Phase 2 Historical and Architectural Survery
Eagle Point, 1946 Aerial View
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY
The Architectural And Historical Resources
of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey
Report:
Moll)! Myers Naunlarul, Ottunlwa
James E. Jacobsen, History Pays!
Des Moines
January 15, 2002
Eagle Point, 1946 Aerial View
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY
The Architectural And Historical Resources
of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey
Report:
Molly Myers Naumann, Ottumwa
James E. Jacobsen, History Pays!
Des Moines
January 15,2002
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Cathedral of Elms, Rhomberg Street, c.1960 photograph
(courtesy Dubuque County Historical Society)
Credits and Acknowledgements:
This project has been funded with the assistance of a matching grant-in-aid from the State Historical Society of Iowa,
Community Programs Bureau, through the Department of the Interior, National Park Service, under provisions of the
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966; the opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of the Department of the
Interior.
This project received Federal funds from the National Park Service. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior
strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in Federally Assisted Programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or
handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by
a recipient of federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, 1849 C Street NW, D.C. 20240
Cover Photo Credit:
State Historical Society of Iowa, Photographic Collection, Register & Tribune aerial photo dated August 7,
1946, photo #9207. The "Cathedral of [Elm] Trees" is plainly visible running along the centerline of northeast
half of the point.
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
INTRODUCTION:
This is Phase II of an intensive architectural and historical survey of the entire City of Dubuque.
Phase I was a two-part project: the first being the identification and development of historic contexts
and property types for the city; while the second was conducting an intensive level survey and
evaluation of properties located in the Washington/Jackson/Elm Street area north of the central
business district. Phase I was completed in 2000.
Survey Area Map (north to top of map, dashed line denotes survey area)
The current survey was conducted in a geographic area northeast of the original plat of the
City of Dubuque. It contains two distinct areas: the Rhomberg/Eagle P oint neighborhood which
consists primarily of three streets (Garfield, Rhomberg and Lincoln) running NE/SW from Kniest to Eagle
Point; and, the Linwood district, which consists of streets located on the hillside between 22 nd Street
and Linwood Cemetery, from Queen to Jefferson Middle School. Originally Lake Peosta separated the
neighborhood from the Mississippi River to the south except at the far northeast end. The survey area is
primarily residential in nature, but it also contains examples of commercial, industrial, educational, and
religious properties.
Overall, the Phase II survey area can best be described as a working class neighborhood with
corner stores and neighborhood schools and churches. In 1921 Dubuque changed many street
names, and others were changed prior to that. The following changes were made in the Phase II
survey area:
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And HistoricarReso"u'rces of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Oriqinal Name
Lake
High
Division
Eagle Point
Sanford
Present Name
Garfield
Rhomberg
Lincoln
22nd
24th
General Descriptive Observations, Phase" Survey Area
The Phase II survey area incorporated two different neighborhoods in the northeast part of
Dubuque: the Rhomberg/Eagle Point area; and, the Linwood area. While these two are similar, the
reason for their development was different, and it was somewhat difficult to evaluate them
simultaneously. However, both are primarily working class/middle class residential neighborhoods, with
small to medium sized housing. Brick is an important building material, but there appears to be an
equal number of frame houses, and concrete block emerges as a popular building material in the
early 20th century. The areas include corner stores, and neighborhood schools and churches. The
primary period of development is the late 19th/early 20th century. The architecture is primarily
vernacular, with a few architect designed, high style houses and buildings included.
Rhomberg, viewed west towards Windsor
The survey area is narrow and elongated and there is no vantage point from which its entirety
can be observed. The west end or southernmost corner, is substantially lower in elevation than is the
rest of the point (see photo above).
Historically the east-west flow of travel has dominated Eagle Point. None of the north-running
roads located east of the Couler Valley went anywhere apart from serving access to a few farms.
Roosevelt and Shiras A venue only recently gained connections. Despite this fact, Shiras A venue is
recommended for survey and evaluation of a number of very early houses and outbuildings.
HISTORIC CONTEXTS
Five historic contexts were identified and developed during Phase I:
Frontier City on the Mississippi River, 1833- 1858
The Key City, 1859-1893
Fitful Growth and Maturation, 1893-1910
An Era of Stability, 1910-1955
The Architecture of Dubuque, 1833-1955
4
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Properties relating to each of these contexts are found within the current survey.
Frontier City on the Mississippi River: 1833- 1858:
Following the opening of the area for settlement in 1833, and while the original portion of
Dubuque was being settled, several enterprising men looked farther north along the Mississippi River
and purchased land in an area known as Eagle Point. In 1835 a county road was laid out, beginning
at Eagle Point and running to the Territorial Road, and thence to a county road. Somewhat later the
supervisor's commission ordered that W.G. Stewart and Chester Sage (Supervisors of Roads) "work"
said road, thereby facilitating travel from Eagle Point to Dubuque.
Eagle Point area map, c.1870 (Dubuque County Historical Society)
Note Ham holdings and the single Eagle Point road, described below.
This road appears to have connected Eagle Point with Couler Avenue (now Central). There has been
a great deal of discussion concerning which of the present streets (Garfield, Rhomberg, Lincoln, or
High Bluff) was the original road. Although the exact route of this road has not been determined, from
this map it appears that the 1835 route followed what is now known as Garfield.
On June 17, 1837 the following notice appeared in Iowa News (p3, c3), "serving Dubuque,
Upper Mississippi Lead Mines, and Wisconsin Territory":
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Sale of Lots
In the town of
EAGLE POINT
This town which is laid off by the proprietors, is delightfully situated on the west
bank of the Mississippi River, about one mile north of the _ line of the town of
Dubuque, and immediately opposite Mississippi City, at which place commences the
great Railroad which is to form an entire line of communications between the Mississippi
River and Lake Michigan. The commercial advantages of this town as well as its
proximity to the rich mineral and agricultural country back of it, need not be
enumerated to those acquainted with the situation. Its central position and
commanding location will at once be observed by a slight reference to the map of the
Territory. The steamboat landing is inferior to none from St. Louis to St. Peters. No town
in the far west can boast of a more healthy location - springs of the best and purest of
water are found in abundance gushing out from the cliff at the rear of the town. The
sale will take place on the ground on the 15th day of July next.
TERMS - 10% down, the terms or payment of the balance will be liberal and
made known on the day of the sale.
