Historic White Water Creek Bridge_Landmark NominationIOWA DEPARTMENT OF
WFMRSTAL
MARY TIFFANY COWNIE, DIRECTOR
STATE
HISTORICAL,
IOWAo
JI_ROMI IiIO\IPSON
Ar».IINIS] RAE
IO 1�7
MArnR W HARRIS
ADMINIS roR
600 E. Locust
Drs MOINES, IOWA
50319
T. (515) 281 -5111
F. (515) 282 -0502
CuLI uRALAFEAIRS.ORu
February 6, 2012
RECEIVED
12 FEB -6 PM 2:51
City Clerks Office
Dubuque, LA
Mr. David Johnson
Assistant Planner
City of Dubuque
50 West 13th Street
Dubuque, Iowa 52001 -4864
Dear Mr. Johnson,
TERRY E. BR uvs7AD, GOVERNOR
KM REYNOLDS, LT. GOVERNOR
Thank you for your letter of December 22 forwarding the landmark nomination for White Water
Creek Bridge as well as the additional information provided via phone January 17. We commend
the city of Dubuque for preserving the bridge and finding a new home for it.
I understand that the plan is to proceed with the National Register renomination of the bridge later
this year. It is our recommendation that the National Register nomination process precede the
landmark designation. Detailed information about the bridge's current integrity including setting,
location, feeling and association should be part of the National Register nomination and then can
be used to support the landmark nomination.
Meanwhile, if you have questions or if I can be of further assistance to your historic preservation
commission, please do not hesitate to contact me by mail at the address below, by phone at (515)
281 -6826 or by email at paula.mohr(a,iowa.gov.
Sincerely,
6( -1471A-,
Paula A. Mohr
Architectural Historian and Certified Local Governments Coordinator
Cc: Ralph Christian, Historian, SHSI
Planning Services Department
City Hall
50 West 1301 Street
Dubuque, IA 52001 -4864
(563) 589 -4210 phone
(563) 589 -4221 fax
(563) 589 -6678 TDD
planning@cityofdubuque.org
Masterpiece on the Mississippi
December 9, 2011
The Honorable Mayor and City Council
City of Dubuque
50 W.13th Street
Dubuque, IA 52001
RE: White Water Creek Bridge — Nomination for Landmark Status
Dear Mayor and City Council Members:
Introduction
The Historic Preservation Commission has reviewed a nomination to designate the
White Water Creek Bridge as a city landmark. The bridge has recently been relocated to
the Bergfeld Recreation Area and spans the pond. The historic bridge is in the final
stages of rehabilitation and will be a unique interpretive opportunity and a highlight of
the recreation area and park system. The bridge relocation and rehabilitation has been
undertaken with the assistance of State grants.
Background
The City currently has nine local landmarks: City Hall, Dubuque County Courthouse,
Four Mounds Estate, Julien Dubuque Monument, Mathias Ham House, Old Jail, Shot
Tower, William M. Black Steamboat, and the Carnegie Stout Public Library.
Discussion
In accordance with the procedures outlines in the Unified Development Code, the
Commission has conducted a public hearing for the White Water Creek Bridge
landmark nomination. There were no public comments.
After reviewing the enclosed supporting documents, the Commission concludes the
White Water Creek Bridge meets the criteria for designation and requests City Council
set a public hearing date and forward the enclosed ordinance and supporting
documentation to the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) for review and
comment.
The SHPO has thirty days to provide comment, at which time the City Council can
conduct the public hearing. After the public hearing the City Council may approve or
disapprove the ordinance to establish the White Water Creek Bridge as a landmark or
refer the nomination back to the Commission for modification.
White Water Creek Bridge Landmark Nomination Page 2
Requested Action
The Historic Preservation Commission respectfully requests City Council forward the
enclosed ordinance and supporting documentation to the State Historic Preservation
Office and set a public hearing date for the February 6, 2012 City Council meeting.
Sincerely,
David Klavitter, Chairperson
Historic Preservation Commission
Enclosures
cc: Marie Ware, Leisure Services Manager
F: \USERS\Djohnson \Council Items\CSPL signs HPC letter 11 21 11.doc
Prepared by: Laura Carstens. City Planner Address: City Hall, 50 W. 13th St Telephone: 589 -4210
Return to: Kevin Firnstahl, City Clerk Address: City Hall- 50 W. 1.3'" St Telephone: 589 -4121
ORDINANCE NO. 4 -12
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING TITLE 16 CHAPTER 10 (HISTORIC PRESERVATION) OF THE
CITY OF DUBUQUE CODE OF ORDINANCES, UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT CODE, BY
ADDING A NEW SECTION 16- 10- 7(B)(10) DESIGNATING THE WHITE WATER CREEK
BRIDGE AS A LANDMARK
Whereas, the Historic Preservation Commission has recommended an amendment to
Title 16 Chapter 10 (Historic Preservation) of the City of Dubuque Code of Ordinances
designating the White Water Creek Bridge as a landmark; and
Whereas, the City Council concurs with the designation of the White Water Creek Bridge
as a landmark in accordance with the provisions of Title 16 Chapter 10.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
DUBUQUE, IOWA:
Section 1. That Title 16 of the City of Dubuque Code of Ordinances, Unified Development
Code, Chapter 10 is hereby amended by adding the following new section:
Sec. 16- 10- 7(B)(10) White Water Creek Bridge:
The property hereinafter described is hereby designated as a landmark, according to the
provisions of this chapter:
The span of bridge situated on Lot H Dubuque Industrial Center West Final Plat,
commonly known as the Bergfeld Recreation Area, 7600 Chavenelle Drive.
Section 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately upon publication, as provided by law.
Passed, approved and adopted this 6th day February , 2012.
Roy D. Bt(pl, Mayor
n S. Firnstah City clerk
OFFICIAL
PUBLICATION
ORDINANCE NO. 4-12
AN ORDINANCE
AMENDING TITLE 16
CHAPTER 10 (HIS-
TORIC PRESERVA-
TION) OF THE CITY
OF DUBUQUE CODE
OF ORDINANCES,
UNIFIED DEVELOP-
MENT CODE, BY ADD-
ING A NEW SECTION
16.10- 7(BK1O) DESIG-
NATING THE WHITE
WATER CREEK
BRIDGE AS A LAND-
MARK
Whereas, the Historic
Preservation Commis-
sion has recommended
an amendment to Title
16 Chapter 10 (Historic
Preservation) of the
City of Dubuque Code
of Ordinances desig-
nating the White Water
Creek Bridge as a land-
mark; and
Whereas, the City
Council concurs with
the designation of the
White Water Creek
Bridge as a landmark
in accordance with the
provisions of Title 16
.Chapter 10.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE
IT ORDAINED BY THE
CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF DUBUQUE,' I0-
WA:
Section 1. That Title
16 of the City of Dubu-
que Code of Ordinan-
ces, Unified Develop-
ment Code, Chapter 10
is hereby amended by
adding the following
nevi section:
Sec. 16- 10- 7(B)(10)
White Water Creek
Bridge:
The property herein-
after described is here-
by designated as a
landmark, according to
the provisions of this
chapter:
The span of bridge sit-
uated on Lot H Dubu-
que Industrial Center
West Final Plat, com-
monly known as the
Bergfeld Recreation
Area, 7600 Chavenelle
Drive.
Section 2. This ordi-
nance shall take effect
immediately upon pub-
lication, as provided by
law.
Passed, approved and
adopted this 6th day of
February, 2012.•
/s /Roy D. Buol, Mayor
Attest:
/s /Kevin S. Firnstahl,'
City Clerk
Published officially in
the Telegraph Herald
the 10th day of Febru-
ary, 2012.
/s /Kevin S. Firnstahl,
City Clerk
1t 2/10
STATE OF IOWA {SS:
DUBUQUE COUNTY
CERTIFICATION OF PUBLICATION
I, Suzanne Pike, a Billing Clerk for Woodward Communications, Inc., an Iowa
corporation, publisher of the Telegraph Herald,a newspaper of general circulation
published in the City of Dubuque, County of Dubuque and State of Iowa; hereby
certify that the attached notice was published in said newspaper on the following
dates: February 10, 2012, and for which the charge is $17.80.
Subscribed to before me, a Notary Public in and for Dubuque County, Iowa,
this /DO day , 20/4_.
otary Public in and for Dubuque County, Iowa.
MARY K. WESTERMEYER
Commission Number 154885
CITY OF DUBUQUE,
IOWA
OFFICIAL NOTICE
NOTICE is hereby giv-
en that the Dubuque
City Council will con -
-duct public hearings at
a meeting to com-
mence at,6:30 p.m. on
Monday, February 6,
2012, in the Historic
Federal Building, 350
West 6th Street, to
consider the landmark
status of the White
Water Creek Bridge
and a proposed ordi-
nance amending Title
16 Chapter 10 (Historic
Preservation) of the
City of Dubuque Code
of Ordinances, Unified
Development Code, by
adding a new Section
16- 10- 7(b)(10) desig-
nating the White Water
Creek Bridge as a land-
mark
The span of bridge is
situated on Lot H Du-
buque Industrial Cen-
ter West Final Plat,
commonly known as
the Bergfeld Recrea-
tion Area, 7600 Chaye-
nelle Drive.
