notifying employees that the unlawful manufacture, distribution, dispensing. F ' on or use of a amtroUed substance is prohibited in the grantee's workplace and specifying the actions that will be lakIn against employees for violation of such prohibition; (ii) Establishing an on-going drug-free awareness program 10 inform employees about- (a) The dangers of drug abuse in the workplace; (b) The grantee's policy of maintaining a drug-free workplare; (c) Any available drug counseling. rehabilitation and employ- ee assistance programs; and (d) The penalties that may be imposed upon employees for drug-abuse violations occurring in the workplace; (ill) Making it a requirement that each employee to be engaged in the perlonnance of the grant be given a copy of the statement requited by paragraph (i); (iv) Notifying the employee in the statement requited by paragraph (i) tha~ as a condition of employment under the grant, the employee will- (a) Abide by the terms of the statement; and (b) Notify the emp10yer in writing of his or her conviction for a violation of a criminal drug statute occurring in the work- place no later than five c:aIendar days after such conviction; (v) Notifying the agency, in writing, within 10 a1endar days after receiving notice under subparagraph (iv)(b) from an employee or otherwise receiving adual notire of such convic- tion. Employers of convicted employees must provide noore, including position tilIe, to: COPS OffIce, 1100 Vermant Ave. NW, Washington. DC 20530. Notice shall include the identifi- cation number(s) of each affected gran~ (vi) Taking one of the following actions, within 30 calendar days of receiving notice under subparagraph (Iv)(b), with respect to any employee who is SO convicted- (a) Taking appropriate persanne1 action against such an employee, up to and including termination, consistent with the teqUiremenIs of the Rehabililation Act of 1973, as amend- ed; or (b) Requiring such employee to participate satisfactorily in a drug abuse assistance or rehabilitation program approved for such purposes by a Federal, slate or local hea1th.law enf0rce- ment or other appropriate agency; (vii) Making a good faith effort to continue to maintain a drug-free workplace through implementalion of paragraphs (i), (il), (ill), (iv), (v) and (vi). B. The grantee may insert in the space provided below the site(s) for the perlormanre of work done in connection with the specific grant Plaa! of performana! (street address, city, county, stale, zip code) Ou!ck [] if there are workplares on file that are not identified here. Section 67.630 of the JegUIalions provides that a grantee that is a Slale may elect to make one certifjmlion in each Federal fiscal yam; a copy of which should be included with each applimlion for Department of Justice funding. States and state agencies may elect to use OJPForm 4061/7. Ou!ck [] if the Slale has elected to complete OJPForm 4061/7. 4. Coordinalion The Public Safety partnership and Community Policing Act of 1994 requires applicants to CErtify that there has been appropriate coordi- nation with all agencies that may be affected by the applicant's grant proposa1 if approved. Aflected agencies may include, among others, the OffIce of the United States Attorney. state or local prosecutors, or correctiona1 agencies. The applicant CErtifies thatlhere has been appropriate coordination with all affected agencies. 5. Non-SuppLmling The applicant hereby a!rti6es that Federal funds will not be used to replace or supplant slate or local funds, or funds supplied by the Bureau of IndianAffairs, that would, in the absenCE of Federal aid, be made available to or for law enforcement purposes. 6. Retenlion The applicant hereby cerlifiea that it understands that it must abide by its submitted plan to retain the additional of6rer positions at the coodusion of the grant period. Grantee Name and Address: Dubuque Police Department 770 Iowa St. Dubuque. IA 52001 Application No. andlor Project Name: Grantee IRS 1 Vendor Number: John J. Y~uss, Chief of Police D_ 6/3;/6 () ~~re . As the duly auth tati'Oe of the gOVenMg body, I hereby artilY that the I ~m binding the g"".mn.ng body to the above artifU:a - lions, including the,,1an to _in. Ekctions of new offidals will not relieve the govmnng body of Its obligations IlIUkrlhls grant. Terrance M. Duggan, Mayor Typed Name and TI resentalive: TypedName~..vemment. R..1"~~1 Signature /~ jJf / '. .-' ...-. " -,..,. .- ."' , .. .. -' 1p/5'/rV D_ .. " '..... ,~-. ,~'''.. .- _... _~~1 "n ~_.....,,~1"~,~,,~,~r~.~--.. u.s.~DeJiartment of JUstice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services . Community Policing Information To be Completed by Applicants for COPS Grants u.s. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services lbomu Frazier. Dircc:tor OMB apprtJ\'a111~27 ExpsrabOn 5/2001 Community Policing Information Worksheet The following worksheet will assist the COPS Office to better understand the public safety problems facing communities, as well as the particular goals and activities of law enforcement agencies. For more information about COPS grants, call the U.S. Department of Justice Response Center at 1-800-421-6770. ~; us. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services 1100 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20530 Internet web site: http://www.uscioj.gov/copsl April 1998 Community Policing InfonnaIion WOltcsheet This worksheet will provide the COPS Office with information about the public safety concerns of your community and your department's community policing goals and activities. For assistance in completing this worksheet, contact the U.S. Department of Justice Response Center at 1-800-421-6770. Your Community Policing Information Worksheet is complete by signing and dating below. Both the law enforcement executive and the government executive must sign. Applicant Organization's Legal Name: Dubuque Police Department OR! *: 0310100 We, the undersigned, attest to the accuracy of the Community Policing Information Worksheet submitted below. Law Enforcement Executive:TItle: Chief of Police Name (typed): John J. Mauss Department: Dubuque Police Department Signature: Date: Government Executive: TItle: Mayor Name (typed): Terrance M. Duggan Government Entity: City of Dubuque Date: h,_ CoDlp1etinS Fonn: TItIr. Captain Signature: N_ (typed~ Michael J. Sullivan Oallr: s.p~: 1 PARr 1 1. From the list that follows, please rank in descending order the following public safety concerns of your community. For example, if "weapons" are the greatest concern in your community, place the letter "f" in rank number 1. If "wildlife crimes" are the lowest concern in your community, place an "n" in rank number 16. Rank: Major Public Safety Issues: 1. A. a. Violent crimes against persons 2. I b. Property crimes 3. F c. Motor vehicle thefts 4. J d. Vandalism 5. H e. Gangs 6. B f. Weapons 7. D g. prostitution 8. K h. Drug crimes 9. L . ----- .. j. Domestic violence 10. E j. Alcohol-related crime, including OWl 11. c k. Disorderly conduct 12. 0 1. Traffic violations 13. G m. Agricultural crimes 14. M n. Wildlife crimes 15. N o. Hate crimes 16. p. Other (specify): Community policing is a policing philosophy that promotes and supports organizational strategies to address the causes and reduce the fear of aime and social disorder through problem-solving tactics and community-police partnerships. Your answers to the questions below will provide the COPS Office with basic information about your community policing efforts. and how you will UK your COPS grant funds to further the implementation of community pobans. You are not ......