Thomas McCraney
Mathias Ham
F.K. 0 I Ferrall
John Foley
Eagle Point, June 17, 1837
_-r<--~..""r:;:....~, 'iI, '
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7J ~~-
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,v' 'ill r~/>''' J:iLi :':iJf/i t\'"
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. I~~f!~! ~~'?t?
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Ham's Addition (Dubuque County Historical Society)
No documentation has been located concerning the success, or failure, of the sale of lots on
July 15,1837. At that point lead mining operations were in place north of Dubuque, in the Couler
Valley, and possibly in the Eagle Point area as well. These were shaft mines rather than the surface
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
digs found to the south (Wilkie" pp 143-4). Eagle Point was one of several small settlements in the area
that eventually were included in the boundaries of the city of Dubuque when it was incorporated
under authority of the Iowa Territorial Legislature in January 1840.
Mathias Ham (one of the original proprietors of the town of Eagle Point), had arrived in the
area in 1833 and over the next few years purchased 25,000 acres along the Mississippi River. Included
in those acres were Mineral Lots 304 and 305. These lots extended from Eagle Point proper southwest
toward downtown Dubuque. Around 1839 Ham built a small cottage of native limestone on his land.
In 1854 he platted much of Mineral Lots 304 and 305 as Ham's Addition to the City of Dubuque. This
addition contained over 600 lots and extended from the Mississippi River southwest (from Tenth to First
Street). The major NE/SW streets were Main, High, Division, and Bluff (now Garfield, Rhomberg, Lincoln,
and High Bluff). Ham's cottage was located on lot 537 at the corner of what was then 5th and Division,
now Shiras and Lincoln. Two large lots, 207 and 208, indicate a plan for a public square bordered by
Sixth and Seventh streets, Main and High. During the Civil War Camp Franklin was apparently located
on these lots. T
In 1857 Ham enlarged his stone cottage into a fine two-and-one-half story Italianate style
residence, complete with octagonal belvedere. The stone used in construction was not native, but
had been shipped from Nauvoo, Illinois (Sommer, pp 62-64). The Ham residence (National Register of
Historic Places) is located on a hillside overlooking the plain toward the river. It must have presented
an elegant appearance in the 1850s.
HAM HOUSE FROM SOMMER P 64
The Dubuque Dailey Times noted (5-9-1859, p 3, c 2)
One of the pleasantest of the drives leading out from town is that which goes
to Eagle Point. One in going there passes through a magnificent collection of natural
beauties - not the least of which surround the palatial residence of Mathias Ham, Esq.
Green ridged banks, massive, rocky uplands, groves just bursting into a wilderness of
leaf and blossom, the imposing bluffs, the wide reaching river losing itself in the blue
distance, the long stretch of greensward swelling, hollowed, flattened like some green
sea, all unite in making the scene one full of beauty and grandeur.
Other events indicate that there was a strong interest in this area of the city. Some of the
earliest expansion out of the downtown area was to the northeast. In 1851 the city purchased ten
acres east of Couler Valley for Linwood Cemetery, and it is believed that a ferry connecting Eagle
Point with the state of Wisconsin was established that same year (any ferry from the point had to go
well downstream in order to find a dry landing point on the "mainland"). During the period 1854-57
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of DUbuqJe, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point: I
Dubuque's population grew from 6,634 to almost 16,000. Construction fig~res for that period indicate
that over 1,600 new buildings (including residences) were built in the city, but there is no breakdown
by neighborhood or ward. Although the 1858-59 City Directory does not Iih any businesses in the
survey area itself, it does list several just west along Couler between 19th a~d Eagle Point (now Twenty-
Second Street) indicating that development was creeping north. These businesses included wagon
makers, boarding houses, breweries, groceries, and the Jackson Hotel. While there were undoubtedly
a number of houses and buildings constructed in the neighborhood by1858, only the Mathias Ham
residence has been documented. Others would have been small vernacular houses/buildings, many
of wood frame construction. It is possible that one building at 2226 Rhomberg may date to this period,
but no proof has been located. It appears that construction was taking plpce at both the east and
west ends of the Rhomberg neighborhood, with a vast, unsettled area in the middle.
By the close of the first historic context, "Frontier City on the MiSSiSSidpi: 1833-1858," this
northeast part of town was established. I
Alfred Waud lithograph, Eagle Point Near Dubuque, 1872
Note scattered buildings and train. I
The Key City: 1859-1893:
Dubuque began to recover from the Panic of 1857-58 by the mid-1860's. Local newspapers
proudly noted new construction, not only commercial buildings and churches, but residences as well.
During 1863 Woodworth and Jaeger built a frame brewery on the shore of Lake Peosta, along what is
now known as Garfield. This business is listed in the 1865 city directory as being located in Eagle Point,
evidently a generic name for the area east of Couler. Other businesses in the neighborhood included
a basket maker, John Lannoive, and a grocery run by Peter Vogenthaler. In ~September 1867 the
Telegraph Herald made mention that George Ade was having a structure built at the corner of Lake
(Garfield) and Johnson, and two frame tenements costing $1,000 were being built on Lake for George
and Leonard Bohler. During 1869 residential construction continued in the survey area, with eight
houses along Lake (including a two story brick for C. Stafford near the 5th Wald School), six houses on
High (Rhomberg), a one and one-half story brick for George Gehrig on Division (lincoln), three houses
on Eagle Point (Twenty-second Street), and one on Windsor. The city directdry of that year listed two
businesses in the survey area: John Behrens was operating a brickyard at the 'corner of Division near
Lake (Lincoln near Garfield), and, John Schneider had a meat market at the hortheast corner of
Division (Lincoln) and Windsor. !
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of DUbuqt, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectnral Snrvey Report, Rhomherg-Eagle Point: I
A c.mid-1870s view toward Dubuque from Eagle Point Park bluffs
The west end of the survey area (around Kniest) is shown on the 18721 birds eye view of
DUbuque by Augustus Koch. The area is sparsely settled with the land trom l<iniest west approximately
two blocks, and from Lake north to Eagle Point Road, almost totally empty. To the east, between
Kniest and Johnson, is a large three story building surrounded by trees. This Was the original Audubon
School. High and Division streets are not cut through to Kniest, ending at JoHnson. There is a cluster of
buildings/houses along Lake between Kniest and Johnson (across from the railroad shops), and other
along High from Johnson east to the intersection with Windsor. It is interesting to note that the area
along Couler, Washington, and Jackson is almost totally built-up.