Copies of supporting
documents for the pub-
lic hearings are on file
in the City Clerk's Of-
fice and may be
viewed during normal
working hours.
Written comments re-
garding the above pub-
lic hearings may be
submitted to the City
Clerk's Office on or be-
fore said time of public
hearing. At said time
' and place : of public
hearings all interested
ci Izern. and parties
will be given an oppor-
tt , . ba lh.eard for
or. the pro-
pose ,ohnfrance.
Arty 14tilal or hewing
impaled pertsons
needing special assis-
taiice or persons with
special • accessibility
needs sh, Id contact
the Cty'rk's Office
at (563) 589- 4120..or
F(563) 550,6678 at
s_ft,.0 ;hours prior• to
'rifk'e'firig.
Kevin S. Firnstahl
City Clerk
It 1/20
STATE OF IOWA {SS:
DUBUQUE COUNTY
CERTIFICATION OF PUBLICATION
I, Suzanne Pike, a Billing Clerk for Woodward Communications, Inc., an Iowa
corporation, publisher of the Telegraph Herald,a newspaper of general circulation
published in the City of Dubuque, County of Dubuque and State of Iowa; hereby
certify that the attached notice was published in said newspaper on the following
dates: January 20, 2012, and for which the charge is $19.60.
Subscribed to before me otary Public in and for Dubuque County, Iowa,
this cP60) day of , 20 /�
Notary Public in and for Dubuque County, Iowa.
� �' , y
, i�' 'WARY K. bESTE.Rrr<i
,< _.
Comm{CSIOn Numb2r 1`..z.; ,
TAG CITY Of
DUB
Masterpiece on the Mrssissrppr.
❑ Variance
❑Candrtional Use Permit
❑ Appeal
❑ Special Excepbon
❑ Limited Setback Waiver
❑ Rezoning /PUD
Dubuque
�I
l
PLANNING APPLICATION FORM
❑ Preliminary Plat
❑ Major Final Plat
❑ Minor Final Plat
❑Simple Site Plan
❑ Minor Site Plan
❑ Major Site Plan
❑ Simple Subdnnsion
❑Text Amendment
❑ Temporary Use Permit
❑Annexation
❑ Historic Revolving Loan
-Historic (Historic Housing Grant
Planning Services Department
City Hall -- 50 W. 13th Street
Dubuque, IA 52001 -4864
Phone' 563 - 5894210
Fax 563 - 589 -4221
planninaecttvotdu buaue.orq
❑Certificate of Appropriateness
DAdvisory Design Review (Public Projects)
❑ Certificate of Economic Non - Viability
®Historic Designation Landmark
❑ Demabbon in Conservation District
I,_jRevlew of Preservation Alternabves
ple asvpaor mint learbly in ink
Property owner(s) City of Dubuque Phone (563) 589 -421Q
Address 50 W 13th Street City Dubuque
fax if (563) 5894221 Cell # E -mail dlohnson@olnlyordubuque org
Applikant/Agent Same Phone
State IA Zip 52001
Address — —_ --- City
Fax it
State Zip
Cell # E -mail
Site location /address 7600 Chavenelle Drive Neighborhood Association None
Existing zoning PUD Proposed zoning N/A District Landmark ❑Yes 0 No
Legal Description LOT 11 DUBUOUE INDUSTRIAL CENTER WEST FINAL PLAT
to 30.351 061
Total property (lot) area (square feet of axes) 24 _
Describe proposal and reason necessary (attach a letter of explanation, if needed) Landmark designation for the historic White
Water Creek Bridge. in accordance with the Section 106 mitigation moulted by the State Historic Preservabon Office due to
reincatIng the bridge to the Bergfeld Recreation A in tli .ujtuque Industrial Center West,
CER rIFICATION I/we, the undersigned, do hereby certify/acknowledge that
1 It is the property owner's responsibility to locate property lines and to review the abstract for easements and restrictive
covenants
2 The information submitted herein is true and correct to the best of my /our knowledge and upon submittal becomes public
record;
3 Fees are not refundable and payment does not guarantee approval, and
4 All additional required written and graphic materials are attached
Property Owner(s) Orgy of Dubunue „ Date 1117112200111 %
Applicant/Agent(s) � Date `/ � /K
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
Fee _ 0 Received by "7 - Date /7 9 it Docket X17/2011__
Masterpiece on the Mississippi
TO: Historic Preservation Commission
FROM: Laura Carstens, Planning Services Manager
SUBJECT White Water Creek Bridge Landmark Designation Nomination
DATE: November 10, 2011
Dubuque
ADNInericatllt,
s-
1
2007
Introduction
This memorandum forwards the landmark designation nomination for the historic White
Water Creek Bridge Article 10 of the Unified Development Code (UDC) requires the
Historic Preservation Commission to hold a public hearing and make a determination
whether the bridge meets the criteria for local landmark designation The Commission's
determination will be forwarded to the City Council for a public hearing
Background
The White Water Creek Bridge was constructed in 1872 by the Keystone Bridge Company
of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The Keystone Bridge Company was one of the most important
and long -lived bridge companies of the 19th Century Until its replacement with a modern
bridge, this span was one of the oldest iron trusses still in use in Iowa, and was the only
Keystone truss known to be in use in the state Additional historical information is provided
in the enclosed Historic Amencan Engineering Record and National Register of Historic
Places (NRHP) nomination.
The White Water Creek Bridge was relocated from its original site in Dubuque to White
Water Creek, 15 miles southwest of Dubuque near Cascade In the 1990's it was
determined the bridge could no longer handle vehicular traffic and it was decommissioned
It was removed from White Water Creek to a storage site on adjoining farmland in June of
1999 where it was stored while the current relocation and rehabilitation project was
assembled. The City of Dubuque agreed to accept ownership of the bridge from Dubuque
County and began preparing engineering plans and specifications The Agreement included
preservation of the bridge and its reuse on a bikeihike trail in the city
With the help of many dedicated people, and the financial assistance from the State
Historical Society of Iowa, the bridge was relocated to the Bergfeld Recreation Area on
August 3, 2010 The budge was positioned outside of the recreation area while it was
rehabilitated With the help of paint analysis, the bridge once again boasts its original color
The bridge was located on top of new concrete abutments and is a cultural and recreational
highlight of the Bergfeld Recreation Area and trail system The bndge will be placed back in
service once decking and a new railing is installed on the bridge Drawings for the relocation
and rehabilitation effort are enclosed
1
Discussion
The While Water Creek Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on
June 25, 1998 When the bridge was relocated, it was removed from the National Register
A requirement of the State grant funding to relocate the bridge is to prepare a new National
Register nomination as part of the Section 106 mitigation That effort is in process Staff
believes local landmark designation also should be pursued
One of the Commission's duties is To research and recommend to the City Council the
adoption of ordinances designating properties or structures having histonc, architectural,
archeological or cultural value or significance as "landmarks" Article 10 of the UDC defines
Landmark as a property or structure designated by ordinance that is worthy of
preservation, rehabilitation or restoration because of its prehistoric, historic, architectural,
archeological or cultural significance to the city, the state or nation
The Commission's role is to make a determination on the application as to the following
1 The nominated structure
i Is of "architectural significance ", as defined by this chapter, or
ii Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the
broad patterns of the history of the city of Dubuque, Dubuque County, the
state of Iowa or the nation, or
ni Is associated with the lives of persons significant in the past of the city of
Dubuque, Dubuque County, the state of Iowa or the nation, or
iv Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
history, and
2 The structure has sufficient integnty of location, design, materials and workmanship
to make it worthy of preservation or restoration, and
3 The structure is at least fifty (50) years old, unless the Commission determines that it
has achieved significance within the past fifty (50) years and is of exceptional
importance
The Commission's recommendation on the landmark nomination and an ordinance for
designation of the landmark will be transmitted to the City Council The City Council will set
a public hearing, and submit the proposal to the State Historic Preservation Office for a 30-
day review pnor to the hearing After the public hearing, the City Council will approve or
disapprove the proposal, or refer the nomination back to the Commission for modification
Requested Action
Planning Services Staff requests that the Commission review the landmark nomination for
the histonc Water Creek Bridge, and then make a recommendation to City Council whether
the nomination meets the criteria for consideration
Enclosures
S
HISTORIC AI4ERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD
WHITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
(Dubuque- Dunleith Railroad Bridge (Approach Span))
Location:
HAER No. IA.-51
Spanning White Water Creek on County
Road, 4.0 miles southwest of Bernard;
Dubuque County, Iowa
UTH: 13.672160.4685470
uses: Fillmore, Iowa quadrangle
(7.5 minute series, 1972)
Date of Construction: 1872
Designers:
Builder /Fabrioator:
Present Owner:
John Piper and Jacob H. Linville
[designers and patentees)
Keystone Bridge Company, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
Dubuque County, Iowa
Present Meet Roadway bridge
Gignificanoe:
Historian:
Project Information:
This bridge is a remaining span of a
seven -span approach bridge built in 1872
to serve a larger seven -span bridge
built in 1868 over the Mississippi River
at Dubuque. The larger bridge was the
first to span the Mississippi at
Dubuque, and was one of the earliest of
all Mississippi River bridges. The
superstructures of both the approach
bridge and the river bridge were
fabricated and erected by the Keystone
Bridge Company, one of the most
important and long -lived bridge
companies of the nineteenth century.