-kd to enpp in aD 01 the KlMbft lasIIcl. Tllf')' arr ~Ies of the coaununaty pobcinI effona 01 other law eM,."dI.mt ~1Oa U you haw a wntten docwnent that wr'\'ft AI your cammunaty poban& plan. p.... attach II to this form. I ","-. .~~..u_ .. -.-.. ,.. ,..,- .' ,.. . <,.' - ,.--.. ~ -......-.. . ....,.....---..,......- 0UeraII Approai:h .2. Please indicate which of the following are part of your overall approach. to community policing. and which you plan to implement under your COPS grant: a) Crime Prevention Efforts Have Implemented Plan to Implement CD Cl a. Youth programs (e.g., in-school, after school, weekend police/youth programs) CD IlO Cl Cl b. Anti-drug programs c. Regular meetings with community groups to discuss crime El Cl d. Anti-violence programs Cl Cl e.Other (specify): b) Problem-Solving Activities Have Implemented Plan to Implement !XI Cl a. Identifying crime problems with members of the community and other government agencies (e.g., prosecutor and courts, social services, probation office) IX] Cl b. Identifying crime problems by looking at crime trends (e.g., keeping records of crimes and the types of requests for help) [I Cl c.ldentifying top problems by analyzing repeal calls for service IXI o d. r,~.-enting a;m. by focusing 011 cOIIcbtions thallHd 10 crunr (eoJ.. abandoned buiIdJnp 8nd can. ...... ..I1 10 ocher c:iviI ....cia) o o e. BuildIDl 011 anfonnabOlll~ to ~ crunr .wysas apabibbft o 0, f. Other (Ipeclfy) 3 . c) Community Partnerships HIll1e Implemented Pllln to Implement c:J c:J a. Regularly surveying community members to assist in identifying and prioritizing crime problems c:J c:J b. Locating office or stations within neighbor- hoods IiEJ c:J c. Providing community policing training to citizens Ii1l c:J d. Meeting with community members to learn more about the nature of specific problems iii c:J e. Involving community members in selecting responses ~o problems and determining mea- sures of success c:J c:J f. Other (specify): d) Infrastructure and Management Changes HIll1e Implemented Pllln to Implement EJ o a. Have written strategic plan for community policing b. Department currently designates special unit (or a special officer) for community policirig activities o [I D o C. Department promotes an agencywide approach to community policing 'f!ll'l" Ikpu,h.olftllwls ,,"plmImltd gr plllru 10 'mp/t"mt'nl /In /lgtTlcw'ldr II1'J'FD<<h 10 ,_IIIU""Y pollCl"g. pUrur ,,",,air lilt ."""'%llII/Ilt ~",I/lgr' pf "mt" IhIIl J'IIlrol fI/Jiars" ,...,. __',,"'11 P<l""'fI tor r&IiU IINratrllO CIlfIImulI'ty poI,."'g o ~ than 10 ...........1 l!J 10.20 .....'.....1 o Morr than 20 f'" ...... -cr o d ~ an- t:""' ft"poMltolhn tor t:~ p'aphacal an-a~ 4, Have Plan to Implemented Implement ID CJ e. Call management systems are in place to free officer time for community policing (e.g., telephone reporting, alternative responses) CJ CJ f. Personnel evaluations reward participation in collaborative problem-solving efforts 1iJ' CJ g. Decision-making authority has been decen- tralized CJ CJ h. Management positions have been eliminated ~ CJ i. Community policing concepts have been integrated into agency's mission statement CJ CJ j. Community policing concepts have been inte- grated intp departmental policies and procedures ra CJ k. Detectives have been integrated into community policing efforts [J CJ 1. Department staff routinely collaborate with other municipal agencies to address problems Commurilies 3. Please indicate which of the following groups you have consulted to address crime and disorder problems in your community: Consulted PlIm to Consult C!1 CJ a. Other government agencies (e.g. probation office, sanitation) . "". ,~ ~ C!1 CJ b. Civic groups I!J CJ c. Netghborhood aS6OCYbON ID 0 d. TftWllS' ..........boN 0 0 e. Qrsaruu_ of your ~p~. andudang coIl<<t1,"" b.rgaanang ~P' 0 0 j. Busa_ groups 5 Consulted Plan to Consult [] iii [] [] [] [] g. Religious groups h. Schools i. Other (specify): . Citizens 4. Please indicate which of the following partnership activities are currently per- formed by citizens in your jurisdiction or are planned under your COPS grant: Currently Planned Under Perform Grant In [] a. Neighborhood Watch EJ [] b. Citizen volunteer programs GO 0 c. Otizen advisory groups to your law enforcement agency [] [] d. Citizen patrols within your community iii [] e. Participate in anti-<irug or anti-violence programs . [] [] f. Other activities (specify): 0fIicers 5. Please indicate which of the following activities are currently performed by patrol officers or are planned under your COPS grant: I) Crime Prevention Activities ell"",tly Prrftmn a GO Pltmrvd UIUhr G..", o [] ._ Foot patrOl. bib patrol .w mounted fMtrol b MAking door-tlt>-door c:onYCt ",..th atlUm And bus1nruft . Currently Planned Under Perftmn Grant CJ CJ c. Meeting with community leaders and groups to learn more about crime problems and jointly develop crime prevention plans [J CJ d. Using business cards, cellular phones or beepers to maintain contact with, and be contacted by, citizens regarding public safety concerns !XI liEJ e. Working in schools or other public agencies to teach crime prevention CJ CJ f. Other (specify): b) Problem-Solving Activities Currently Planned Under Perftmn Grant EJ lJ lJ III ell !XI !l!I !XI a, Working with citizens to identify and address community crime problems b. Using computer systems to collect and analyze information, particularly' repeat calls for service c. Coordinating specific problem-solving projects to address problems on their beats s CJ C) Training CJ CJ d. Working with other public agencies to solve disorder problems (e.g. trash collection, public works agencies to solve lighting problems) e. Mapping crime problems f. Other (specify): 11 I)qartlnftttwide community policing training EJ Haw illlplonnented CJ Plan 10 impIemet,l CJ Do nac pIAn 10 IIIIpIftnml 7 2) Where do recruits/officers receive basic training? (Check all that apply.) [J State academy [j Regional academy [j Local academy [j Community college [j Private contract/ outside consultant [j No recruit training liEI Other (specify): Within department 3) How many hours of recruit training dedicated solely to community policing concepts do recruits receive? 8 hours 4) Have community policing concepts been integrated into general training received by agency personnel (e.g.. training on law, departmental regulations. conducting investigations)? ClI Yes [j Plan to implement [j Do not plan to implement 5) Where do in-service officers receive community policing training? [j State academy [j Regional academy [j Local academy [j Community college liEI Private contract/outside consultant [j No in-service training S Other (specify): Within Department 6) How many hours of in-service training dedicated solely to community policing concepts do officers receive? 1 hours 8 ..._. ..." .___,_._'." __ "'"'"_~~':~""'.'" _ ... ._ ..~."-.Il,,.., ...... "" I_ _'.0__ ._. _ ..' All 7) We would like to know what kind of training your department routinely provides that is pertinent to community policing. Please indicate the community policing training that your department provided in the past fiscal year. Please indicate by checJdng the appropriate box. The abbreviation "CP" stands for community policing. .. u ;.., .E - ." c: .. .. 