The decade of the 1870's appears to have been a period of substantial growth and
development at both the east and west ends of the Rhomberg neighborhoo~, and the Linwood
neighborhood along Windsor. Each year the city directories listed more and more commercial
ventures in this area, and the newspapers noted housing construction as weill A major reason for this
development was the construction of the Chicago, Dubuque and Minnesotd (later the Chicago,
Milwaukee and St. Paul) railroad shops just southeast of the intersection of La~e and Johnson. Their
tracks ran parallel to Lake from the shops to Eagle Point. These shops provideb employment for over
100 people. Convenient, affordable housing for the railroad workers necessitbted the construction of
single family dwellings, boarding houses, and flats in the Rhomberg neighborKood. For example, J.K.
Graves had a two story brick double tenement (with outhouses) constructed ~m Lake near Reid in 1872,
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point: I
several other brick residences were built along Lake, High and Division, and a number of small frame
houses along each of the main streets, but much of the construction was found along Lake. Brick
commercial buildings began appearing on corner lots, and a pair of greenhouses was constructed on
Division near First.
1872 Bird I s Eye View
(John Reps, Cities of the Mississiooi, Columbia, Missouri, University of Missouri Press, 1994)
Eagle Point Boatworks and Limeworks, Rock Quarry (left rear), c.1890
(courtesy Dubuque County Historical Society, Photo # 1 {381)
The Eagle Point Marine Works was established by Johnson and Gaylor~ in 1870 at the river end
of the neighborhood. These marine ways were called the "best and most perfect of any on the upper
river," and provided work for 50-100 men depending on the season (Dubuqu~ Daily Times, June 15,
1871) Other commercial enterprises at Eagle Point included the Diamond Jo Boatyard and the
10
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point: :
Dubuque Wooden Ware Co. These businesses led to the construction of ~ore housing at the east
end of the neighborhood. August Roeber opened a brickyard at the cor~er of High and 5th
(Rhomberg and Stanton) in the early 1870s to meet the demand for buildihg brick. Like many other
businessmen he built his residence, a two story brick house with side gablei entry, near his workplace in
1878. The neighborhood was starting to fill in the middle from each end.
Diamond Jo Boatyard and Marine Ways, c.1903
(courtesy Dubuque County Historical Society
and Area Research Center, University of Wisconsin, LaCrosse)
By the late-1870s the Rhomberg neighborhood between Kniest and Eagle Point boasted a
variety of businesses, some clustered at the intersection of Rhomberg (High) land Kniest, and others
found on street corners along Rhomberg, Lincoln (Division), and Garfield (Lake). These businesses
provided a range of goods and service from bakers to coopers to meat markets and wagonmakers.
The ample number of saloons was outmatched only by the number of grocers.
Detail, Andreas Atlas, 1875
11
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
The map of the City of Dubuque that appeared in the A. T. Andreas Illustrated Historical Atlas of
the State of Iowa 1875 (see above) shows a well developed street pattern in the survey area with few
changes from today except for street name changes and the fact that Division and High streets do
not extend to Kniest. The Chicago, Dubuque and Minnesota tracks are shown running parallel to Lake
Street along the shore of Lake Peosta, and the roundhouse is located just southeast of the tracks near
Lake and Johnson streets. Mathias Ham's Addition is easily recognizable with its long narrow blocks
and the slight dogleg to the northeast. Linwood Cemetery is shown with a number of individually
planned sections.
The growth of the Rhomberg and Linwood areas is illustrated by the creation of the Sacred
Heart parish in 1879 by a division of the St. Mary's parish. A brick church was built near the corner of
Eagle Point and Windsor. A parochial school was built in 1881, a rectory was constructed in 1882, and
a residence for the Sisters followed in 1883. Sacred Heart's congregation was primarily German in
origin, with a smattering of Luxembourgers as well. By 1884 the church was too small and a much
larger church (seating 1,200) was built immediately to the east. This building was designed by
Dubuque architect Fridolin Heer in the Romanesque Revival style. It is of red brick construction with
limestone trim. Measuring 63' x 160' the church features two asymmetrical towers (135' and 200')
flanking the front entrances. When the new church was completed the old church was converted
into a school building. Marquette Hall was built on the northwest corner of the property in 1915 to
accommodate a growing school enrollment. The original small church and the Sister's residence were
demolished in the 1980s to provide parking, but the rectory, Marquette Hall, and the 1888 church
stand as testament to the strength of the German community and the expansion of the neighborhood
east of Couler.
The Sacred Heart complex is located at the intersection of Eagle Point and Windsor, the
dividing point between the Rhomberg and Linwood districts. Development along Windsor was
consistent with that along Lake and High. As the main route to Linwood Cemetery, Windsor was the
site of a florist and greenhouses, and neighborhood stores as well as small cottages and prosperous
two story brick residences.
Detail, 1889 Perspective Map of the City of Dubuque, Iowa
(shows the area west of Windsor)
In the 1880s Lake was cut through between Washington and Couler, and both Division and
High streets were cut through to the west linking to Elm Street thereby connecting the neighborhood
with the rest of II north Dubuque." In 1887 the streetcar line was extended to Eagle Point via High
(Rhomberg), and by 1892 the streetcar ran to Linwood Cemetery via Windsor. The availability of this
new form of transportation encouraged more residential development near both routes. The 1889
birds eye view of Dubuque shows heavy development from Lake to Eagle Point, from Kniest to just east
12
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
of Windsor. It painfs a very different picture tram the sparsely populated 1872 view. From this point on
it appears that development was constant in both the Rhomberg and Linwood districts. The
newspapers were full of construction notes for frame and brick dwellings, both small cottages and
larger two story residences, along almost all of the streets in the survey area. August Roeber added a
"mammoth" new stationary brick kiln to his brickyard between Garfield and Lincoln, Charles
Neumeister, had a two story building constructed to house flats on the second floor with his meat
market below, near the corner of 6th (Shiras) and Rhomberg, Charles Kruse had a store and flats built at
Queen and Sanford (24th), and a "double store and flats" was built by Peter Scharle at Lake (Garfield)
and Johnson. City directories from the mid-1880s list a number of new businesses in the area such as a
brass foundry on Lake, carpet weavers, cigar manufacturers, and a skating rink. Ten years iater the
brass foundry has become Smedley Manufacturing at the northwest corner at Garfield and Kniest, a
drug store, boarding houses, a hotel, and milliners have been added, and for the first time, saloons
outnumber grocers. Roeber's brickyard and the one owned by Dietrich Bros. (Lincoln between Fengler
and Ann), the lime works owned by George Fengler, the boat works at Eagle Point, and the Dubuque
Woodenware are all flourishing enterprises.