This span is one of the oldest iron
trusses still in use in Iowa, and is the
only Keystone truss known to be in use
in the state.
Robert W. Jackson, August 1995
This document was prepared as part of
the Iowa Historic Bridges Recording
Project performed during the summer of
1995 by the Historic American
Engineering Record (HAER). The project
was sponsored by the Iowa Department of
Transportation (IDOT). Preliminary
•
WHITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
HAER No. TA -51
(Page 2)
research on this bridge was performed by
Clayton B. Fraser of Fraserdesign,
Loveland, Co.
Early in January 1868, industrialist Andrew Carnegie visited
Dubuque, Iowa, with Keystone Bridge Company engineer Walter
Katte. Carnegie was vice president and partner in the Keystone
company, which he had organized in 1865. The Pittsburgh based
firm was besically a renaming and reorganization of the Piper and
Shiffler bridge firm which Carnegie had organized in 1862. He
felt that his personal attention was crucial to the success of
Keystone's efforts to Win the contract to build a railroad bridge
across the Mississippi River between Dubuque and Dunleith,
Illinois. This was a contract which Carnegie desperately wanted,
because it played a crucial role in his plans to control certain
aspects of the growing railroad business in Iowa.`
Building the structure, which Carnegie later characterized as
"the most important railway bridge that had been built up to that
time, "2 would establish Keystone as a major builder of bridges
across the I'fississippi. The company would therefore be in an
excellent position to build the other railroad bridges which
Carnegie knew must eventually span both that river and the
Missouri River. But the construction contracts for these bridges
represented only the tip of the financial iceberg which lay
underneath the surface of the Keystone operation. Carnegie also
expected to profit from sale of the materials which his Union
Iron Works would provide to the bridge company, from his share in
the railroad companies that would benefit from the existence of
the bridges, from the construction companies that built the
railroads, and from commissions on the sale of bonds used to
finance both the bridge companies and the railroads.
'The account of Carnegie's visit to Dubuque is taken mainly
from Andrew Carnegie, Auto) ngraehv of Andrew Carnegie (New York:
IIoughton Mifflin Co., 1920), 123 -125. See also Alvin F. Harlow,
Annr'ew Carnegie (New York; Julian Messner, 1959), 89. Information
concerning Carnegie's bridge and railroad related business
activities is taken mainly from Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew
Carnegie (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), 269, 278-281.
See also Harlow, 78; Harold C. Livesay, Andrew Carnegie and the
Ries of Big Business (Boston: Little, Brown & co., 1975), 54, 74;
and John K. Winkler, Incredible Carnegie (New York; Vanguard Press,
1931), 106.
CCarnegie, 123.
S
WHITE WATS& CREEK BRIDGE
HAER No. IA-51
(Page 3)
Carnegie was instrumental in the formation of the Davenport a St.
Paul Construotion Company which was created to build a rail line
north from Davenport, Iowa to St. Paul, Minnesota. The line
constructed by this syndicate (which Carnegie served as
treasurer) was to carry traffic which crossed the first bridge to
span the Mississippi River - the Davenport -Rock Island Bridge
(1856). The list of investors for this company was virtually
identical to that of the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad Company,
which counted Ohio Governor William Dennison among its backers.
Carnegie also played a crucial role in the formation of the Iowa
Contracting Company in 1869, which was organized to build a
railroad from Keokuk, Iowa to Nebraska City, Nebraska. This line
would carry traffic which crossed the Mississippi on the Keokuk &
Hamilton Bridge, which Keystone contracted to build in December
of 1868. Carnegie, who took bonds and stocks in the Keokuk &
Hamilton Bridge Company as payment for Keystone's contract,
eventually became president of the bridge company.
Civen the complex web of financial arrangements which Carnegie
intended to spin in support of his empire, it is understandable
that he would have a keen interest in the outcome of the contract
for the Dubuque bridge. Upon arriving in that city, Carnegie
found that the nunleith and Dubuque Bridge Company had already
decided to award the contract to the lowest bidder, a firm from
Chicago,3 But Carnegie was not about to give up. He went to
work on the company directors, finding them to be "delightfully
ignorant of the merits of cast- and wrought -iron. We had always
made the upper chord of the bridge of the latter, while our
rivals' was made of cast -iron. This furnished my text.14
Picturing for these men the results of a steamboat striking
against a bridge made entirely of cast iron, as opposed to one of
cast and wrought iron, he claimed that, "In the case of the
wrought -iron chord it would probably only bend) in the case of
the cast -iron it would certain)y break and down would come the
bridge. "S At this moment, one of the bridge directors enforced
carnegie's argument by stating to the board that on a recent
3Carnegie does not name the competing firm. However, the only
Chicago bridge contractor likely to have the capacity to build the
type of structure required was the Boomer Bridge Works, run by
Lucius B. Boomer. Together with brother -in -law Andros B. Stone,
Boomer built the first railroad bridge across the Mississippi River
between Davenport„ Iowa and Rook Island, Illinois in /856.
°Carnegie, 124.
Slbid.
S
WRITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
BAER No. IA -51
(Page 4)
night he had run his buggy in the dark against a oast -iron lamp-
post, which had broken to pieces.
seizing the element, Carnegie exclaimed "Aft, gentlemen, there is
the point. A little more money and you could have had the
indestructible wrought -iron and your bridge would stand against
any steamboat. We never have and we never will build a cheap
bridge. Ours don't fail.°6 The directors, however, proved to be
as shrewd as Carnegie and informed him that his company could
have the contract, provided that the bridge be built for the
lower price bid by the Chicago firm. Carnegie agreed, and when
tho bids were opened on January 13, 1868, the Keystone Bridge
Company was awarded the contract for the superstructure. The
contract for the substructure went to Reynolds, Saulpaugh &
company of Rock Island, Illinois.?
The decision of the Dunleith and Dubuque Bridge Company board of
directors to chose a cast- and wrought -iron design over one
entirely of cast iron, for the same price, was quite sound. Cast
iron is a brittle metal that has high compressive strength but
low tensile strength (it doesn't stretch well) and a lack of
ductility (it doesn't react well to shocks). Wrought iron, on
the other hand, is equally strong in compression and tension.
changes in temperature affect cast iron more adversely than
wrought iron, and the force required to cause rupture of cast
iron is small compared to that for wrought iron. After the Civil
War, bridge fabricators increasingly followed the lead of
designer Wendell Bollman in using the far more expensive wrought
iron for tension members, which were required to stretch, and
cast iron for compression members. The combination of the two
materials allowed bridge builders to keep costs at a minimum
while insuring a certain degree of reliability.e
6Ibid.
?mister of Dubuque County. Iowa (Chicago: Western Historical
Co., 1880), 637 -638. In his account of this incident, which was
written many years after the fact, Carnegie provided little
information regarding the particulars of the bidding process.
Given the ethics of business practice at this time, however, it is
possible that Carnegie learned Keystone was not the low bidder
before the bids were opened on January 13, and made his deal with
the board of directors in a private meeting before that date.
'Eric Datony, ',The Golden Age of the Iron Bridge,1F American
Heritage of Invention & Technologic (Pall 1994), 8• -22; Mansfield
Merriman, Mechanics of Materials (New York: Jahn Wiley i Sone,
1914), 66 -59; David Plowden, Bridges: The Spans of North America
(New York: Viking Press, 1974), 65.
S
WHITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
BAER No. SA -52
(Page 5)
The Keystone Bridge Company, after examining the results of
extensive tests conducted on both types of material, concluded
that upper chords of cast iron could be safely used in bridge
construction if properly fabricated and designed. The preference
of the company, however, was to use columns and compression
chords entirely of wrought iron. Cast iron was only used in
short blocks or flat, solidly- bedded plates, which were eubjeeted
to compressive strains, and, in some instances, in bases and
capitals of posts, washers, gibs, etc. Should any portion be
subjected to tensile strain, the safe limit was assumed at one
and a quarter tons per square inch.'
The Dubuque -Dunleith Bridge was completed in December 1868, one
month ahead of schedule at a cost of $800,000.30 The 1,760 foot -
long bridge, which was officially opened on Nese Year's Day, 1869,
was originally accessible on the west (Dubuque) side by a wood
trestle approach of about 2,400 feet which crossed the slough
between First Street and the bridge. Over a period of years the
city of Dubuque began filling in this slough, thus allowing a
shorter trestle. In 3anuary 3.872 the Keystone Bridge Company
completed the erection of seven cast and wrought iron, eight
panel pin - connected Pratt through trusses over the slough in
"Keystone Bridge Company, Descriptive Catalogue of Wrought -Iron
$ridges (Philadelphia: Allen, Lane & Scott, 1875), 18.21. Shortly
after the publication of this catalogue, on the night of December
29, 1876, the cast- and wrought -iron Lake Shore and Michigan
Southern Railroad bridge at Ashtabula, Ohio collapsed with great
loss of life. Built in 1865, the bridge was the second and last
adaptation of a Howe truss in an all iron design. The ensuing
investigative report by the American Society of Civil Engineers
condemned combination cast- and wrought -iron bridges in favor of
all wrought -iron construction. As a result, it could be reported
by T. Appleton, C.B., before a meeting of the Boston Society of
Civil Engineers on February 6, 1878 that "The use of cast iron is
becoming obsolete among builders of iron bridges. It is hardly
ever used except for joint boxes at the ends of columns etc., and
many builders find they can dispense with it even there, as
experience has shown that it is not a reliable material."
psnaineerine News, February 21, 1878, 60. The collapse of the
bridge, however, had less to do with the choice of materials than
it did with the adaptation of a Howe truss in an iron bridge.