0 Ul ." . ;.., c: .S: E ~ - e .. c 011 Cl. ." 0 - OIl .. .- u .. = c: < .. '2 u u .- ~ c: -- t .; .- ~ L: e .. .c: ~ .. u Ul - .S: .c: .. . Q Q - Ill: c: = U z 0 - a. Concepts and general principles of CP ll!I CJ CJ ll!I CJ CJ b. Problem-solving methods (SARA, etc.) iii CJ iii iii CJ CJ c. Causes and consequences of specific IlII CJ IlII IlII CJ CJ problems (e.g., drugs, spousal abuse) d. CP approaches to specific problems CJ IlII IlII IlII CJ CJ e. Organizing/working with public groups CJ CJ ll!I ll!I CJ CJ f. Cultural diversity CJ CJ iii CJ CJ CJ g. Victim assistance IlD CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ h. Working with juveniles IlD CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ i. Using code/civil enforcement CJ !!I CJ CJ CJ CJ j. Alternative dispute resolution IllJ CJ IllJ CJ CJ CJ k. Supen'ising problem solvers CJ CJ CJ 0 1ZI 0 I. 0tMr (specify): 0 0 0 0 0 0 II\. Other. C C 0 CJ CJ 0 ft. Other. 0 0 0 0 CJ CJ . IIIIenIiDn B. Indicate how you plan to retain the new officers following the end of Federal grant support. Have you planned to assume a progressively larger share of an officer's salary and fringe benefits each year over the next three years, leading to full-time retention of the officer at the conclusion of the grant? l:iI Yes Cl No Do you have assurance from your local government that these officers will be retained? C!I Yes Cl No . . If "yes," attllch any written letters or other assurances to this application. If "no," explain how you intend to retain the officers. 10 . Mb.di~ ..D.. -........... ."...\...... I' .~_I hIr J. .- - il"'!1" _..~,_",,-.,,,,_~T___< ._ . ...,.. ,4.}lf1'.1,..__ oo:-liC Complete Part 2 only if: · You are applying for a COPS hiring grant and your jurisdiction's population is 50,000 or more; or · You are applying for an innovative community policing grant with funding of $1 million or more; or · You do not have an established law enforcement agency and wish to establish one; or . · You represent a special law enforcement agency, such as transit, housing, university, school or natural resource police. PART 2 1. List any fiscal, budgetary or other limitations on your department's ability to address the public safety needs listed in Question 1, Part 1, of the Community Policing Information Worksheet, without Federal assistance: Fiscal limitations: Budgetary limitations: Other limitations: 2. How does your community policing plan fit with other statewide and local crime prevention and control plans. including stat_ide Byrne Grantllrategies? CDorrIillllkd P.rtullly FIIUy CDorrIIIIIIIN 0 S .. Staerw.de Byrne Gnnt ltralielY 0 m b Other 1taWW1de Itta~ ell 0 c. Local c:nme prt"\'ft'tIOl'I plans m 0 d. Local c:nme control pIAN 11 3. Briefly list other governmental or community initiatives that complement or will be coordinated with your plans under this grant: 4. Indicate cwnt and anticipated ongoing community support for your community policing efforts, such as financial support or in-kind contributions: Current Anticipated G3 C] a. Programmatic support from the community C] ~ b, Financial support from the community C] C] c. Other community support: C] C] d. Sought or obtained private financial support 5. Indicate the impact that receiving the requested resources or increasing the number of officers will have on other criminal justice agencies in your jurisdiction: Minimal Major No Impact Impact Impact C] C] [J a. Prosecutor's office C] m C] b. Public defender's office C] ID C] c. Local/ state correctional agencies C] C] ell d. Other public criminal justice agencies C] C] C] e.Other private criminal justice agencies If you anticipate any major impact on any of these agencies, please briefly describe thaI impact belo.... ~ mu", 10 l: 5 DrpAnment oI1USb<< Ofhao of Communal}' Onented roh(1n~ Sen'K'r!o (COrsI 1100 ~....onl A\'enue. NW Wuhlngton. OC Z05JO 12 -- - .. Paperwork Reduction Ad Notice The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to be up to eight hours per response, including the time for reviewing instmctions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding the burden of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.s. Department of Justice, 1100 Vermont Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20530; and to the Public Use Reporting Project, Office of Management and Budget, Washington, DC, 20503. . You are not required to respond to this collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control number for this collection of information is 1103-27, expiration May 2001. Guidance regarding financial and administrative aspects of the grant process may also be obtained by consulting the Office of Justice Programs' Financial and Administrative Guide for Grants, which is available at no cost from the U.S. Department of Justice Response Center (1-80j)-421-6770). .. . ~ ----... ............ 13 DUBUQUE POllCE DEPARTMENT COPS in SCHOOLS GRANT PROGRAM NARRATIVE ADDENDUM PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION: General Problem: At the present time the Dubuque Police Department employs one full-time School Resource Officer, (SRO) who provides service to twenty-six schools in the connnunity: four high schools, three junior high schools and nineteen elementary schools. Approximately twelve thousand five hundred, (12,500) students attend school in the Dubuque connnunity. 'The goals of our SRO program are to provide education to the students concerning safety and legal issues; develop positive relationships between students and law enforcement; address COmm'l1lity problems both in and around the school properties; assist juvenile court services officers combat truancy; gather intelligence and enforce the law. This is a monumental task for several officers to accomplish much less one. Simply stated, our lone SRO spends the majority ofhis workday traveling from one school to the other "putting out fires." Due to his tremendous workload, he is unable to sufficiently address the problems of individual schools or their students. One of the key goals of our program is educating and interacting with the students. Because of the ever- increasing caseload, our SRO has been forced to reduce the number of classroom talks he bas provided in the past. In addition to the reduction of the number of classroom presentations, the SRO bas also reduced the number of hours he is present in the schools by compressing his program and presenting his material to several classes at one time. The interaction between the SRO and the students bas been severely hampered as a result of this measure. The SRO spends the majority ofhis time addressing the following problems in the schools: narcotics, truancy, thefts and assaults of both students and teachers. The SRO also addresses issues that arise with neighbors surrounc!ing the schools such as: loitering, fighting, littering, tobacco vioJations, parking and other traffic related problems. AdditionaIly, the SRO assists the police department's records management division with processing and maintainmg juvenile records. This task includes: expunging records as directed by law, removal of records of subjects who reach adulthood, reviewing juvenile complaints and affidavits, and reviewing monthly and annual juvenile offender statistic reports. The SRO is a liaison between the police department and the County Attorney's office, and ensures the County Attorney's staffbas all of the necessary reports and related paperwork as they prepare for juvenile hearings. He