Detail, 1892 Dubuque Plat
The 1892 city plat shows the streetcar lines running on both Windsor and Rhomberg, the
Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul roundhouse and shops, Linwood Cemetery, Sacred Hart Church and
School, Audubon Public School, the 3,d Presbyterian Church and Parsonage at Garfield and Stafford,
Marshall School, Rhomberg Park (bordered by Rhomberg, Garfield, 7th and 8th), the lime kilns at Eagle
Point, and the Eagle Point boat landing and ferry.
13
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Streetcar routes, 1920s
Two lines diverge from Couler/Central, via 22nd Street to the cemetery,
following Windsor and via 20th Street out Rhomberg to the point and Eagle Point Park.
Fitful Growth and Maturation: 1893-1910
Residential development continued, with dwellings being built throughout the Rhomberg and
Linwood districts. Most of these residences from the la te 1880s-191 0 were relatively small, one or one
and one-half story houses, many with a front gable entry. Although brick was an important building
material, there were an equal number of frame dwellings. Houses are sited near the front of the lots,
allowing a large backyard for gardens. For the most part, there is a single dwelling per lot, but in some
instances houses were grouped in pairs on the lots producing an almost solid line of facades. In rare
occasions there are large houses that occupy two or more lots.
Eagle Point Bridge, photo by P. H. Wagner, c.1902, view northeast
(courtesy Dubuque County Historical Society)
In 1902 the Eagle Point Bridge linking Iowa and Wisconsin was opened with much fanfare.
Although there was an 1887 wagon bridge three miles south of Eagle Point which linked Dubuque to
East Dubuque, Illinois, it was said that the Wisconsin farmers found it inconvenient and time-consuming
to make the longer trip necessary to use it. The opening of the vehicle bridge at Eagle point opened
a trade area of approximately 40,000 people on the Wisconsin side. Cost of this four span steel bridge,
more than half a mile in total length, was $110,000 plus $25,000 spent by the City of Dubuque to build
the approach at the west end. It was designed by architects E.C. and R.M. Shankland of Chicago.
The main portion of the bridge was 85' above the river bottom, allowing more than sufficient room for
flood waters to flow beneath it (Dubuque Enterprise, 27 April 1902, p 1).
14
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Travelers approached the Eagle Point bridge along Rhomberg Avenue, leading to a curving
road by the lime works, that was cut into the side ot the bluff and served as the approach to the lowo
end ot the bridge. The drive along Rhomberg took them through the "Cathedral ot Elms" which had
been planted by J.A. Rhomberg. For decades the Rhomberg Elms (trom the 1600 block to Lincoln)
were the envy ot the rest ot Dubuque and were cited as an example ot good public landscaping.
This developing neighborhood became large enough by 1905 that the tire department built a
new engine house at the corner ot High and Reed (Rhomberg and Marshall). The two-story brick
building ot Hose Company #6 housed a single engine with living quarters above. Marshall Elementary
School was located on the halt block across the street southwest ot the engine house. In 1906 the
original Audubon School building was replaced by a modern two and one-halt story plus basement
building. Enrollment at Audubon was much higher than at Marshall, probably due to the tact that the
neighborhood around Marshall was still sparsely built-up. Construction starts were noted in the
Telegraph Herald. In 1905 these included a carpenter shop near Windsor and Eagle Point, a grocery
and residence on Rhomberg, and a saw mill at Eagle Point as well as seven residences and one
remodeling in the Rhomberg neighborhood. The tollowing year contractor Chris Voelker built eight
houses on Lincoln with the average cost being $2300-2900. These appear to be part ot the group ot
Voelker houses in the 1200 block ot Lincoln between Fengler and Ann streets. In ) 910 Voelker built
another group ot houses in the neighborhood, these located in the 1300 block ot Rhomberg.
Industry in the Rhomberg/Linwood districts was located primarily along G artield and at the east
end along the Mississippi River. An exception to this was Morrison Brothers. Manutacturing located
along the railroad tracks between 241h and 251h streets. Morrison Brothers began as a small
manutacturer ot boilers and expanded into a large tacility producing steel tanks, brass tittings, etc. In
1909 along Garfield the Smedley Steam Pump Co. and Key City Paper Box Factory were located near
the intersection ot Knies/, with the Eagle Valley Works (brass casket tittings) and the Garfield Hotel in
the next block east. The railroad yards were across the street, so there was no residential or
commercial development along that side ot Garfield until the 900 block. The river end ot the
neighborhood boasted the Dubuque Woodenware and Lumber Co., Fengler's Lime Works, and the
Eagle Point Boat Yard.
r~...~
Eagle Point Lime Works, George Fengler, proprietor (established 1890)
(courtesy Dubuque County Historical Society)
While each of these employed a number of workers, the largest employer in the area
remained the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad. It has long been said in Dubuque that the
15
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY..The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837.1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Rhomberg/Eagle Point neighborhood grew up to provide housing for railroad workers. A check of the
1910 city directory listings for Garfield. Rhomberg and Lincoln shows that a large number of the
residents were indeed employed by the railroad. Of the 114 residents listed on Garfield. 39 (34%) were
Chicago. Milwaukee & st Paul employees. 100 of the 250 listed on Rhomberg (40%), and 57 of 189 on
Lincoln (32%) worked for the railroad. An average of 36% of the neighborhood residents had direct
connections to the railroad. With figures like this it is easy to understand that the Rhomberg/Linwood
districts are primarily working class neighborhoods.
The Rhomberg/Eagle Point area was first included on the Sanborn Fire Insurance maps in 1909.
These maps show a neighborhood of small to medium-sized houses, most being one or one and one-
half stories, with a mixture of frame and brick dwellings. There is a pattern of houses located near the
front of the lot with large back yards that is consistent throughout the neighborhood. The heaviest
concentration of houses/buildings is found along Rhomberg, in the block from Kniest to Johnson. The
area in the center of the neighborhood, especially along Lincoln and Garfield has a number of empty
lots. The part of the Linwood district from Eagle Point (22nd) to Sanford (24th) along Queen and Windsor
is also shown. This area is more fully developed.