'°Randolph W. Lyon, Dubuque: The Encyclopedia (Dubuque, IA:
First National Bank of Dubuque, 1991), n.p.
•
WHITE WAtza CREEK BRIDGE
HAER No. IA -51
(Page 6)
place of the wooden trestle. The White Seater Creek Bridge is one
of these spans. °
On Saturday, January 13, 1872 the seven »pans were tested
according to the common practice of tine day. Two locomotives of
the Illinois Central Railroad, with tenders fully leaded with
coal and water, were placed on each span in succession from east
to west, making a stationary load, of about one ton per lineal
foot of bridge. All spans passed the test. It was also found by
observation taken under span number five, that under the load of
one ton per .lineal foot, moving at the rate of fifteen miles an
hour, the deflection of the span was only 1/32" more than with
tho same load stationary.12
At some point between 1874 and 1889, three of these approach
spans were removed.° In 1887, the same year that the High
"Alex. Simplot, "View of Dubuque In 1872," A lithograph
printed in History of Pubuuue County, Iowa (Western Historical
Company, 1880), frontispiece; 1875 Keystone Bridge Company
Catalogue; F.D. Maltby, "The Mississippi River Bridges: Historical
and Descriptive Sketch of the Bridges over the Mississippi River,"
gournal_pf the Western Society of Engineers 8 (August 1903), 459;
John M. Reps, Cities of the Nississippii Nineteenth - Century Images
of Urban Development (Columbia, NO: University of Missouri Press,
1994), 266 -267; V.S. Congress, House, Report of the Chief of
Engineers: 1878 -79, 45th Cong., 3rd Sess., Appendix X, "Reports
Upon Bridging Navigable Waters of the United States," Chapter IV,
"Description of Bridges on the Mississippi River From Saint Paul,
Minn. To Saint Louis, Mo.," 983 -987. The catalogue of the Keystone
Company reports that eight identical shore spans were constructed
at Dubuque for the Dubuque and Dunleith Bridge Company. However,
it is clear from lithographs and newspaper accounts that only seven
spans were erected in 1872.
t2ptbuque Daily Times, 17 January 1872$ pubuuue Herald„ 17
January 1872.
j°Bvidence for the possible date of removal of the first three
spans comes from bird's -eye lithographic views of Dubuque. One of
these views, Alfred R. Baud, "Bridges on the Mississippi at
Dubuque," in William Cullen Bryant, ed., Riotureceue America,. Or
the Land We Live ttz 2, shows all seven spans in place in 1874. The
other view, drawn in 1889, shows only four approach spans. see
Henry] Weiigs, "Perspective Map of City of Dubuque, Iowa"
(Milwaukee: Amerioan Publishing Company, 1889), a lithograph on
exhibit at the Dubuque County Historical Society, Dubuque, Iowa.
Both of these lithographs are reproduced in Reps, 266 -270. The
Wellge view, however, is too small in reproduction for the details
a
■'
WHITE WATER CREEK DRIDGE
HAER No. IA -51
(Page 7)
Bridge (wagon bridge) was opened immediately adjacent to the
railroad bridge, the City of Dubuque and the Illinois Central
Railroad spend a great deal of money on civic improvements.
These included a new passenger station and filling of the sloughs
with land.1° It is quite possible that the two spans known to
have been acquired by Dubuque County were obtained at this time.
One of these spans is the White Water creek Bridge, and the other
is the bridge which formerly spanned the Little Maquoketa River.
This second bridge was replaced approximately two years ago and
is now owned by the Dubuque County Conservation Board. It sits
in the weeds next to a heritage trail just off of Highway 52 at
Clay Hill Road, approximately six miles northwest of Dubuque.
The fate of the third span is unknown. The Iowa Department of
Tranepartation Structure Inventory and Appraisal sheets for the
White Water Creek Bridge have long given a construction date of
1890, which provides some indication that the county actually
erected the bridge in its present location at about that time.
The main river span of the Dubuque-Dunleith Bridge was designed
for the use of small steam engines and was never intended to
support the heavier locomotives in use towards the end at the
century, Therefore the bridge required repair and renovation in
1893, with the draw span being rebuilt. In 1899 there was a pore
substantial rebuilding of the entire bridge, which included
filling of the sloughs and reconstruction of the western
approach. The first river span on the Dubuque side was replaced
by a solid earth embankment, which shortened the bridge by 225
feet." At this time the remaining four approach spans were
removed. Because the work was done by the railroad, it_is
probable that it maintained ownership of these spans. The
eventual fate of these trusses is unknown, but given that they
were made of iron they were probably not of any further use to
the railroad. Therefore, it is assumed that they were scrapped.
The seven approach spans were identical Linville and Piper patent
trusses, each a 93, long, eight- panel, pin- conncoted Pratt
through truss with inclined end post and riveted, wrought-iron
Keystone columns. The upper chord has two channels with cover
plate and lacing while the lower chord has two looped square
eyebars on the outer panels and four looped square eyebare on the
middle four panels. The verticals are riveted Keystone columns
with two looped square eyebars at the hip. The diagonals are
to be made out.
14Frank T. Oldt, ed. History of Dubuque County,iota (Chicago:
Goodspeed Historical Assoc.: 1911), 189.
Ispubuque Herald, 7 November 1899; Maltby, 457.
a
WH /TE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
HAER No. IA -51
(Page 8)
looped square eyebars and the lateral bracing features round
eyerods with turnbuokles. The struts are slotted cast-iron I-
beams, and the floor beams are 1- beams, U- bolted to the
verticals. Because the approach bridge was not designed for, and
posted against, pedestrian traffic, there were originally no
guardrails. At some point the White Water Creek Bridge acquired
Jetties guardrails (probably of steel), and the span over the
Little Maquoketa River acquired steel plate guardrails (now
removed). Each span has cast -iron hip blocks, bearing shoes,
portal knee braces and vertical connectors.
These spans featured the characteristic "Keystone" wrought -iron
cylindrical hollow column, which was patterned after a design
first used in 1861 by Linville on the 192 -foot span over the
Schuylkill River near Philadelphia, Pennsyivania. Following the
construction of that bridge, Linville was granted patents for
columns made of sections, united by transversely intersecting
tie - bolts. This design is perhaps the most striking feature of
the White Water Creek Bridge. It was claimed by Linville that
the swelling of the column towards the center, along with
separation of the sections, would provide greater resistance to
flexure and allow for the interior of the columns to be inspected
for corrosion and repainted.
According to the 1875 Keystone Catalogue, 'Tthe cylindrical form
of strut or column is the best adapted, theoretically, to resist
compressive force, applied vertically, in the direction of its
axis. A hollow uy*inder, of uniform thickness, is the only form
of strut offering uniform resistance to flexure, transversely, in
every direction, and affording the highest resistance with the
least expenditure Of material."6 Despite this claim, the
lateral struts of the White Water Creek Bridge are slotted I-
beams.
Several Piper and Linville design innovations, in addition to the
use of hollow cylindrical columns, are claimed in the 1875
Keystone catalogue for their single intersection through trusses.
These include wrought - iron -upper chords, weldless chord links,
pin connections, adjustable counters, suspended cross - girders,
and improved safety floors. Although not all of these design
features can said to be unique to the Keystone company, it is
clear that the association of Piper and Linville was most
productive.
John Piper, the lesser known of the two patent holders of this
truss design, first met Andrew Carnegie in 1856 when Piper was
Chief mechanic for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company shops in
°Keystone Bridge Company, 25.
S
WHITE WATER CREEK BRIPQE
HAER No. IA -51
(Page 9)
Altoona. Carnegie, who was then assistant to railroad general
superintendent Thomas Scott, found himself immediately impressod
with Piper and the two men struck up a close friendship. They
worked together in 1861 on rebuilding the Long Bridge across the
Potomac River, and in 1862 Carnegie suggested to Piper that he
and general bridge supervisor Aaron Shiftier should form an
independent company for the erection of railroad bridges. This
action was taken in February 1862 with Carnegie, soott, Piper,
Shiffler, and company chief engineer for bridges and buildings
Jacob 11. Linville as partners. Each partner received a one -fifth
interest for $1,250."
Much of Piper's work for the railroad involved the rebuilding of
wooden bridges that had been destroyed by fire, a common
occurrence in the days preceding the introduction of metal
railroad bridges. Piper had often discussed with Linville
designs for iron bridgei that would have the flexibility oe wood,
and several patents were taken out by the two men prior to
construction of the first iron bridge in the Altoona shop. It
was the success of this small bridge, which replaced en earlier
wooden bridge on the line, that encouraged Carnegie to suggest
the formation of the Piper & Shiftier bridge company.'e
Linville was still on the staff of the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company in 1862 when congress granted the right to a subsidiary
of that line, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis
Railroad, to build a bridge across the Ohio River at
Steubenville. The 320 -foot iron span, the first long -span truss
in the country, was completed in 1864. Its erection required the
provision of special tools, machinery, testing apparatus, and
appliances of erection duo to its unusual dimensions, length, and
proportions. This included a boo-ton- capacity machine designed
by William Sellers of Philadelphia in 1863 that allowed the
testing of full-sized structural members to the point of
failure."