is also the liaison between Juvenile Court Services and the police department and coordinates with them on a myriad of juvenile matters. The SRO also processes and rrumJlges approximately four hundred fifty, (450) annual juvenile missing persons records for the police department. The SRO works very closely with Hillcrest Family Services, a community based youth sheher, in maintainmg records of all of their residents who are on in-home supervision. Due to budget constraints, we have been unable to supplement the SRO program with additional officers. The shortage of personnel bas hampered our ability to achieve all of the goals of our program. The addition of two officers would enhance our program at the junior high and high school level and would provide much more opportunity for interaction between the SRO's and the students. We believe that this interaction is an essential element in achieving one of the primary goals of community policing and that is to prevent crime before it occurs. Specific Problems/Justification: (See Tables 1& 2) Assault: Between January I, 1997 and April 26, 2000, the SRO and officers of the Dubuque Police Department conducted three hundred fifteen, (315) crimes versus persons investigations on school property with the vast majority of those cases being assaults. What is particularly alarming is that during that same time frame, there were one hundred forty-eight, (148) assaults on teachers or teacher aides. The Dubuque Police Department began keeping specific statistics on teacher assauhs in 1997. In that year, thirty-one teachers were assaulted. In 1999, the number of assaults on teachers rose to forty-seven, (47) and in 2000, thirty-eight, (38) teachers have been assaulted. With five months of school left in the year 2000, it is more than likely that we'll set another record for teacher assaults this year. Additionally, during the same time frame, the SRO and officers of the department have responded to four hundred eighty-eight, (488) disturbances in or on school property. There can be little doubt that the learning environment is seriously disrupted if students and teachers don't feel safe while attending and instructing at our schools. If grant flmrling is awarded and we're able to provide additional staffing to the SRO program, we're confident that the increased presence ofSRO's in the schools will reduce the J:WIDber of assaults for both teachers and students. Wrth increased police presence in the schools, the number of disturbances will also decrease because the SRO's will have a better handle on conflicts that are developing between students and will have the opportunity to mediate problems before they erupt into physical altercations. In keeping with the trend nationally, during the past two years, the SRO has responded to several complaints within the schools in which a student or students have threatened to kill mass numbers of students and/or teachers in a similar fushion to the school tragedies that have occurred in the United States since 1990. In May 1999, rumors ofa mass shooting at one of the local high schools disrupted the majority of an entire week of classes and approximately half of the school population did not attend school on the specific day that the shooting was to occur on. The SRO and school officials worked diligently investigating the rumor and discovered that it began as a result of a conflict between two groups. Fortunately, no shooting took place but the SRO was unable to provide service to any of the other schools of the community during that week. Truancy: Education is one of the cornerstones necessary in becoming a contributing, successful and responsible citizen. Children can't be educated if they're not attending school Some children of our community do not attend school because they are unsupervised during the early morning hours and simply choose not to attend. Others are absent from school at the request and consent of a parent who needs assistance with child care of the student's siblings or is absent from the home as a result of other personal problems. At the present time, the SRO is unable to effectively address the truancy problem in the schools because ofhis workload. Officials of the Dubuque Community School District and Juvenile Court Services report that they have worked with one thousand thirty, (1030) elementary school children and their families between 1997 and 2000. The children selected for counseling were those who were deemed to be frequently truant. At the junior high and high school level, four hundred ninety-one, (491) students have been counseled during the same period. School and Juvenile Court officials report that the number of students who are truant is much greater but they only have the time and resources at the present time to address the most serious cases. If grant funding is received, the newly established SRO team will partner with officials of the school district, juvenile court services, other commtmity groups and the parents of the students and initiate a plan to significantly reduce the number of children who are truant each year. Narcotics: Between January 1, 1997 and April 26, 2000, officers of the Dubuque Police Department received and reported seventy-six, (76) pieces of intelligence information that pertained to criminal activity on one of the twenty-six school properties located in the City of Dubuque. Fifty-seven, (57) or 75%, oftbose intelligence reports dealt with suspected narcotics activity by students ranging from simple possession to distribution. During the same time frame, the SRO and other officers of the Dubuque Police Department conducted one hundred fifty-two, (152) narcotics investigations on school property. The SRO estimates that the narcotics related intelligence reports and actual narcotics cases investigated do not accurately reflect the breadth of the narcotics problems in the schools. Theft: Between January I, 1997 and April 26, 2000, the SRO and officers of the Dubuque Police Deparbnent have investigated three hundred twenty-nine, (329) crimes versus property complaints on school property, with the vast majority oftbose cases being thefts and criminal mischiefto property. Many of the thefts occur during normal school hours with personal items being stolen from student lockers and also from their motor vehicles parked in the school parking lots. Neighborhood Problems: Between January I, 1997 and April 26, 2000 the SRO and officers of the Dubuque Police Department have responded to seven hundred fifteen, (715) complaints from neighborhoods located immediately adjacent to the schools. These complaints range from suspicious activity to traffic problems. One of the goals of our SRO program is to create partnerships with residents of those neighborhoods and attempt to resolve some of the chronic problems that they are experiencing. If grant fhnding is awarded, addressing the problems in those neighborhoods will be a high priority. COMMUNITY POLICING STRATEGIES: The Dubuque Police Department espouses a community policing philosophy and has enjoyed tremendous success by creating partnerships with various individuals, groups and members of the business community, to solve problems and reduce the tear of crime and social disorder. Because all of the schools in the community are located in residential areas, the SRO and school officials find themselves responding to complaints from neighborhood residents on a regular basis. The complaints stem