Traffic through the neighborhood along Rhomberg became even heavier when the city
purchased 85 acres in 1908 to create Eagle Point Park. Within a few years (1912) the streetcar line was
extended up the hill and into the park where a turn-about was built to allow the cars to return to the
city. With such ease of transportation. Eagle Point Park soon became a favorite spot for leisure
activities.
An Era of Stability: 1910-1955:
Although the period of major settlement for the city of Dubuque as a whole was complete.
both the Rhomberg/Eagle Point and Linwood districts continued to experience new construction
during this period. In the Rhomberg area much of this was precipitated by the development of Eagle
Point Park and an increase in auto transportation. Both of these drew traffic farther east in the
neighborhood, encouraging construction of new houses.
An indication that the neighborhood was growing was the division of the Sacred Heart parish
by the organization of the Holy Trinity parish in 1910. The new Holy Trinity Church was built on a totally
empty city block of Rhomberg between Hamilton and Whittier (1700 block). Dubuque architect
Martin Heer designed the building in the Romanesque Revival style. Like Sacred Heart it was of red
brick construction with limestone trim. At the same time a red brick school/priest's house was built
behind the church. The Franciscan brothers of St. Louis were in charge of the parish. A large brick
school building was erected in 1929, and a sister's house was in place by 1936. Today this complex fills
the entire city block. Like Sacred Heart. much of the Holy Trinity parish was of German descent. The
size of the school building speaks to the large Roman Catholic population of this neighborhood.
Local newspapers noted in 1912 that there was a shortage of "suitable cottages" and a need
for new house construction. Between 1912 and 1914 many new houses were built in the north end
(including the Linwood and Rhomberg areas) and to the west. An extension of the West Locust
streetcar line encouraged the westward development. At a nickel a ride. workers could live most
anywhere in the city and easily commute to their jobs. New houses were built along and near these
carlines throughout the survey area. As noted earlier, Chris Voelker was responsible for a number of
houses along both Lincoln and Rhomberg. Houses were built individually or as part of a group. On
Garfield there were three concrete block bungalows built in the 11 00 block, and between 1918 and
1921. a whole block of houses was built on Marquette Place. Many of the vacant lots in the middle of
the Rhomberg area acquired houses during this period.
Windsor was "made over" in 1916, improving accessibility to Linwood Cemetery. In 1918
Dubuque followed the trend across the country with the construction of a $150,000 tuberculosis
hospital, "Sunnycrest," on the bluff overlooking Eagle Point. Today this complex serves as the county
16
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuq'ue, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
care facility. Another large public building was constructed on the bluff to the southwest in 1924. The
city's growth to the north was reflected in the construction of Jefferson Junior High School at the top of
the bluff above both Linwood and Rhomberg. This Tudor Revival building was a model for modern
schools of the period. The new (1924) waterworks buildings at the far end of Rhomberg were a
simplified version of this same style, with the key design elements being stone-capped brick buttresses.
The new waterworks and improved pumping equipment made possible the extension of miles of new
mains throughout the city.
In the late 1920's the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul moved their shops from Dubuque, leaving
600 people unemployed. As noted earlier, many of these workers lived in the Rhomberg/Eagle Point
neighborhood. Although this remained a working class neighborhood, new housing construction from
this point on would not be based on the needs of railroad employees. A 1935 map showing new
housing starts between 1924 and 1934 showed a number in the Linwood area, and some scattered
through the Rhomberg neighborhood, including a dozen built along Garfield.
One impetus in increased development was the construction of a new and expanded water
works on Eagle Point beginning in 1921. A three-year distribution system expansion increased the
milage of river mains by 27 percent. The impetus for the project was the reduction of fire insurance
rates (Reoort of the City of Dubuaue, 1924).
New Waterworks Plant, 1924
(Reoort of the City of Dubuaue, 1924)
In 1936 the first Comprehensive Plan for the city of Dubuque was released. It made a number
of recommendations including several which impacted the Rhomberg/Eagle Point and Linwood
areas: establishing main thoroughfares through the city, including Rhomberg; encouraging the
development of neighborhood Shopping areas (already in place on many street corners); the
widening of Garfield to provide a second major access to the Eagle Point area; and, the
development of Ham's Island for industrial use. The "Rhomberg Elms" were again mentioned as a fine
example of public landscaping and other neighborhoods were encouraged to consider such
plantings. Several different studies were done in Dubuque during the 1930's. The result of one
demographic study showed that 55.5% of the Dubuquers were Roman Catholic. At this time there
were twelve Catholic churches in Dubuque and ten parochial elementary schools. Two of the
churches and two of the parochial schools were located in the Rhomberg/Eagle Point and Linwood
areas.
Depression Era projects provided jobs for Dubuque as a whole, and had a direct impact on the
Rhomberg neighborhood. As part of the nine-foot channel project on the Upper Mississippi River the
Zebulon Pike Lock and Dam No. 11 was built between 1934 and 1937. This dam was located just
17
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
upstream from the Eagle Point Bridge. Land access to this project was directly through the Rhomberg
area. About 900 people were employed at the peak of construction, making this one of the largest (if
not the largest) public works projects in Dubuque. (O'Brien, pp 166-7) Construction in Eagle Point Park
during this period included the pavilion and shelters. Again, access to this construction project was
gained through the Rhomberg neighborhood. Eagle Point Park had developed into a very popular
spot for gatherings of all kinds. The availability of streetcar service to the park had a great deal to do
with this prior to the popularity of automobiles. Near the end of the Depression a new Marshall
Elementary School was built on the site of the original building. This was a simple Art Deco design
executed in light tan brick with stone details. Obviously, the Rhomberg neighborhood was showing
continued growth or a new school would not have been constructed. More of the vacant lots were
being filled with small to medium size houses. Several of these along Lincoln were brick English
cottages with stone trim around arched front doors and distinctive chimneys.
Following World War II Dubuque experienced a housing boom. In addition to dwellings being
built to house returning veterans, much of the boom was due to the new John Deere plant north of
town. Major floods in the early 1950s played a significant role in the Garfield part of the Rhomberg
neighborhood. Sand from the area was used to fill sandbags for the flood levees, creating several
very low spots along the south side of the street. Following the floods of the '50s the city decided to
incorporate the area south of Garfield and the railroad tracks into the proposed industrial park. What
had been the bed of Lake Peosta was filled and the area was opened for development. Several
houses from the Ham's Island part of the industrial park were moved to Garfield, and other new
houses, most of ranch style design, were built along the south side of the street. These houses
represent the "new" construction in the Rhomberg/Eagle Point survey area.