The experience of erecting this bridge no doubt convinced the
partners of the Piper and Shiffler company that a significant
expansion of the firm's capabilities would be necessary to build
the huge spans needed to cross the Ohio, Mississippi, and
Missouri. Therefore, the company was reorganized with an initial
i7Wall, 188-189; Carnegie, 116.
°°Carnegie, 115 -116; Livesay, 531 Marlow, 76; Bendriek, 128;
Wall, 228. The 1875 Keystone Catalogue suggests that this bridge
may have been built on the Junction Railway. See page 25.
i9oelony, 181 Plowdon, 69; Keystone Bridge Company, 12.
WHITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
BAER No. IA -51
(Page 10)
capital of $300,000 in 1865 with Linville as president, Piper as
general manager, Shiffler as assistant general manager, and
Walter Katte as engineer. Scott served as a silent partner,
subscribing to half or Carnegie'e $80,000 stock investment. The
original bridge works of the Piper & Shiffler company were
enlarged and improved, and the company immediately began making a
profit."
On January 20, 1868, shortly after Carnegie had successfully
wrapped up the contract for the bridge at Dubuque, he wrote a
letter to the directors of the Keystone company urging them to
expand the plant facilities of the firm by building a new
blacksmith shop, purchasing additional machinery, and acquiring
land across the Allegheny River for a new foundry so that the
company would have the necessary capacity to win further
contracts for the really "big bridges at St. Louis and Omaha."2!
In 1872, tho year the Dubuque approach Spans were erected, the
Legislature of Pennsylvania authorized the Keystone company to
increase its capital stock to $1,500,000, at which time it
erected new works of enlarged capacity, including machine - shops,
smith- shops, riveting- sheds, bolt- cutting and testing houses,
pattern - shops, a large iron building for a foundry, offices,
stables, and Hall the accessories of a first -class
establishment') .22
The Keystone Bridge Company was certainly a first -class
establishment in 1872, and until its absorption along with
twenty -four other firms by the American Bridge Company in 1900,
could be counted as one of the most important manufacturing
enterprises in American industrial history. The White Water
Creek Bridge is the only product of this company known to still
be in use in the state of Iowa. It is therefore important not
only for its association with an early Mississippi River bridge,
but also as a rare extant example of the work of the Keystone
company.
ROKeystone Bridge Company, 7; Wall, 228-229.
"Wall, 270 -271.
22Keystone Bridge Company, 7.
WHITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
BAER No. IA -51
(Page 11)
APPENDIX
IMPLICATIONS FAR FURTHER RESEARCH
Several questions concerning the White Water Creek Bridge arose
during the research and writing of this report. Some of these
questions, due to limitations in the scope of the Iowa Historic
Bridges Recording Project, have remained unanswered. It is
suggested that scholars interested in this bridge consider
pursuing the following:
1. Which firm was the original low bidder far the Dubuque -
Dunleith Bridge superstructure construction contract?
2. What was the oontraot amount for the river bridge, and for
the approach spans?
3. When were the first three spans of the approach bridge moved
from their original location?
3. Where did the third, "missing" span taken down between 1874
and 1889 end up?
4. Why does the 1075 Keystone Catalogue indicate that the
Dunleith and Dubuque Bridge Company bought eight Sal spans,
instead of the seven that were erected?
S
WRITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
HAER No. IA -51
(Page 12)
SOURCES CONSULTED
Carnegie, Andrew. Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie. New York:
Houghton Mifflin Co., 1920.
DeLony, Eric. "The Golden Age of the Iron Bridge " is
Heritage of Invention & Technology (Fall 1994): 5 -22.
Dubuque Daily Times, 17 January 1872.
Dubuque Herald, 17 January 1872; 7 November 1899.
Harlow, Alvin F, Andrew Carnegie. New York: Julian Messner, 1959.
History of Dubuque County, Iowa. Chicago: Western Historical Co.,
1880.
Keystone Bridge Company. Descriptive Catalogue of Wrought-Tina:
pridges. Philadelphia: Allen, Lane & Scott, 1875.
Livesay, Harold C. Andrew Carnegie and the Rise of 834».
Boston: Little, Brown A Co., 1975.
Lyon, Randolph W. Dubuque: The Encyclopedia. Dubuque, IA: First
National Bank of Dubuque, 1991.
Merriman, Mansfield. Mechanics of materials. New Yorks John Wiley
& Sons, 1914.
Maltby, F.B. "The Mississippi River Bridges: Historical and
Descriptive Sketch of the bridges over the Missiesippi
River." Journal of the Western Society of Engineers 8.
(AUgust 1903):418.
Dldt, Frank T., ed. listory of Dubuque County& Iowa. Chicago:
Goodspeed Historical Assoc., 1911.
Plowden, David. Bridges: The Spans of North America. New York:
Viking Press, 1974.
Reps, John W. Cities .. of the Mississippi: _Nineteenth- century
Images of Urban_fljppme . Columbia, MO: University of
Missouri Press, 1994.
U.S, Congress, House. gg»prt of the Chief of Engfneers 1878 -79.
45th Cong., 3rd Bocc., Appendix X, Chap. XV., 1879.
•
S
MUTE 41AT&R CRJER BRIDGE
MEN NO. IA -51
(Page 13)
Wall, Joseph Frasier. Andrew Carnegie.. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1970.
Winkler, John 1{. tnoredible Carnegie. New York: Vanguard Press,
1931.
ADDENDIRvI TO HAERNo IA-5I
WREIB WATER CREEK BRIDGE HAi~�
(Dub iquo.Dunhath RmlroadBridge (Approach Span))
Iowa Historic 33ndgos Recording Project /0 (AM
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Des Moines County
Iowa
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HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD
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This bridge is a remaining anon of o aoven-sPm1 aypropah kriifpo built in
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MMnbslppl Herm of lrbayN 70O M /gar Bridle was ((MOM to Syne the
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River bridges At some paint between 1874 Odd 0019 three of the
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bridge to ly present 10aalMp The enpvrarnennes of (NOM the elopr°ach
budge and lbe ays/ bridge were !Abnaated and erected by the lteyslonc
badge tampany, one of Ma moat lnlymlao( And )0/19 ltVad 8lsdge
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bee Sr. the Stale
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general dl/orylon of M Robbed J Repay?, Chiaf and by too Iowa Dagvboonf
of fnnspalanon the Stale 1((stwled boeldy of town Iowa OMdnn O1(N•e at
the Fedor Highway AdndNNMh'On, Sod We Iowa Tmneptthas. Cake The
hero wort, measured drowns; hM edea? reports, end photographs were
prepared ander me direction of FOC Dada, ebiel 0! NAER The 1,0,0
cudip Sct or tarot,,., Sehweyer drctolactural suporvleer (ICOI4OS 0120e °)
Roger Chien (Unlvenky at YirgMrn), Fan% .,Weedy (ICOMOS- ramrtln)
*glom Paco (Univers& of Kansas) and Adman Vtaoedrgererack
(ICOMOS /kmeriands) areppeeta, RoLL O Jadraen (Mmvery ry Of 700Q4
AIist tJ sad l Oohs flirter (Ifh?reredy of Pennfyly ma) krstonans, Qedbey 11
fordbeg (UNverd(y of ifaaaaebusarya) end oriel ino *er (VnNNerfy or
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MPS Form 10.900
(Oct tom)
_ United States Department of the Interior
National Perk ServTce
National Register of Historic Places
Registration Form
OMe Pic 10023 ix)t8
Ilse form it for use in nominating or requesting determinations for Individual properties and dtsblcts See Insbucttons in How to Compute thu
Natrona! Register of Historic Pisces Regrrtmenn Than (Natrona! Register Bulletin 113A) Complete each itom by maiking 'x In the appropriate box
or by entering the information requested It an dem dorm not apply to the propery being documented, enter •N/A• for 'not appileablo • For funobona,
architectural c.lassdreation, materials and areas of slgmficence, enter only categories and subcategories fromthe instructions Place additional entries
and itenativo dome on continuation sheets (NPS Form 111 900a) Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items
t Name of Property
historic name
White Water Creek Bridge
other names /site number
2 Location
street & number Whitowcater road over White Water Creek
city or town 4 0 miles southwest of Bernard
state _ Iowa code IA _county Dubuque
Slate /Federal Agency Certification
El not for publication
vicinity
code 063 zip code 52032
As the dc.signatod authority under the National Historic Piuservatrun Act, as amendud, I humby certify that this nomination
_ request for detsmtrnation of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register
of Hinton° Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements eet forth in 86 CFR Part SD In my opinion, the
property meets does not meet the National Register criteria I recommend that this property be considered significant
_ nab ly A. statewide — locally ,(_ See continuation sheet tar additional comments )
t�,
Sign . ro o car mg oafm le
State or Federal agency and bureau
Jb
in my opinion, the property _ meets doves not mutt the National Register criteria ( ace continuation sheet for additional
oommente.)