from students loitering in the neighborhood befure and after schooL While congregating, the students engage in disruptive behavior such as fighting and littering. State law proluDits children under the age of eighteen from smoking or using other tobacco products, yet numerous complaints are received from neighbors that the students are smoking as they loiter. The SRO has been sensitive to the complaints of the neighbors and has worked with them by conducting early morning and late afternoon surveillance of the locations where the students have been known to congregate. As a result, during the 1998-1999 school year, the SRO issued two hundred twelve, (212) tobacco violation citations to students loitering in neighborhoods adjacent to the high schools and junior high schools. The number of complaints of students loitering has been reduced since this enforcement initiative was undertaken. Wrthin the school setting, the SRO partners with school officials, juvenile court services officers, social service agencies and parents to help identify and correct discipline, truancy and other emotional and behavioral problems of students. The SRO conducts both individual and group counseling sessions with students, parents and school officials to remedy conflicts that occur during school hours and to assist them with problems that may be occurring during non-school hours. In 1999, the SRO, school officials and juvenile court services officers initiated a pilot program titled "Connecting To Our Y ou!h." The program was designed for families of elementary age children who are experiencing difficulties with their child's behavior. Such difficulties include but are not limited to: opposition to school and cOmmlmity rules and delinquent activity in the home, school or COmmllnity, which has warranted police involvement. Some of the benefits of the program are: it helps build communication between the parent and child; offers different approaches to old problems; provides quality fimilly time; provides time for parental networking and empowers parents to enforce rules of the home. The program has been a tremendous success thus far. Our SRO participates in this program on an overtime basis. At the present time the SRO also coordinates alcohol, shoplifting, and tobacco diversion programs in which students are instructed on the perils of shoplifting and the use of addictive substances. If the students cooperate with the program, any criminal charges that had been filed on them as a result of the shoplifting or consumption and/or possession of the addictive substances are di~mk....,j. Our SRO personally conducts the shoplifting and tobacco diversion programs on an overtime basis. OUALITY and LEVEL or COMMITMENT to PROGRAM At the present time, the Dubuque Police Department commits one full time officer to the SRO program and one full time and several part-time officers to the Drug Abuse Resistance Education, (DAR.E.) program. The Police Department is steadfust in maintaining our partnership with the schools of our community and has done the best that we can, considering our budget constraints, in ti.lfilling this mission. We are committed to expanding and enhancing our partnerships not only with the schools, but also other community agencies, if grant funding is awarded. Additionally, we have received a commitment from the schools of the community to assist us in 1\)JIlIiY1g the additional SRO positions both during and following the grant period. Our intent is to maintain three, full-time SRO's after the grant period expires and expand the program as required in the future. The partnership and problem-solving element of our community policing philosophy within the schools is not limited to the SRO. The patrol, admini~ion and criminal investigation divisions of the police department also provide supplemental assistance to the schools and the SRO on a regular basis. Between January I, 1997 and April 26, 2000, officers of the Dubuque Police Department assisted the SRO, on two hundred eighty-two, (282) occasions. Another example of this supplementala,.,poztan('.e occurred during the 1998-99 school year when a new street gang called the "Eastsiders" was formed and began recruiting junior high students. Our full time DARE. officer and a corporal as.'ligJ'ed to intelligence and planning and research conducted the investigation of the gang, its origin and its recruitment efforts. These officers conducted counseling sessions with known and suspected members and their parents. The successful interdiction by these officers has all but eliminated the presence and criminal activity of the Eastsider's gang. At the present time, the junior high and high schools comprise 20% of the total number of schools in the Dubuque community yet the SRO spends almost 35% ofhis time handling matters such as counseling, conducting investigations and other miscellaneous duties at those schools. It's clear from the data that there is a critical need for more law enforcement presence in the junior high and high schools. If grant fjITllIing is awarded, the Dubuque Police Department will intensi1Y our presence and involvement in the junior high and high schools. Peer pressure becomes especially pervasive as children reach the junior high and high school level and we are committed to provide more attention and service to this group of students than we have in the past. The majority of the complaints that the Dubuque Police Department receives from neighborhoods located adjacent to the schools in the community, are generated from those neighborhoods geographically situated by our junior high and high schools. The plan we envision is to assign two SRO's to work in the junior high and high schools on a full-time basis. Their tasks will include but not be limited to: investigation of criminal complaints within their a.....igTIed schools; partner with school officials in developing educational programs; develop a plan for combating truancy; commit time at each school site for positive interaction with students, and develop strategies to relieve the problems that currently plague the neighborhoods located adjacent to the schools, such as parking and other traffic related problems, loitering, littering and teen smoking. In effect, the SRO's will treat each school as a "community within a community" and will endeavor to solve problems with their partners, i.e., school officials and members of the community, by utm7ing innovative problem solving tactics. Our plan will also commit one full-time SRO to the el_tary schools. By concentrating primarily on those schools, the SRO will be able to focus all ofhislher attention on the problems associated with st11<kPtS attending those schools. The commnnity policing philosophy practiced at the junior high and high schools will also be practiced at the elementary schools. The SRO l'",,,ignp.d to the elementary schools will partner with school officials to: develop additional educational and saiCty programs; create a proactive response to the truancy problem; develop a consistent and well supervised crossing guard program; create additional opportunities for positive interaction with the students by scheduling more time to be physica11y present at the various school properties, and create partnerships with members of the community to resolve problems that occur in the neighborhoods located adjacent to the schools. It should also be noted that every elementary school in our community that has