The major change in the neighborhood included in this Phase II survey has been the closing of
the Eagle Point Bridge, and the re-routing of highway traffic out of the area. Rhomberg continues to
be a busy street, but it carries much less traffic than in past decades. New industrial development to
the south can be accessed via Hawthorne Street at the river end, and by Fengler in the middle of the
neighborhood. The most common way of entering both the Linwood and Rhomberg areas continues
to be north on Central and east on either 20th or 22nd streets, the same way development occurred a
century and one-half ago.
The Architecture of Dubuque: 1833-1955
No where in Dubuque is vernacular design more prominent than in the Rhomberg/Eagle Point
and Linwood areas. Lawrence Sommer was very aware of the community's vernacular heritage and
wrote of these houses,
They are, to a large extent, the anonymous architecture of the working classes and
were not noted by the newspapers when built or torn down. They are not fully
understood by architects and little appreciated by historians. Nevertheless, they are
the most representative type of Dubuque architecture. (pp 75-76)
As noted earlier, the Phase II survey area is primarily a working class neighborhood with corner
stores and neighborhood schools and churches. The houses were built primarily as single-family
dwellings, although there is an occasional duplex or apartment house (flats) intermingled with the
individual units. Most of the houses are one or one and one-half story cottages with a smattering of
two story residences. The houses are placed near the front lot line, with large open areas to the rear,
probably for gardens or the many out-buildings which are no longer in place. Ordinarily there is a
single house per lot, but sometimes there are two. This is especially true in the case of developers or
builders who constructed a series of houses at one time. Rarely in this neighborhood are there large
houses that occupy more than one lot.
The earliest documented house in this neighborhood is that of Mathias Ham. It is known that
the original stone cottage was constructed in 1839, with the major remodeling into an Ital ianate style
18
... -'~~;.-""'-.,'~r~r-''''
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
house with octagonal tower taking place in 1857. However there may well be other early houses in
this neighborhood which have not been documented. The 900-1000 blocks of High Bluff contain at
least two houses that appear to be very early. These are located on the north side of the street and
are partially built into the hillside. Both are two stories with side gable entry and share characteristics
with the early French houses found along the Mississippi River from southern Missouri southward. No
information has been located on these houses or their original owners. The 2200 block of Rhomberg
contains two houses which may date to the 1850s but are probably somewhat later. The house at
2226 Rhomberg is the best example. It is a two-story front gable house that is built into the hillside. The
lower level is of limestone while the second floor and fa<;ade are of clapboard. A single entrance is
centered on the facade. This could well have been a commercial building with housing above.
2226 RHOMBERG
A two-story brick house at 1103 Garfield is now covered with stucco scored to look like stone.
Located on a corner lot this house sets back from the street. It features an asymmetrical side gable
entry and has a two-story wing to the rear. The present owner says that this house dates to 1835.
While this date may be somewhat early, it is possible that this residence pre-dates the Civil War.
Another two-story house that appears to be of the same period is found on the corner of Farley and
High Bluff. This is constructed of large stone blocks, possibly quarried nearby, with a low-pitched hip
roof. Like many in the area it is built into the side of the hill.
Brick is one of the key elements of Dubuque's architecture. While almost all towns along the
Mississippi have large numbers of brick residences and commercial buildings, Dubuque is unique in
both the quantity and quality of its brick structures. The Phase II survey area is a mixture of brick and
frame construction. Many of the houses recorded during this survey project are of brick construction,
primarily because brick houses usually are less altered than their frame equivalents. These houses are
representative of vernacular design in Dubuque.
The majority of the brick houses in the neighborhood are examples of gable front design. These
vary from one, to one and one-half, to two stories in height. The primary design element is that each
has the entry on the gable end. Some feature a central entry, but most have the door off-set to one
side indicating a side hall floor plan. The defining characteristic that divides these houses into
separate groups is the treatment of the top of the windows.
In most of Iowa's Mississippi River towns it is possible to date the construction of a brick house or
building by the treatment of the top of the window. Prior to the Civil War most brick structures
featured windows with a simple lintel, either timber or stone, across the top. From c.1865 on most
windows were segmental arched. This has not proven to be true in the Phase II survey area, given that
lintel typess were used in Dubuque later than in many communities. The flat lintel treatment appears
to be contemporary with the arched fenestration, and in the survey area these appear to date
between 1870 and 1900.
19
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
The most basic treatment is a simple brick segmental arch as seen on the house at 1521
Rhomberg.
1521 Rhomberg
A variation on this is a se
stone (1609 Rhomberg).
1609 Rhomberg
Another variation is the simple cast (or stone) arch with smooth finish (2208 Rhomberg).
2208 Rhomberg
20
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
And finally, the cast arch has an incised design and may have corner blocks and key stone (1624
Rhomberg) .
1624 Rhomberg
The lintels above the windows have the same type of variations. The plain stone lintel has no
design and matches the stone sill such as this house at 1315 Rhomberg.
1315 Rhomberg
A step beyond this is the plain stone lintel with "dog ears" (2011 Rhomberg).
2011 Rhomberg
A more elaborate treatment has incised designs as well as "dog ears" (1620 Rhomberg).
21
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
1620 Rhomberg
The second type of brick house found in the neighborhood is the side gable design. It features
the entry on the side, rather than end, of the house. These may be a single story cottage or a fine two-
story residence. A symmetrical fac;ade is the norm, but some houses have an off-set entry. The same
variety of window treatment is seen in the side gable houses.
An example of the single story cottage with off-set entry is found at 623 Lincoln.
623 Lincoln
The residence at 2018 Garfield is a good two-story example with symmetrical five bay fac;ade. In
addition, it has a fine entrance with transom and side-lights.
2018 Garfield
Frame examples of the gable end and side gable designs are found throughout the survey
area, but most have been altered, usually by the application of replacement siding.
22
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
2151 Farley
The property at 2151 Farley (c.1898) represents a duplex version of the side gable vernacular plan. The
Phase I and Phase II survey areas share a common Dubuque vernacular range of residential building
types, although the west end of Phase II most closely resembles the housing stock that defines all of
the Phase I area. Generally speaking, the Phase II area has a larger proportion of gable front houses
and cottages and many of these are shorter plans, less than a full two stories high. Side gable plans
are more plentiful in the Phase I area. Brick residences are equally well represented in both areas.