Srgnalure of certifying Okra/Title Date
gta& or Federal agency and bureau
4 National Park Service Certification
I hereby certify that the property is•
D entered in the National Register
£3 See continuation sheet
• determined eligible for the National Register
q See continuation Sheet
▪ determined not eligible for the National Register
o removed from the National Register
[] other, (explain)
White Water Creek Bridge
Dubuque County, Iowa
5 Classification
Ownership of Property
(Cha:k as many noxea as apply)
p prorate
• pWiclocal
p public -State
p pubko-Federal
Category of Property
(Check only one bo,Q
p building(s)
l7 distnct
site
structure
❑ objnrt
Name of related multiple property listing
(Enter 'NIA" if property is not part of a multiple property listing)
Highway Bridges of Iowa
Number of Resources within Property
(Do not include previously listed resources in the noun,
Contributing Noncontilbuting
0 U buildings
0 o sites
1 0 structures
(j 0 objects
1 0 Total
Number of contributing resources previously listed
In the National Register
0
6. Function or Use
Historic Functions Current Function
(Enter categories from Instructions) (Enter categories kern Instructions)
TRANSPORTATION /road- lelated TRANSPOitfATION /road•related
7 Description
Architectural Classification Materials
(Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions)
adieu pinned Pratt through truss
foundation Concrete
wens
roof -
ether Cast and wrought iron
Narrative Description
(Describe the historic and current condition of the properly on None or more continuation sheets)
Located 4 0 miles southwest of Bernard, the White Water Creek Bridge spans White Watei Creek m
a rural Dubuque County setting that has changed link since the structure's period of significance
A description of the structure follows
span number
span length
total length
roadway wdt
superstructure
substructure
floor /decking
other features
1
93 0'
94 0'
15 7'
construction dale
construction cost
current condition
alterations
1868
unknown
fair
truss moved and converted from railroad to vehicular
use
cast and wrought iron, 8- panel pin- connected Pratt through truss
stone abutments
concrete deck over steel stringers
inclined end post: riveted, cast Iron Keystone column, upper chord. 2 channels with
cover plate and lacing, lower chord 2 looped square eyeball, vetdeal: riveted Key-
stone column (2 looped square eyebats at the hip); diagonal Looped square cyebars,
lateral biacan& found eyerod with tmnbatcicle; strut. slotted I -beam, floor beam. I-
beam, U- bolted in verticals; guardrail: steel lattice; cast iron hip block, bearing shoe,
portal knee brace and vertical connectors
Oilier than maintenance- related repairs, the bndge remains essentially unaltered since its move to a
county road, as it continues to carry vehicular traffic. The White Water Creek Bridge today retains
a high degree of integrity of design, materials, workmanship, feeling and association.
White Water Creek Bridge
Dubuque County, Iowa
8 Statement of Significance
Applicable National Register Criteria
(Mark •v, In ono or morn boxes for the criteria qualifying the properly
for National Register hating)
O A Property is associated with events that have
made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
f7 B Property is associated with the fives of persons
significant in our past
■ C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics
of a typo, period, or method of construction or
represents the work of a master, or possesses
high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components
lack individual distinction
f] D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield,
information important in prehistory or history
Criteria Considerations
(Mark Se In all the boxes that apply)
Property is
❑ A owned by a religious institution or used for
religious purposes
❑ B removed from its original location
O C a birthplace or grave
❑ D a rsntotery
❑ E a reconstructed building, object, or structure
j F a commemorative property,
❑ G less than 50 ycdrs of age or achieved significance
within the past 50 years
Narrative Statement of Significance
(Explain the significance of the property on continuation sheets.)
Areas of Significance
(Enter oate6onae from rnetruchona)
ENGINRETZING
Period of Significance
1868
(The period of signiffrancr rs derived
from the original construction date.)
Significant Dates
1.868 (construction date)
Significant Person
(Comploin rf Coteribn B Is marked above)
N/A
Cultural Affiliation
N/A
Architect/Builder
draper
Keystone Bridge Company, Philadelphia PA
bku,aax
Keystone Hodge Company, Philadelphia PA
bulkier
Keystone Bodge Company, Philadelphia PA
9. Major Bibliographical References
Bibliography
(Cito the books, articles, and other sources used rn prepanng this form on
Previous documentation on fie (NPS)
• preliminary determination of individual listing (36
CFR 67) has been requested
❑ previously listed rn the National Register
D previously determined eligible by the National
Register
❑ designated a National Historic Landmark
❑ recorded by Historic Arnoican Buildings Survey
ci recorded by Ftistonc Amencan Engineering
Record
one or more continuation shoots.)
Primary location of additional data:
■ State Historic Preservation Office
O other State agency
❑ Federal agency
0 Local government
O University
❑ other
name of repository,
White Water Creek Bridge Dubuque County, Iowa
to Geographical Dale
Acreage of Property less than one acre
UTM Eteferences
(Place addihonal IRM references on a coMmuation sheet)
t 15 672160 4685470 2
zone casting northing
zone Basting northing
Verbal Boundary Description
(Describe the boundaries of the properly)
The nominated pi opel ty is a rectangular-shaped pat eel meastuing feet by feet, which is tenn i ed
on the U I M point(s) listed above Included within this rectangular parcel are the bridge's super-
structure, substructut e, apps oach spans and floor system.
Boundary Justification
(Explain why the boundancs wore selected)
The nominated structure includes the bridge's superstructure, substructure, floor system, any ap-
proach spans and the property on which they rest These boundaries encompass, but do not exceed,
all of the property that has been historically associated with the bridge
it Form Prepared By
namO/Iltle Clayton B Fraser
organization Fraserdesign date 31 August 1994
street & number 1269 Cleveland Avenue telephone 303- 669 -7969
city or town I.,oveland state Colorado rip code 80537
Additional Documentation
Submit the following dams with the completed form
Continuation Sheets
Maps
A USGS map (7ss or 15 minute series) Indicating the property's location
A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources
Photographs
Representative Mack and white photographs of the property
Additional Items
(Cheat with the SHPO or FPO for any additional Items)
Property owner
(Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO)
name /mle Dubuque County
street & number 1'3063 Seipel Road telephone 319 -557 -7283
city or town Dubuque state €owa zip code 52002
Paperwork Reduction Aet Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Histonc Places to nominate
properties for hating Of determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amr.nd eiasting listings Response to this request is required to
obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amendcd (18 U.S.0 470 01 soq.)
Estimated Burden Statement Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average tB I hours per response inoluding time for reviewing
Instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any
aspect of this form to the Chief, Admtniehative Services Division National Palk Sewlce, PO Box 31124 Washington, DC 20013-7127, and tho
Office of Management and Budget Paperwork Reductions Projects (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503
NPS Gone 7x300 -a OMR Approval No. 1020 -0D18
(D)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section Number 8 Page 1 White Water Creek Bridge Dubuque County, Iowa
From the stall, Dubuque's fortunes have been tied inexorably to the Mississippi River
Pounded by lead miners in 1833, the settlement soon became a stopping point for the boats
that plied the river trade But Dubuque almost immediately concerned itself with travel
across the liver as well One of the first commercial businesses established in the fledgling
town was a ferry operation on the river, founded by General George W. Jones Later, anoih-
er fen y iiossed the river between Dubuque and Dunleith (now East Dubuque), Illinois, haul -
mg freight, livestock and passengers across the river. In 1850 Augustus and Charles Gregoire
operated the city's first steam ferry. Timothy Fanning ran a second steam line, docking the
boat behind his saloon near present -day Pint and Iowa Streets The wagon ferries con-
tributed greatly to the commercial prosperity of Dubuque and influenced the town's physical
development through the location of their terminals. But the city paid a premium for its
single railroad ferry. 'The interests of Dubuque and Noi.thern Iowa suffered for many years in
consequence of the lack of transpoilation facilities between Dunleith and Dubuque," a his-
torian wrote ui 1880 "The ferry winch plied between these cities was in the hands of the
Illinois Central Railroad Company, and it was charged that this medium of communication
was not only a merciless monopoly, but inadequate to the purpose."