received the services of our SRO has requested more ofbis time. Having one SRO commit the majority ofhislher attention to the . e1ementary schools would be extremely beneficial to our commnnity. A crisis in a school fiIcility can be quite disruptive to the 1earning environment. Another benefit of expatvlB1g our SRO program is that in the event of such a crisis, we would be able to dispatch three officers who have specialized training in addressing school issues and working with school age children, to any school site within the community. This rapid response capability would enable us to assess a problem in a timely manner, identifY and meet with our partners to formulate a plan to resolve the crisis, and initiate the implementation of the plan, all in a relatively short period of time. LINK to COMMUNITY POLICING: Recogrn-nn8 that each junior high and high school is a community in and of itself; we believe that increasing the number ofSRO's in those schools is the next logical step in our community policing efforts. The schools are governed by an administration, maintain their own support staff and each day a large number of people gather there to learn, teach and work. The community policing philosophy practiced by the Dubuque Police Department partners with all agencies within our city gO,"",unl",...t to address crime, social disorder, and quality of life issues within our comtn1mity. The Police Department fosters and maintain.. partnerships with landlords, neighborhood associations, the offices of probation and parole and a myriad of other social service and criminaljustice agencies to assist us in problem-solving efforts. If grant funds are awarded, they would enable us to increase police assets not only within the schools but the comtn1mity at large, and provide a greater opportunity for our agency to positively affect the lives of school age children in a forum other than the criminal justice system. The goal of our SRO program is to utilize partnerships to solve problems and reduce crime and social disorder in our schools and the comtn1mity. We strive to provide a safe and secure school community SO that all of our students have the best opportunity to develop into responsible and contnbuting members of society. This proactive approach to problem solving will greatly reduce the problems we are experiencing in our schools and would ease the burden of administrators and educators in dealing with these problems and allow them to focus their efforts on the education of the students. The opportunity for students, parents, schooladmini!ltrators, teachers and community members to meet and interact with a police officer in a non-confrontational manner provides the basis for solid partnerships to be built. Oftentimes, young people do not have the opportunity to know an officer as an individual thus limiting the officer's ability to be a role model or mentor for them. If grant funds are awarded, our agency will be able to create additional SRO positions that will create more opportunity for SRO's to serve as mentors and role models fur the students. Besides being a high profile law enforcement officer, the SRO is a resource for students, parents, teachers and school administrators in issues regarding the law. The addition ofSRO assets would enable the SRO to work closely with these groups, develop partnerships, and work toward a unified goal of finding solutions to the problems affecting our schools. The SRO program acts as a bridge between the school community and the neighborhoods in which our schools are located. If grant funds were awarded, it would allow our SRO program to reach further into those neighborhoods and foster stronger partnerships. Those partnerships can then be utilized to address problems C"l1~ by students in those neighborhoods. This proactive style of policing will surely improve the quality of life in those neighborhoods. Furthermore, the creation of these partnerships will undoubtedly have a positive impact on the safety and security of the school comnnmity located within the neighborhood If grant funds were awarded, the SRO's would be afforded more time to foster relationships and build trust with students. It is through these relationships that students share information with the SRO's on gang and drug activity, alcohol and tobacco use and other criminal and non-criminal matters. Children affected by substance abuse, gang activity and crime in the community will be carrying the burden of those stressors into the school environment. The effects of those stressors will be manifested in many ways but ultimately will negatively affect the students, educators and administrators of the school community. In utilizing fostered partnerships, problems specifically related to the school can be adequately identified and addressed. The problem-solving goal of the SRO is to take the lead in bringing the affected partners together. The problem will be routinely and specifically investigated and then precisely and accurately descnDed and broken down into specific aspects. Conditions causing the problem will be identified and considered. The methods developed to handle the problem must be understood and its limits of effectiveness must be openly acknowledged in order to find the best response. A proactive response to the problem will then be developed and implemented. The SRO will monitor the response and adjust it as needed. This problem-solving model is the Iuolltrulrk of the comnnmity policing philosophy of the Dubuque Police Department and has been quite successful in reducing the number ofhigh impact calls. The reduction of fear of crime and social disorder in our community is directly attnbuted to our problem-solving efforts. We are confident that the application of problem solving strategies in our schools will have the same effect that it has had on our community in general. The SRO can provide immediate communication to Juvenile Court Services and social service agencies regarding a particular student's behavior during school hours. The SRO can also assist those agencies in comrmm;.."ting the special needs and concerns of students to the school community. Lastly, the SRO can link other Police Department partners to the school community to address specific problems or other special concerns such as street maintenance, zoning issues, animal control and property owners. CONCLUSION: We believe that the documents that we have furnished in the COPS in Schools Grant Application, not only demonstrates our need for additional SRO resources, but that we do espouse a community oriented policing philosophy within our community. We're not satisfied with resting on our 1aurels however and we continue to seek opportunities to broaden the application of the COP philosophy. It is our belief that the next 1ogica1 step is to commit additional resources to our SRO program to enable us to teach the principles of partnerships and problem solving to the future leaders of the Dubuque comrrnmny, our students. A COPS in Schools Grant award will go a long way in helping us accomplish this worthy goal. (TABLE 1) DUBUQUE POLICE DEPARTMENT SCHOOL PROPERTY CALLS FOR SERVICE (1997-2000) 1997 1998 1999 2000* Crime v. Person 101 62 108 44 Crime v. Property 102 93 101 33 Neighborhood Comp.