Two-story rear inset corner porches are found on most Phase I area houses but these are less common
in the Phase II area. A Phase II area example is shown below.
1302 Lincoln
In addition to the purely vernacular houses, there are houses with a touch of "high style" in the
survey area. A good example of a house with Italianate elements is found at 713 Lincoln. It features
the decorative hood molds with matching sills, a polygonal side bay with brackets, a full veranda
across the fa<;ade and rear side porch with brackets and turned millwork, and a canopied side entry
with brackets and pendents, The brick residence rests on a water table of dressed stone. The cross
gable roof has a denticulated cornice and cornice returns. This is one of the few houses in the
neighborhood that is located on a larger lot.
23
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
713 Lincoln
The Second Empire style that was so popular for houses in the "downtown" area of Dubuque is
seen in the Rhomberg neighborhood at 1005 Lincoln. This is now the Bethany Home, but it was built as
the residence of Christian Loetscher. The original portion of the house was an elegant two story brick
with Mansard roof. As the Bethany Home has grown, pains have been taken to replicate the original
design. Although this house was probably architect designed, no architect has been identified.
1005 Lincoln
During the early years of the twentieth century a number of small craftsman houses and
bungalows were built on vacant lots in the neighborhood. These were affordable dwellings that
followed the idea that every workingman should own his own home. Several developers in Dubuque
were constructing houses for this market, but the one who can be directly associated with the survey
area is Chris Voelker. He not only built for the workingman, but often suggested building a double
house, or duplex, that would provide income to payoff the owner's mortgage. Voelker built individual
houses, but he also built groups of houses for resale. There are two sets of Voelker houses in the
Rhomberg neighborhood: one in the 1200 block of Lincoln; and the other in the 1300 block of
Rhomberg. These are all two-story residences with front gable entry and full porches across the
fac;ade. Some are of frame construction, and others were built using the popular new building
material, rusticated concrete block. Concrete block was advertised as the "building material of the
future." It looked like stone, it lasted like stone, it was fireproof like stone, but it was cheaper than
stone. Chris Voelker was a strong proponent of the material as he owned the Peer Amid Concrete Co.
that made the blocks locally.
Other builders were also using concrete blocks in residential construction. Three concrete
block bungalows were built on Garfield, and a series of small concrete block bungalows were built on
Marquette Place between 1918- 1921 .
24
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
1113 GARFIELD
Another popular house type early in the century was the "foursquare." These were usually two
stories, almost square in shape, with a hip or pyramidal roof. Again, these were scattered through the
neighborhood, being built on the vacant lots. Most were of wood frame construction, and most had a
broad porch across the fac;ade. The type is relatively uncommon in Dubuque. The example shown
below is quite late, 1929, and is elaborated with a brick veneer, arched porch and paired windows.
1616 Lincoln
This cubic building type could be made more elaborate by the addition of "high style" details and
shallow side wings. A good example of this is found at 2542 Stafford. The Neo-c1assical porch
elements as well as the larger scale, give the house a sense of importance.
2542 STAFFORD
25
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
The bungalow was probably the most popular style in the first quarter of the 20th century
although it is relatively uncommon in Dubuque. Some were architect designed but most were built by
local contractors from pattern books or catalog designs. The most stylish and elegant of the
bungalows in the survey area is a brick example with tile roof at 2001 Rhomberg.
2001 RHOMBERG
The English cottage is a variation on the Tudor Revival style that is most often found in
moderately priced neighborhoods. These were usually of brick construction with stone trim around
arched entrances and on the large exterior chimneys. A number of these were built, primarily along
Rhomberg and Lincoln, both before and after World War II. A good example is found at 901 Lincoln.
901 LINCOLN
1965 Prescott (1945)
26
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
A rare example of Art Moderne is found at 2003 Rhomberg. This stylized brick house from 1948
looks very out of place in this neighborhood of dwellings from earlier decades.
2003 RHOMBERG
In the middle of the single family homes in the Rhomberg/Eagle Point neighborhood are two
examples of Art Deco design. One is a two-story brick apartment building that was constructed in
1938. The other is the Marshall Elementary School that was built about the same time. It is unusual to
find two examples of this relatively rare style in a residential neighborhood.
2001 Shiras
1490 Rhomberg
27
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
New housing in the neighborhood following World War II consisted primarily of ranch houses
and a few split-levels. Several of these feature limestone veneer using blocks of different sizes and
shapes. For the most part these do not fall within the period of significance.
The commercial buildings located in the Phase II survey area are primarily two-story brick
structures, described by Longstreth as two-part commercial blocks. In almost all instances these are
free standing buildings located on street corners. Most have the flat roof sloping gently to the rear
that is seen in business districts, but two or three, such as the building at 2311 Windsor have a gable
roof. The gable roof is more common to residential design or very early (pre-1860) commercial
buildings. These date to the late 19th century and the owner or builder must simply have preferred the
gable roof. The building at 908 Rhomberg is more representative of those found in the survey area
with a flat roof, corbelled brick cornice and centered identification pediment with the date" 1894."
Both of these commercial buildings have a recessed central entrance flanked by large glass display
windows. These windows have a panel below and transom area above. Like the brick houses in the
neighborhood, these buildings retain a high degree of integrity. The C. Rettenmaier Store (1100
Lincoln) features a cast iron storefront, a corner turret, and an angled corner entryway, features more
typically found in the Phase I survey area.
908 Rhomberg (left), 2311 Windsor (right)
The two religious complexes in the survey area, Sacred Heart and Holy Trinity, are fine examples
of Romanesque Revival churches with architect designed school buildings. They are comparable to
other neighborhood parish churches in Dubuque which have been judged to be National Register
eligible and it is remarkable that the architectural merit of these Dubuque churches outpaces the best
church examples which most other towns erected. Both are consequently recommended as being
National Register eligible.
Holy Trinity (left) and Sacred Heart (right) Churches
28
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Residential Details, Phase II Survey Area:
Wooden lintel, stone foundation window
Wooden lintels are rare survivors from the earliest surviving buildings. Solid plain curved stone
lintels predate 1891. Curved lintels with straight "springstone" ends date from 1870 through 1900. Flat
stone lintels date from the 1880s through the turn of the century. Flat lintels with a centered pediment
and side brackets date to the mid-1880s. A triangular pediment arch with end brackets dates from
the early 1890s.