After years of promoting for a railroad bridge by various Dubuque citizens' groups, the Dub-
uque and Dunleith Bridge Company was formed in 1866. The company received a Congres-
sional chat Let for the bridge that year - one of the first such bridge charters granted for the
Mississippi River - and sold bonds in Dubuque, Boston and New York "Then followed a
storm," reported. the 1880 history "The Company applied to the [Dubuque County] Board of
Supervisors, in .Tune 1867, for right to locate the western end of the bridge, and to the [City
of Dubuque] Common Council, at a session convened during the same month, for right of
way into the city In bosh instances, petitioners' prayers were granted, but there were many
citizens who insisted upon having a wagon -way across the bridge By opposing any conces-
sion made, they hoped to secure this desideratum, in which event they were willing to grant
the largest privileges compatible with the good of the city Public meetings were held, mem-
orials flooded the Council, and, altogether, a lively row became imminent, threatening to
seriously embarrass, if not defeat, the enterprise " The Council quashed the uprising, how-
ever, and the Dubuque and Dunleith Bridge was approved as a latlroad -only crossing
In January 1868 the company contracted with h the Keystone Bndge Company of Philadelphia
to fabricate and erect the bridge's superslruclure. Reynolds, Saulpaugh and Company of Rock
Island, Illinois, were hired to build the substructure Work on the first abutment began on
January 27th, on December 15th the bridge was completed As stated in the 1880 history
The valuable improvements in iron - bridge building perfected within the last twenty -five
years were incorporated in the structure, end, unlike most of the massive railroad iron
bridges of England and Continental Europe, seems like a skeleton, so light and airy that
nothing but the fact of experience end the warrant of engineers induce a belief that it
can sustain a train of freight -cam weighing 200 tons 7o the eye, seen from a short
NPS Form 1O.S0a OMB Approval No. IQ24 -oois
to 136i
United States Department of the Interior
National Perk Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section ?Dumber 8 Page 2 White Water Creek. Bridge Dubuque County, Iowa
distance, the ironwork appears to be a few large, heavy bars of iron betted together at
intervals of a few feet, perpendicular iron posts kept in place by Iron rods crossing each
other diagonally, and the sides held in place by horizontal cross rods at the top and the
bottom . Tempests may sweep the river, but will produce no effect on such a triumph
of mechanical skill Unlike the heavy, solid, bolted iron plates which form the body of
the Tubular Victoria Bridge, here Is open ironwork, graceful in structure, beautiful in
design, and representing $750,000 worth of the use of American brains and labor to
promote commercial interests with facility and profit
bxtending 1760 feet m length, the bridge consisted of six stationary trusses and a 360 -foot
swing span All of the fixed spans featured Keystone's patented sectional -tube trusses, which
made extensive use of ornamental cast iron compression members and connector blocks. Im-
mediately west of the main bridge over the nvei's channel was a shorter bridge over a
slough, built in. 1872. This second structure was comprised of pinned Pratt through trusses,
which also employed the classic Keystone configuration The main Bridge was replaced in
parts - the swing span replaced in 1893, the easternmost fixed truss replaced with earth fill
in 1899, three of the western fixed trusses rebuilt in 1899 and the remaining two fixed truss-
es rebuilt in 1903 The extensive limber trestle over the west floodplain was replaced with
earth fill, and, at some point, the approach bridge over the western slough was removed
Dubuque County acquired at least two of the spans from this latter structure, using them on
county roads The White Water Creek Bridge in White Water Township is one of those spans
(Phi other the Cole River Bridge LDU13U27]) TT was moved and re- erected at an unknown
dale on ibis nual crossing near the southern county line Here it has carried relatively light
vehicular traffic The floor system has been modified somewhat to accommodate the wider
roadway, but the truss supersinictuie remains in unaltered and well - preserved condition.
The importance of the Dubuque and Dunkirk' Bridge to interstate commerce can hardly be
overstated As one of the first petnnanent bridges ovci the Mississippi River, it ensured
Dubuque's tole as a regional trade nexus and, on a broader scope, helped facilitate the west-
ern movement after the Civil War. Removed from the context of the original, multiple -span
structure, ibis single span's role on a minor county road is less momentous in its lustoncal
contribution But as one the last two remaining fragments of the original railroad structure,
it enjoys a degree of significance, despite its radical change of setting The White Water
Creek Bridge is technologically significant as one of the last remaining examples in America
of cast iron truss construction Built by one of the country's premier bridge fabricators of the
1860; it features Keystone's patented cast iron columns and ornamental cast iron connector
blocks Iowa's oldest surviving all -metal bridge and one of America's last cast iron trusses, it
is distinguished as a rare survivor from the country's earliest period of all -iron bridge con-
struction
h1PS Font' 10 900•a OMB Aptucwal No 1024 C018
(tom)
Unted States Department of the interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section Number 9 Page 3 White Water Creek Bridge Dubuque County, Iowa
Iowa Department of Transportation, Structutc Inventory and Appraisal- Sttuctute Number
146040
N B. Maltby, "The Mississippi River Bridges Historical and Descriptive Sketch of the Bridges
over the Mississippi River," Journal of the Western Society of Fuginerrs, 3 (August 1903),
pages 419 -493.
The History of Dubuque County, Iowa (Chicago- Western. I-kstorical Company, 1880), pages
637 -640
Field inspection by Clayton Fraser, 15 December 1989.
NAME(S) orsTnucltrrle
White Water Creek Bridge
nuns AND SKETCH MAP OF wOCATtOW
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LOCATION MAP
t &''Ora FROM IOWA DEfPAne'r or TRANSPO TXAQd
NLG'YWAY afro TRAIM,ORTAT1ON MAP
SOURCES
[owa Department of Transportation, Structure inventory and Appraisal: Structure Number 146040, field inspection by Clayton Fraser,
15 October 1990, F.B. Maltby, The Mississippi River Bridges: Historical and Desalptive Sketch of the Bridges over the Mississippi River,"
Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, 8 (August 1903)., pages 419-493; The History of Dubuque County, Iowa (Chicago: Western
Historical Company, 1880), pages 637 -640; field inspection by Clayton Fraser, 15 December 1989
INVENTORIED BY AFFILIATION
Clayton B Fraser Fraserdesign, Loveland CC
DATE
4 June 1992
C7
PERMITS
kW/. DE'ARTM :hT C' N%11R.t R:SCLICES
POIAD NO D5 -1D1 CA-T d /Cs/DS
C.S MUSt CCRP$ D° PICNEEM
PDDAIT NO CEL'V'R- COn- 2003— 576
DATE ' /'S /ZCCS
SPECIFICATIONS
MI KM DE'ARTSZhT CF AN3'TRTATI3N STANDAR)
SPEC/MT :DNS FOR CNE.'AV A'JD SRIOO_ COJC.1RLtfQN
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SPEOF%TIONS SIt ' MD.n1_ S C0IFlCATIohs MD
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E'ORK ON 1413 rsOJMT
PROJECT TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN
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SIN FCP 7F SEC- 30
PROJECT LOCATION
I2E
,_SCAE 11°-12:0' -
LOCATION MAP
z
CITY OF DUBUQUE
PLANS FOR PROPOSED
WHITEWATER CREEK BRIDGE
OVER THE BERGFIELD RECREATION POND
BRIDGE REHABILITATION
,s1I'
95'X 19' PEDESTRIAN TRUSS BRIDGE
aware AGUTMENai TPUS3 'BRIDGE
INDEX DF SHEETS
TA.
S'IdT
No.
$-I fT
21
Y,\1
Gin,. n' n m-..
CLifb1
,.J4
v”
. 1l eco
�:�� (J C
v,9f
TY1R FCt.FFL '1,71
TIMM r
STANDARD PLANS
�E FO_Jfsuit S1a1.,..QD RDAs PLUS SFALL
�.= CCI SILE':D ATPMC.E1E 'D DOUSIRUCIION
M7Rt ON 7113 'TCNC..
DEAT , DIE
!OENI
CAT
MILEAGE SUMMARY
LLICA ^IW
Ilk FF
LOLFS
s11•1+17._• •S
L
4EW.fU10 M ♦8'
69
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anraaU' locri.s blevole �w mats Isms. *env. a nn.rn earl, LOG VIC Mt 717a
L� wN
awn w
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a .Jn
w.. ew resaovl Pt
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t1
'DU9UDUE'=
Fn
__________
ENA10}N',IIC Fyn
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.
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/
DAUM MCC MUSD �////
\' MERE ROSROWS
Lat 0.L \`
\\ ay CU7r . i
�.