* 193 224 234 64 Disturbances 153 165 143 27 Narwtics 40 48 45 19 Assist SRO* 87 82 82 31 MlsceUaneo!ls* 35 30 27 10 *2000 stats are limited to January 1 to April 26 *Neighborhood complaints consist of suspicious activity and or traffic complaints adjacent to the school property. · Assist SRO reflects the number of calls generated by patrol, criminal investigations or administration personnel who were called to a school to assist the SRO with an investigation. .Miscellaneous reflects calls that were generated such as warrant arrests, missing persons reports, etc. that were conducted on school property. (TABLE 2) DUBUQUE POLICE DEPARTMENT SCHOOL RESOURCE OFFICER CALLS FOR SERVICE and ANNUAL ACTIVITY (1997-2000) 1997-'98 1998-'99 1999.'00 Students Connseled 125 177 249* Classroom Presentations" 147 176 194* Tobacco EnfoRement 211 212 82* *2000 stats are included up to 04-26-00 "Over 100 classroom presentations were eliminated between the 1996-'97 school year and the 1997-'98 school year Crime v. Person mz 55 1998 40 1999 62 ~ 48* Crime v. Property 26 20 35 12* Miscellaneous 20 27 24 17* *2000 stats are limited to January 1 to April 26. ..~...;..'. ~ .~ u :.= ~ -0 " ~ u '" ~ 'J; :go ::'i:- i"1 E8 '" Q.,-- ~\' 0 ." .... '" u g,~ '" '" .~ '" V'l I .. I I ! I .. i ., :> o H ~ '" '" . g.~d f: o...ac '" 8-- ~ 0'::: " u '" o ~ c: ;;...Oj~ ",,8-0 - 1j ~ li ~ ~ (l. "'.. '" > '" ~ ~ ~ 0.. . 3 8 ~ 0 8.5<"<:: ::::: '" il! 0 ff '" ~ '~';J ~ ~ ~ '" :a Q., OJ. lii -0 3 .s ~ 0 -- , ..<:: ....=-- ..2~o ,.:g 0.0.... 'Zl'E~ '" '" a -0 !l ~ ~[l:! '" '" :J !! .. ij ..~ c: "'il '" ~ '" -5 "" 0.0 ~g;@ .~ Q., ~ 81.. Q.,..c ..c ll"@ l!l . i'i' '" ~-5 8 8 !3 ::sl ~ 0 .... .W.~~ 8 ~ 0 .~ Q.,.~ '" ~, -o.s li a '" Q., rg.1j . ~ 0 . ~ a e!':>-5 o ~ ~ ~ 0 '" "" 8 Q.,N 8liJ Q.,(l. .S . B :> ~j ~.5< Q., ~::::: .~ 0 ~ "@ .~ ~ il ~ r J! .... .@~ ~..a~ .OJ -g I=: .~ ~ ;; 5 V'l o o ..., o ..., M o <Xl H Q- If ..s -0 .", :~ '" S ~ ~ ... c: '" 13 ... .... ., '" '" A '" u ..... ..., o '" '" " C' " '" " A J B :.= Q., ~ ~ '" 0.0 --~ o..c c~ E ~ t:: '" '" '" ~..<:: - ~ Cl 0 . ~ V'l .... ::l~ J! ~ ~ ~ 8 u ..g :> '" ~ ::c 0 io;i! > . "'0 .~ ~ c:0 ON .~ g .... . ~ s .= to ~j o.o~ ]~ ~ . 8 ~ .S ~ 8< .~ ~ .:(!~ ~~ r~ w~ ~<5 0.0 ~~ ~.s_ ~:W~ B~C. llE~ !9 6!l3 ~ d'~ "@ ~ ., ~--o .~ ~ 5 8g'" o..C? .1:;j :>-..... ~ l;! S a 1-0':;2 o '" '" .~ ~.u ~ d 8: O .. '" :S~~ il 0.. S i~1l ~.~] ~..2,.5 :l ~ u '" C -5.g -- :> O,.c -e 'S '" C '" 0 .... u ...s '" ..~ '" 0 0_ u C. ~e u '" 5i ~v =.5 '" .. e 8 '" 0 ~-o i ~ ~ 11 ~- ",'" .... .; ,S '~ !lbl:> .. '" !l .. u '" c:;..... u 0-0 'l:l.5.~ !;l ""fi E :3 0 2..!l= .....~~ - .. Ii I I I - ~ ~ - III ! I:: J!!I I , .... '" u ~ ~ ~ .... ~ ~ ... i - ~ l:! ~ !3 u I 0.. ~ ~ l;! -5 " ~.~ ~::t::: '" 0 ..11 ~t '" l:! ~ '" ..c If .s 1j .... '" ~ ~ ~~ ~ '" '" ~ ..c -- o #- "I '" o . M M - -i' V'l '" ~ ~ ] [ ~ ] l:! 8 '" 8 'f !t o "" 1! ~ '" u '" ;;; ~ .S :a 0" ~ t': ~ !t :d#--a~ ~~ ~ ""e lr) c.r.-. II) Q) 0 ~ ~ ff~ oj ~.E. ~ ~ -0 ~ ~ ff"5.s ~ d ~ S g ~ ~ ~ ~ :"-g ~ 5.g a ~ >-. QJ U _ U :J ~ (\l !3.s E 0 ~ ~ 8 - v l:! cg.5 'so !>.. C !3 ~ a 5's "'8 8. l:! l:l ..... ~ 5 !: !3'w 0 =- ~ ~ !3 l:::.s 8 5 8 c.13 8 ~ 5 -c Jl~.. ;;...'",,,,,"" L:..Q e l:l :11 ~ J! '11::=l ')i ~ B..Ii! ~'~'i3 u t!at!"'oc6"'O"t Jl ~ '" "" '" 8 u.g " !3 '" '" I.S 1-0 IS !U ~ ...... a.. a~S..2Bg~AO'OO~ ":: ":: l!l.\!l l!l'~:;'g l!l l!l J!l c 888~8~~8888~ "I "' 0 ...'" 0 ...,'" o ..., a- ...... ooC"") ..., #-#-0" 0"#-0"0"#-0"0"0" ....; ~ ~ l-o .;! 0-- -- 1j :l '" ",..c 8 '" 0.0 .'=1 C -- 'C 1j-- ~.... '" ~ .8~ __ OJ Ii 0..", ~ ~ __..c 0.... ]~ . ~ ];:~:~ OO~ ~~ ):.. .. .. .. NlJ"'l .....-l M "I"" ..., a- a- ..... "" 0"""" '" --- ~-wrt.....,.............. .~ -- 1j '" ~ .~ "" ] '" i:- U .~ ~ V'lB.5 :11ij-5 u~.. ~ * ~ .>> cg ., _Po< o..e' l:!>> '" ~ '" u 8 !::.oo ~ !U = o~ ~C::~a.r:-o .5 .g j !:! ~ ~::c.... .... '" !3..-"l'j:j ~ .;;.l:!.l:! ;:j~~~~r66 -- .~ J!l 1j '" "'~ ~l I-i' g~ ~ ~ ~ g ~ - l ~ .... .... :t .... e .,; .. i!l .ll '8 ~ j ~ 11 .. .!l ..!l o ~ .g ~ a o ." :a .. i!l o .~ I! Po< J '" >. ", == ~ <J i:l ~ .. c. ..g ... = ~ j ~ e:-1l ..!!l:S :: 0 li ~1 " == ..-.,.'It) .U 1S..s ii ,g~ l! ~ ... .. IS ~ ~ .... ~ c. " ;0 " 1 .:;.. ~ ~ / , 5 ~ '" " j ... o # - J - - , :>. J J ") J -' -' ) . N co <'1 . <t <'1 .... N~ ~'" ~ " . ~ "'l:Q 8- ~~ ~[ !-=~ ~ ~l ~J! ~c N~ J , ,. , ) , J J ~ 7 ~ ~ ~ il J.. "J ~ ... ..2 .~ ~ .~ :-to ~ * 0 ~ 1 .5 '" " .!l ~#! ~~ 1 ""0 lI"l u'" 'Ct) u ~ ~~rf ,dj. E: " " !!P..c fl . 0 "ll E; 0 ~ 5.5 u:: . 8 ~ g 1i ~ Z ~ 1l] ~.5 ; ~ >-,uu_u~;S..c~3f 8 g ~:- ~ -u ~ ~ t~: .e- >'.5 ~ !3'~'0 t:: e ~ ~ 8.s ~ 5 g ==.a 8 ~ cf ~ ~ 1 ';,;"u ~ ~ ~ _~...9 e-d :1i il"<:: rf::El ~ ~ B ~ ~.c..~ g~l ~18 8 5 ~ ~ ~~ ~... 08 0 == ~]......... 8- Ja..s ~ >. l-' ,0 ~ 'S 0 0 0 ..., ~~fl'2fl~::;;;==flfl:lg 888~8~Jl8888~ of' ": ..... ..... ..... N o o ~r r ~. N ... .. ~ ... II c:: ..e.. II fl ..., ~1" l! J!~ .. .. ~~ :.s !l C$Q.. ~.i .. .. e-.. ..., :; ...., ON ]~ ..... a- <'1 ..... "'0 . . '" 0 ..... '" .... ... II c:: ,fj l! " .. ==!:Q ....., ~ !; .i.; ~ .. _Vl DN ~ ~ ::l 'E ~ >. 1! ~ <J i:l ~ .. c. ..g [ j ~ e:-1l ..!!l:S :: 0 li ~1 " == .. V) u 1S..s ii .g~ l! ~ ... .. a ~ ~ .... ~ c. ~ '" " j ... o # ;1 .... ~~ ~Vl ~ " . ~ ...l:Q ,,- .!.l ~ ~:J ~! ~a ~ ~ ~< ~ c ~~ ... ..2 .~ ~ .~ ~ ~ " 0 5 "'"d '6 ; .5 '" " .!l ~ j ~~ ~ -.D#c. ~~ ;> ""0 U"\ v (I) u ~ .. ... OJ) " ~ E: ~...; ~ qj j..c. .0 "1l ~ 0 rf 5 .5,ij d <J~" ~ oQ)uZ~'~~o ~ == 1i" 0 1l " ".., . >",U u_u""'C~..c nI bl) !1 0 ; ~ 8 ..a -u C cg.5'~ t:: == !3 '" ; <J 5 S "~.~ .~~.5~ !3'~'0 ~ ~~~. a t:: -s ~ 5 g =='EJ 8 ~ c ~ ~ 1 ';,;"Q) ~ ~ ~ _~...9 E 13 :1i ~<J ..<:: rf~ l!f t! B..l! ~.c..~ g 1l~1l"'o==6!!3t: '" . ~ ,Q ~ 8 ~.g ~ = g' .. l-o'-<oUoc:>::I'-'-......g.. Ja...a .... >......g J:s 0 0 0 0 ~~:l'2:l.....-:==:l:l:l== 888~8~Jl8888~ '" O<tN ..... ..... ..... N o o ~+ ~. ..; ... .. ~ ... II c:: ..e .. II 5 "'., o .. ~2f c::..., l!"" J!': .. .. ~::l :.s !l t;Q. ~ ~ -e.. .. .. c... ..g :; ....., 0... ]~ N 1 co a- o ..... <t "'..... . '" ... ... ~ j~~ ~or ~~~ ~~ <11." 0 ("1,.... 0'\ :J:.. .. .. \0 ...... ...... lI"\ N..... ..... ............ ........4II't4l4"""'......... ~_ . ~ ~ cg '" == _ :> 0 ~c","" ,fj :'j~ ~8~~g,fj~ ~ I:: (I) 0 O"'CI 2!-= ==..s....e.:>::"" ....., ..s .~:J a ~ t:: ~... ~!; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 a .i .; ~~ 'E... ~"~ ::l 'E ~ ### ######## , or ~ $U~rr ~~ ............ ~.... 4IiI't ~.............,.. 1 i " ,.. cg "'01_ i!l:1i.<J~ .- <J '6 ... 0 " !!:f'~:l:! l:Q .~ ~ ] . ~ ~ cg '" == _ " 0 Q..1:! ~ I=Q " 8 ~~ g 5 ~C"'OO"" a=(Ue-'"'g.~~ ..s "g:J a ~ I:: ... ~ ~~~~~~a~ ### ######## "f i (/)~..s .. :1i '6 .s ,ij'g.!l<; !!:f'~:l:! l:Q .~ ~ ] " .... & .-.:- " u :::: o 'i:: i '3 0" <I) ,m ~ ~ :Q .z.. >-. .c '" " o co ;:; S- "'! I ...-: ~ a ~1 a 0 ..8 '10 '0 N oi>t9 ,,- ~c: ].g ~! a.t '0 " ..c-s 'O~ 1 .9 " '" 3 ~ ~ ~ " s ~ lS ~ 'e .!l ~ 0 ~ cu 0..,..,'" u e li' ~ ~u .= m ~ ~'e F._ Ci e::t: 0.. Ci 0.9 1'~ ~ ~!r 1i!:.B B e g. ~ < u 0 :l ~..c ~:.a lS '=J 6 B ,,'~ l~J3 ~. (3~ ~ ~ N.,ll] ~ 1;;B ~ ~~ ~ z; . it .Q ,>, " "t: 3! ..0 ~ ~ !J 1 ~ ~ " .... .\.l 1:l ,!'l ::t: '004 "'fi o :::::= w ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ i ,~ 1! .m l l;j ~ ~ .... ~~~ 8. ~1!l1i ~ ... " g,.\.l..c -5~~::a'O 1~ ~~1 8.e8.~" a:E a'~ ~ ..8 g..8 a. ~ ....... u.... u cu ~,~ ~ -s -s ~...-:"....>-. 9~1.B~ c: .... c: ~ c ~~~tt ~..8 ~..8..c ..s >-..s..s..s .~ ~,~.~ ~ ~~~~~ J ~ ~ ~, - , II ~ u " c: -s 0 ':1 ... :l 0..0 ~'S " c: " 0 .... u .B <I) ,~ ~ o 0 up' ~e u " c:~ <I) :l ~v ... c: =.- <I) ... e g <I) 0 ~'"" ~1;: IOl C ~- ..j:l., ...l .; u .~ -s 0 .y l>Il ., .. .y .. u .. ;;;.... u 0'"" .~ = l>Il -.... c::: u <I).1t g ;; 0 i!!..!l= t-4~~ -, :. ~ " . .... " u ~ ~ ~ Po. .... <I) Po. ~. (3 .... >- 1l ~ u 'i:: ~ " ~ ~ ~ ~ .: ~.!l ~:::: "' 0 1] " ~ ~ " ..0 it' ..s ~ .... " ~[ .i' "' <I) j - o te, ... .i' '" " ~ r:l:l ] :h fj ~ 1 IOl <I) ] t J,j .... .B ,~ ~ .