PROPOSED CROSSING j
EROac SEEM
BRIDGE MOVE NOTES ME FU REI
W7 ON ARE
01017MlZ 11110 CAPS XP TOD(AW REID EN EFID SEE OF AS DU uN L
M PDXR EO'AMMO ;WES 10 PK% W TC 31GE MO
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Ma IS DO RI PUNE
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ti CCNEN W S ILWAL0 SAM IMAM 11Z DOM
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SITUATION PLAN
'k. «.- ., __ WHITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
l`
OVER BERGFIELD RECREATION POND
1 CITY OF DUBUQUE
i
vw ?+ cit. I6Wa
DID aNVTow. �DU9boUE •F 17 CM
10 9Dart2 ``
S ('n'4. ✓.1
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ELEVATION
scn_E I -a
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GENERAL PLAN 1 I II
x 1 on I
I
\, 1
it
EUOVE
EXISTING MIDGE SECTION
GENERAL PLAN
WHITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
TII ll2nolxrx :c
OVER BERGPIELD RECREATION POND
CITY OF DUBUQUE
ABUTMENT NOTES
era YOWL WU ?CE 9- CCPCRrYE T. 'I 4t4CRCto D'/L
VII Ft ' Lxlrc OIICM3E FDIE) OR 23V05
k- DP24E0 E'M'SV I' 01RCRLit tux tlll' CO C iaWl•Y.r
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SPR2tP3 VAT BE 13111 x015 -tt' A /u YM CACIC .'!EFL IC TO
SSLTSLY MRCS 1 PLACE BEFORE CCICRCE D FOLRE3
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ABUTMENT ELEVATION
r/1.0 !4
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SECTION A-A
SE'JLE N1
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ONE ABUTMENT REINFORCING BAR LIST
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ESTIMATE OF QUANTITIES — BOTH ABUTMENTS
V
WTEMITTUGgi
mina
ABUTMENT DETAILS
WHITEWATER CREEK BRIDGE
'5CC IrmotrAtCSC.Y%
OVER THE BERGFIELD RECREATION POND
CITY OF DUBUQUE
insa• JO WA pi . IOIVA
DUBUQUE
I Vas
NOTES TIMBER QUANTITY REQ'D
HECK 5111551x3 MOIL BE Yt::x (FM eRDCE s Sl tat It
lu¢R 77 - 44114 2 sllfyRS
21 - 4%T41c'C MINCERS
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STAC]ERB
TIMBER DECKING PLAN
1NHETESNATER CREEK BRIDGE
11Y nGSCRace-511
OVER THE BERGFIELD RECREATION POND
CITY OF DUBUQUE
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PERMITS
kW/. DE'ARTM :hT C' N%11R.t R:SCLICES
POIAD NO D5 -1D1 CA-T d /Cs/DS
C.S MUSt CCRP$ D° PICNEEM
PDDAIT NO CEL'V'R- COn- 2003— 576
DATE ' /'S /ZCCS
SPECIFICATIONS
MI KM DE'ARTSZhT CF AN3'TRTATI3N STANDAR)
SPEC/MT :DNS FOR CNE.'AV A'JD SRIOO_ COJC.1RLtfQN
SERIFS 2001 FLJS T- Afruc*r.: GENERA_
SUPPLEICNU_ SECLIFICARCk , DEWELDPMDCAL
SPEOF%TIONS SIt ' MD.n1_ S C0IFlCATIohs MD
SPCCIA_ PREF/131CFS, SV.LL P°PL -0 OOIISTnUtTION
E'ORK ON 1413 rsOJMT
PROJECT TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN
ME SIACIA ma JN] C]FYRLCINI. Y5p:IF4 9lRY fb
C D& 3 U TIE EONS OJCTON DM OILY Al SWAM II 116
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SHOP DRAWINGS,
A_L S -lOP ORNMtGS AJ] F,LSE:VG ?< x'aANO=
THAT CDZtJIRE A °'ata SF M $t SueMD +b 1.0
NNE' INC
506 L :CURSE ST
CIA' ON IC %152210
f.3-9) 351 -2 IS
SIN FCP 7F SEC- 30
PROJECT LOCATION
I2E
,_SCAE 11°-12:0' -
LOCATION MAP
z
CITY OF DUBUQUE
PLANS FOR PROPOSED
WHITEWATER CREEK BRIDGE
OVER THE BERGFIELD RECREATION POND
BRIDGE REHABILITATION
,s1I'
95'X 19' PEDESTRIAN TRUSS BRIDGE
aware AGUTMENai TPUS3 'BRIDGE
INDEX DF SHEETS
TA.
S'IdT
No.
$-I fT
21
Y,\1
Gin,. n' n m-..
CLifb1
,.J4
v”
. 1l eco
�:�� (J C
v,9f
TY1R FCt.FFL '1,71
TIMM r
STANDARD PLANS
�E FO_Jfsuit S1a1.,..QD RDAs PLUS SFALL
�.= CCI SILE':D ATPMC.E1E 'D DOUSIRUCIION
M7Rt ON 7113 'TCNC..
DEAT , DIE
!OENI
CAT
MILEAGE SUMMARY
LLICA ^IW
Ilk FF
LOLFS
s11•1+17._• •S
L
4EW.fU10 M ♦8'
69
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anraaU' locri.s blevole �w mats Isms. *env. a nn.rn earl, LOG VIC Mt 717a
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w.. ew resaovl Pt
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ENA10}N',IIC Fyn
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ce
/
DAUM MCC MUSD �////
\' MERE ROSROWS
Lat 0.L \`
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PROPOSED CROSSING j
EROac SEEM
BRIDGE MOVE NOTES ME FU REI
W7 ON ARE
01017MlZ 11110 CAPS XP TOD(AW REID EN EFID SEE OF AS DU uN L
M PDXR EO'AMMO ;WES 10 PK% W TC 31GE MO
OAK R MX DIE WW R Mr POW 10 M RILL TC.
EL WW1 RLL EE PYATEO ON S7f RRON ECPRCR MG /S A
SCAN UI ME PUNS. /LL FL N.11FLIl' O9]) RR 1W
1MFOROM RYD SWLL FE •JL0 B. C4 R7 DOWN 911E BIER
Ma IS DO RI PUNE
OEM ODE 12 O RE lIADI ro WXMEE 7XE MEMO Cl. FEE
ti CCNEN W S ILWAL0 SAM IMAM 11Z DOM
*UGC NONXS ICJ KOXLO
iSr
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11114114 ROE EPSW.IE WEJC
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SITUATION PLAN
'k. «.- ., __ WHITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
l`
OVER BERGFIELD RECREATION POND
1 CITY OF DUBUQUE
i
vw ?+ cit. I6Wa
DID aNVTow. �DU9boUE •F 17 CM
10 9Dart2 ``
S ('n'4. ✓.1
P A ^X•g• 9C KARIN&
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11• -10• 1. .-N ^._p. �1'D��l� 0 13. O 11`V
LEV FD1:5 DL2SE IIPW:E
co 15 -I.
ROM1Ex4Y
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PRL J:IR:iJ;_=
II
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fr
ELEVATION
scn_E I -a
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inia
I
tor II
I
I II
nT -a 7 • L n:emc I' I
ljli lllli lljlljlljjlljllllllll I 11 %
i.
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L � I I I I , I I I I I I I I I I I II ILI, I IILII ,I IILII III, r1 N s,
HTTCr �I
GENERAL PLAN 1 I II
x 1 on I
I
\, 1
it
EUOVE
EXISTING MIDGE SECTION
GENERAL PLAN
WHITE WATER CREEK BRIDGE
TII ll2nolxrx :c
OVER BERGPIELD RECREATION POND
CITY OF DUBUQUE
ABUTMENT NOTES
era YOWL WU ?CE 9- CCPCRrYE T. 'I 4t4CRCto D'/L
VII Ft ' Lxlrc OIICM3E FDIE) OR 23V05
k- DP24E0 E'M'SV I' 01RCRLit tux tlll' CO C iaWl•Y.r
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IL- t9%IYOV: ST -1 I: NI f: KM MIR -CR9 CW.fl CAP
SPR2tP3 VAT BE 13111 x015 -tt' A /u YM CACIC .'!EFL IC TO
SSLTSLY MRCS 1 PLACE BEFORE CCICRCE D FOLRE3
TE CEFEN 3E0V20 "DR WE AIL IS B)O PSr F AF 9005 /5E
7EAWIS.E) DUBAI DV/41R311 -• TIE FEMME BEFORE
^kIW. wit taut C IVR 'ORrr WISMAR
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VIV:R oNLRRAT 4C! CC 3T1.23'Ti /S 15 0015927t) ICCEEA7•L
TO 1142 RI
LE: =H e
NOTCH DETAILS
SCALE 3'4
•i E Y oc I-502 roc
EA 4..Y ]ACKVALI 2015CE2DY
InantaxE
ABUTMENT ELEVATION
r/1.0 !4
CLEV PESO
r-I
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11
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6.2 C
EFCE
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111.E
CL HA 5S ABUTMENT PLAN
s:. 3-
r SR• -VA.
SECTION A-A
SE'JLE N1
'3
ONE ABUTMENT REINFORCING BAR LIST
tF
LEEATO. 3PAPE .D01 x]
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4OttY nG AF0t11L
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2.10
BENT BAR DETAILS
s
551
A`E
C -L
We MI SIIV-Cec Ara out to e/
ESTIMATE OF QUANTITIES — BOTH ABUTMENTS
V
WTEMITTUGgi
mina
ABUTMENT DETAILS
WHITEWATER CREEK BRIDGE
'5CC IrmotrAtCSC.Y%
OVER THE BERGFIELD RECREATION POND
CITY OF DUBUQUE
insa• JO WA pi . IOIVA
DUBUQUE
I Vas
NOTES TIMBER QUANTITY REQ'D
HECK 5111551x3 MOIL BE Yt::x (FM eRDCE s Sl tat It
lu¢R 77 - 44114 2 sllfyRS
21 - 4%T41c'C MINCERS
111605 ST!LCE]3 AE -12 Y! fac -xI in 10 FK. ..5-1.C. A- TiE CB
L DUXES
xYL3% Gh TIE EMI. !G! WY : r Bf COINq 1.5.1.2 .0 u»
writ EMU 5 : BE A%'IE] 10 S15I1:39 AWl 2 -11182
CCWVCBI 001,7. Ix Val MOO Etna Git EH:h Fifat
LSE TREE 15511445 MR MC Vat 11a. BD G:R 515 an-
00111 10 TS CUx AE TIVB[R SIRC MS 10 PE rat (2 TLL
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STAMEN VOWS
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5
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STAC]ERB
TIMBER DECKING PLAN
1NHETESNATER CREEK BRIDGE
11Y nGSCRace-511
OVER THE BERGFIELD RECREATION POND
CITY OF DUBUQUE
�[�' �1t�/ IOWA , IDUSUOU_ .YL'K9'
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