~ ~ 1 :<:l " ~ u :.a ,= te ~ -ii"- N ~ ca -Dte~ ~ ~ "'0 t.I) U U) u ~- l!.... co <I) ~ u...; C ""~..o. 0 " " 21'..0 e . "1l i5 0 I:: "'.= t;::: ,..l u~" ~ o l-! u Z ~'''..", ~ is !:l = R" 0 1l.!l "'0 - >."U v-v :!..c (lJ boD Ii 0 5 ~ 1:l ] y 'i:: t9.5 'J t:: c: 9 ~ U !:i !I " ...' ,~ >-.5 ~ 9'~'0 t:: ~ c: 9 ~ -S ~ 5 8 C:'S 8 ll'f II ~"'~'" _:<:l e."'.Q !I l' V> u cu '+t.... ... 0 .... g. t:: ~ ..c 21'"" -:3... lY E ~ . :.a 11::1 Ii! Cl c: "t: ,,'3'S ~ ~ ouo"oO"I:: V> "'" .Q u '0 ~ :l " " '"'... oU n r:: !t..o=''-'-....... g.. .B.B ... >-''' ,g ~ 'S 0 0 0 0 ......:3'8:3 ,,:;;; c: 1i!:3:l c aaa~a~'*(3(3aa~ Jl u :..E tetete '#.te?f!.?f!.te'#.tete ... ... ... """'............................ 1:l 1 ; V>~- ~:.a~ "'~f a - 1:l ~i ~ ,,>'i::~.Q S d cu -1-1 t9 .g,:j ~ J! ~ .... .... ~ ~ ~ 'ft ~ ~ J! ..s ;J~'*&!r?c:so ...: .... .. ~ II ....to:: .B " II e a..o u t'o ... c: tl: ..., ~... <1)- ..0 ... <I) .. ~~ :s s ...- c: Q, <I) i:' €~ .. "' ~<I) <I) "' '"" .. _..0 0_ ]~ ~ k ... ... II 1l'5 tl: c: <I) <I) c:r:l:l <I)..", r:l:l = u .. .g~ 1:1.<0 -'" .l!- ~ l; ~. 1i ~ "- q ~ >-. .:l :l !l ~ :g :::- " :l 3 ~ , ... " .!.l 8 J ~ p.. 1: ... ~. ~ C1. (3 " o. ,..; ~ z: I!l o 'J:! ~ I!l .... 1 1 ~ ~ ~ .. ~~ '" 0 1t ~ 4) "1:-.. rJ " ..o~ .fill ... .. ~~ ~p., ... ..E .l<l ~ .~ t: :-t:l 1: ~ 0 ~ 1 .5 '" " ..!l ~ ~ ""~ :E -DeEp.. ~~ 1: ""0 IJ) U ~ u ~ ~ "If: l:l.D U ~ l.l - ~ !i. rJ..o. 0 x cu --..0 .t3 . "13 i5 0 ~ 5.5 <.::: . 1l!';3 o1:luZ1:' -u!!~Hj!3 ~ t1 8......... 81 i ~.~ !3 r- ~ 0 ~ ~ 1l ..a u 'C 19.5' .e- ~.5 ~ ~.~.~ ~ ~ r 5 l:: -" ~ l<l 8 c:.a 8 ~ i t: ,,:El ~.= :-t:l ~ 0", ~(i~lUlU~'A -::-t::""O -::I ,u...c: ell,"" - ~ S " g.. p.. ~ .,. 11 ~ ~ '" -c l::'3 'c ~ ~ l~ 1 8 8.g ~ 8 g' t: 1-o1-o0UoC~=:S4.0""'''-~ oo~~.....o~rC5000.... ... ... 1 .~ - 0 WW~ ~..-c:~~~c: aaa~a~~(3aaa~ eEeEeE eEeEeEeEeEeEeEeE .... ... .. ~ ... II <:: ..E ... II e "'..0 o ... u bIl ... 1: <:: ." ~.... ...N ..0 ... ... .. ~~ :ES ="'6. ~... e- ..!! .. .. '" p.,... ~~ .......0 ON ]~ ..,.,...,.., ..,..,..,..,..,......,.... M..,. 1l 'f ~ en~..s "3'Y.s .12 g 'i:j (l ll~~:f I'Q .t ~ ] a cu ~::" ~c:~'C~! 19 ,S j ~ J! ~... ... -n fI...~ucu ~~~~~?66 II <:: II ~ <:: ... ~Il:l "-0 Il:l 1: ... .. bile- .13 ..!! ~.. '3~ ~ :; ~ '3 ~ i' ~ !3 u I!l o 'J:! u E I!l .... I .. p., ~ . !3 ~ ~ .. t-.~ ~::::: '" 0 1] " ~ rJ " ..o~ .fill .... .. ~ ~ ~p., ... ..E .!<l :E W ,~ t: :-t:l 1: ~ 0 :.6 1 .5 '" " ..!l ~ ~ ~~ :E -DeEp..~:,: 1: ""'C U') U "'... " !<l .. "': ell ,rJ e H _ ~ ~. rJ..o. 0 II " -..0 ~ . "'13 i5 0 ~ 5.5 <.::: . 1l!';3 o1:luZ1::.,,-ullE~!3 c:: x It) 0 ~ cu.a .. >-.uu-u~::s..o~ r !l 0 !; ~ 1l ..a u 'C 19 ,5 . l:: c: !3 '" !; u 5 ... " W' '~~,5 ~ !3'~'o ~ ~ ~ ": 3 l::.s ~ 5 8 C:'p u :;:. 'C eX ~11';.u~~.. ~-::~~~ (l ,u...c: ell,"" - ~ S J! E p.. ~ '0 11-g ~ -g t! IS c: .... ,,'3'6 ~ ~ ~ :> ~ 8 u.8 ~ g g'... .... '"' 08 0 c:: ~..o::3..............- 2t oo.....>-......otc 000..... ~ ": tl ~ :l'~ ~ os tl tl :3 g aaa~a~~8aaa~ eE'#eE '#eEeEeEeE'#'#'# ..; ... .. ~ ...ll <:: ..E... II e s..o u r:., ... 1: '5;s 1:", .! ... ... .. ~~ :ES ...- 1: p., ~~ .. .. eo... .., ~ .......0 0", J~ ... 1 ..,.,......... ..,...,...,......,........... ...... 1l l ~ " B 19 en .... "3' -" ~'g'i3~ 5~~:C I'Q .t ~ ] a .... ~t! ~ 1:'C~J c: .. " ... g.. 19 ,8 " ~ J! l:: ... ... -~~o""ucuu ~~~~~?66 II <:: II ~ <:: ... l!1l:l ~1l ... .. bile- .e..!! ~ .. -''3 ~ ~:; ~ '3 !2 ~ '" ... rJ ..0 ... o eE - N la :>':: ~ en " rJ I'Q ] ~ ~ ] J ~ '" ... j ... o eE - .... la :>':: ~ en " rJ I'Q ] ~ ~ ] J , ... " u ~ J ~ ... ~ t: (3 .... ~ :Q .r.. >-. ..Q '" " c ;,p ~ $. " '" :3 ~ -S .... o ~ ~ <.: " c " ..c -0 ; ~ " .~ << ~ '] ~? '" 0 ~ .5 ';J r iJ ::l ~ ~ o ~ II) .... S; ~. \(j ..8 ~ ~ ~ '0 \I - t:l l::: -S ~ c: c.. ..!<l.... Jf ~.8 ~. :'0 ,~ t.!- ...c:" Jl ~ -S "l;! .. ~ -S 8 !;'~ ~~ ~i' !ij ll!! .. c:" !!.5 :=:6 ..~ e c: ~ SO 'a .g Jj 0 !:l ~ !J 0 '" 0 ..c rEi is ~ ~ l ..g c: ~ "g .~ ~ r~ ~ ~.~ ~ 0 .... c.. iO.S ..g ~ (; U) :J~ ~~::] gl!!l. ~~ d ; J~'a !f. e'Og. 13' r!N~ -og l~~ ~~ ;> ...a t: ~ is ~ ? ~ 0:g~ _5 ~ '" iO ::.a 8...... -i'j 1i -5 l;j B e '.~ ~ '" ";., ~ ~] z ~.~:: .t'O ~ p..-~ j. g~~ ~8 ~. .. u..c: 0 a. f""a.... -B ';::: 9-~il~ ..; ~ o OJ ..c u ~ c.. ~ -i; -1l 'S: ~ ~ c.. ~ -S .5 g u ~ 1 a c u J! 3 g, ~ o ~ -S .... a u u \(j ..!l. c.. N c g'! :r:"O c: u'- u .. ..., u :g c: o~ ~.;;; u '" c: .. .. .... ~~ i";.:., .. u "0 c: ~ .. ..!l~ 00_ .5 r! '" .. .."0 g~ "0= .. l3 l~ ..ga :l = c: 5 r! ~ OIl", .. .. l3 ~ -5 0 '(SJ! Jl.:!l ;,.. =' c .. :l: ! e ...c: .. a.~ "0] .~.:~ c-~g e '" to e e ,..!. tI ~ !;;! il~o .. ti'~ ~=.,!.. -"= r! 00.. .. .. u "0 - . .. r! :l ~~:.a !! .. :l ....~ ft 8..!l 5 !Uf~ .. '" '" -5 .. !! ...c: .~ r:!-t ~ .u....:... e c ~ ~ ~ OJ ~ .. r:f .. C;obl) c....., .. :~ ~i so~ e c.... a~ 1~~' . a .,;-j!:: l!:r: OIl ~:r: .S :. ~ ~ .. (lo ~l ~~ ~ ~ c: ~ :. ~ ....-,.. ~~ ~~ = ~~ ~ "3 .l!l ~ ~ ~ o ~ -c .r '" ...; ::> ~ E-< Z ~ ..; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..... !:;; '" z ~ ~ '" =: ~ ~ ~ S ~ ~o ~Cl ~~ "'=: ~c.. 8~ ~~ 6~ li:E-< ~~ ~~ 0..... ~!:;; ~~ ~~ ~~ ~Cl ~~ ~~ on l .... .. ... ~ ~~ ~ -. ~ ... ..... u o. '" .... o .!<l -0 b.D 9 ~..c~!!_N uBeC:C;"" lU E U nl '8 :l ~1l~ 0..-; r..= 0.. u 5 a U U QJ..c' oC:I5~a 1t-~.15 8-5 ~g,1;,g", ~ ~ c:: ~.~ a .. '" .. :I .. -5 ......r:: 'a;:.:< .:;> ........ :I o ~ ~ boO ~ :J ~ '" ~ '" ~ 8" .. j .S "- 0 0 ;:, u u S _..g ~ 0 I: '" ~ ~ ~ '" ... , .. g,:q 0 1:.3 ~ 0 "" ~..... ~ 0 ~ g 0 g . _-.....u ..... ~ ~ '" '" -'" s'l ~ 5(5" N ...... ......... a a .. ~ l; o. ~ J;!-5~s,,- f'-o ... ... ... F f'-o ... ... ... ~......r:: ;:.:< l; o ~ '" ~ S .. --"- .. "e .;:.:< - c: I: ...r:: ~ S cQ ~ b.D~ '" ~ t.t. o.!<l ~.. >. -. """ g tf"\ ~~'0-. ..0 l;....- l; ~ -0 d3-5S..N ~~ ~'-"" ~ 1 1 .. c: >.o..;g,;:':<l; ~~ .~ ..0 II c: _.S~ '" ~~ ..., '" 'l; '0...8'" '" ~ ~ '" $ ~ :---::-- '" 1t- t; ~.~ ;).S \'i1~ ~ l; l; .. o' - I: ~ ...~ ...~ ... ~ ~ ...~ ...~ ~ -0 ~tl[~l~ ... c3 ..c '~j II) - QJ ~ ue "l;..o ~0..~-5~~ l;.. < S ~~ ~~ ~ j 1t-u ...~~ '" u.,.g C J ~~ ...... 1 1 i ~ ~.~ ~N.. N \.n\J) ~ N ~ ~-\'x) .... ~ ~ g,al:-~u ~ \(;J N N 1l3-5~;:':<~ ~ ~ .f) l; ~ l; ...~ ...~ ... ~ ...1J!. ...1J!. ... ~ j S I: -e .S .~ .t! .t!. g, .. .. '" ~ ~ i U "''''''C II 5 II) """" t.:: ..!:loa - ~ .. e .;)0.150.. cQ \.j) l:Q ~"B~a~Jl 1 \.c, 1 ~E~'O 5 ~ .i ~ ~ 1 .i .. ".. ~..o - -..3 - B ~ 1l g ~j 1 en ~ ~() <:lO " en ~ -'" ::t--~ ~ - -r: - o 0 ctl ~ l; ...r:: c:oo e;) ... ~ ~ .. ~ ,.!<l ~ o~~ ...~ ...~ u ...1J!. ...~ ~ ... a ... . 1:'" ... 0"1-5~'" ...r:: -5 1 ... .. .. II) c:: ~ >.,. .~ .g .g cfuo...c tt: o -5 u b.D-o 0 =3 l;1l J t: 1 ..... 'is '" tj ~ '.. a ~ cf 1i 9 lU II) u 0.. t.t. ~.. ~ ~ J .- .. '-j :I 0 ii ~ e-;:e <.:::~ 8 ~ 8 ~ ~ 0.. 0 o..(i U '() " 0 .. l; 8 a ~ Ii .. .. c: .. .. .. .. .... .. >. .. oS ... .. oS ~ 0_..0 b.D ..2 ..2 .. O"';~'3-og ~ E ~ ~ ~ iE!-5"':~ l:! I: ..a l:! -1 8 u ~ u 8 u . ~ c: l3 .. .. ~ 9 .8 0.. ~ .S .g ~ ~~ .i .~ ... 0 ~ ~ .~ ~ ! ! ] ~ ~'S ~ ..2"'..8j'" I J I '" ...- ~ ~e Jt Jt Jt .. .!l .. ~ ... -5.!Q 1l ~ J;! . ] a"g e j e c: ~ll~ "08- eli;t . E ~ l F.llE~~a rJ en ~.~"'d~ ] ~ at CI) ]! Ji e ~a;; ~ e ;t~ 0.. t.t. 0 .. l3 8- ~ ~ ~ .. Q ori It ~ ~ ::Q Cl.. >. .0 -0 " C .~ ~ . '~" :5- " .; -0 3 ~ * @ a il ... t! 0 ~ I-=" ... u ... ~ :. 0.. d: ... -s <: 0 1 ~ .g .. <: 0 '::3 ~ -E ... ~ r>:I ~ ... 0 -s '~ .... ., 0 8- r 1 ... ~ ~ ~ "8 -5 -0 '=:I .~ .. B ..e :l j 5 .. ~ '~ ~ ~ -0 ... Z ~ 0 -E I " 1:: '8 i~ ... 1 t ... u 0. g ~ <:, 0.. ~ ..8 ..... d en C>.. '" - .'-i\