Stone voussoir basement arch
Brick arches also changed over time. Side wall semi-elliptical consist of two or more rows of
arched rowlock bricks and these are plainly executed. The same arches were built over the entire
range of brick load-bearing construction. Semi-circular arches with keystone and springstone block
inserts date from the mid-1870s. A brick arch which mimics the rounded stone arch, with a flat base
and a projecting brick cap, dates from 1870. A flat brick jack arch with rubbed bricks dates from the
late 1890s. A highly decorated flat brick arch with projecting brick tracery work dates from 1900.
29
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Stone lintel line, storefront
Two examples of the use of a solid stone lintel line set atop a cast iron storefront were found in
the Phase I survey area. Two others were found in the Phase II area (2311 Windsor)**
Original double doors, transom and carved stone lintel and porch detailing
Paired corner brackets and finial with sunburst ornament
30
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
2531 Windsor
The art glass transom at 2531 Windsor not only survives but it retains its original street address
number (603). It nicely represents the historical confusion wrought by the re-numbering and renaming
of streets.
2090 Emerson
Stone retaining walls made up of massive limestone blocks are found along the elevated
streets and alleys and in the east end of the survey area. These are ascribed to Depression-era
construction by the Works Progress Administration/Civilian Conservation Corps.
31
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-EaglePoiat~,i"
Master DubuQue Phase II (Rhombera/Eaale Point) Historical Prooerties List:
These properties were intensively researched and documented during this project.
Address:
Site Number:
Evaluation:
East 22nd Street:
400 (31-03451)
500 (31-00769)
504 (31-00770)
514 (31-03452)
518 (31-03453)
530-32 (31-00772)
635 (Sacred Heart Church)
(31-00779)
711 (31-00775)
715 (31-00776)
724 (31-00777)
National Register eligible
East 24th:
616
621
(31-03454)
(31-03455)
Althauser:
Jefferson Middle School (31-00621 )
1104 (31-03456)
National Register eligible
Edison:
864
(31-03457)
Farlev:
2151
(31-03458)
515
521
527
529-31-33
60 1 -03
929-31
1001
1003
1111
1113
1114
1211
1805
1823
1891-93
2020
2081
2083/85
2148/62
Garfield Street:
511 (Seminary, demolished) (31-01469)
(barn at back of property)
(31-03459)
(31-03460)
(31-03461 )
(31-03462)
(31-00471 )
(31-00476)
(31-03463)
(31-03464)
(31-034 65)
(31-03466)
(31-03467)
(31-03468)
(31-03470)
(31-03469)
(31-00481 )
(31-03471 )
(31-00482)
(31-03472)
(31-03473)
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
32
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Hiah Bluff:
943-45 (31-03474)
959 (31-03476)
981 (31-01590)
1127 (31-01592)
1196 (31-03477)
1292 (31-03616)
Johnson:
1907 (31-03478)
1911 (31-01820)
Kniest:
Kniest and Rhomberg District (31-03479
2007 (31-03480)
2011 (31-03481 )
2013 (31-03482)
2014 (31-03483)
2015 (31-03484)
2017 (31-03485)
1020 (31-03486)
2023 (31-03487)
2100 (31-03488)
2101 (31-03489)
2102 (31-03490)
2103 (31-03491 )
2104 (31-03492)
2105 (31-03493)
2106 (31-03494)
2108 (31-03495)
2109 (31-03496)
21 1 0- 1 2 (31-03497)
211 4- 1 6 (31-03498)
2117 (31-03499)
2120 (31-03500)
2124-26 (31-0350 1 )
2128 (31-03502)
Lincoln:
520 (31-01894)
526-28 (31-0 1 896)
532-34 (31-03503)
622 (31-01900)
623 (31-01901 )
701 (31-01902)
702 (31-01 903)
706 (31-01905)
707 (31-03504)
713 (31-0 1 906)
715 (31-03505)
716 (31-0 1 907)
808 (31-0 1 909)
809 (31-0 1 91 0)
812 (31-03506)
33
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
81 3 (31-0 1 0 1 1 )
81 4 (31-0 1 91 2)
81 7 (31-0 1 91 3)
824 (31-01 91 5)
901 (31-03507)
907 (31-03508)
916 (31-03509)
922 (31-01916)
11 00 (31-0 1 921 )
1005 (Bethany House) (31-01918)
1005 (Bethany House) (31-03623)
(Craftsman rear building)
1 0 1 4 (31-0 1 920)
1 1 06 (31-0 1 922)
District cottage grouping
(31-03620)
1111 (31-01923)
1113 (31-03621 )
1 1 1 7 (31-0 1 925)
1 1 21 (31-0 1 926)
Voelker House district (31-03565)
1201 (31-03566)
1203 (31-03567)
1205 (31-03568)
1207 (31-03569)
1209 (31-03570)
1 21 1 (31-03571 )
1213 (31-03572)
1 21 7 (31-03573)
1 21 9 (31-0357 4)
1 221 (31-0351 0)
1223 (31-03575)
1225 (31-03576)
1227 (31-03577)
1 229 (31-0351 1 )
1 230 (31-01 928)
1 30 1 (31-0351 2)
1302 (31-03619)
1 307 (31-0 1 931 )
1309 (31-03513)
1 40 1 (31-0 1 936)
1 6 1 5 (31-0 1 933)
1 6 1 6 (31-0351 4)
1 6 1 9 (31-0351 5)
1 621 (31-0 1 935)
1925 (31-03618)
2025 (31-03516)
2183 (31-0351 7)
2593 (31-03518)
2605 (31-03617)
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
Marauette Place:
2518
2550
2616
(31-03519 )
(31-03520)
(31-02264)
34
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
Marshall:
2054 (31-03521 )
Merz:
913 (31-02281 )
Morris Place:
812 (31-03531 )
Pleasant:
860 (31-03522)
Prescott:
1905 (31-03523)
1965 (31-03542)
1975 (31-03524)
National Register eligible
Providence:
Treat as district group 31-03475
704 (31-02373)
706 (31-02374)
710 (31-02375)
712 (31-02376)
Queen:
2200 (Sacred Heart school)
(31-02377)
(31-03525)
(31-02383)
(31-02384)
(31-02385)
(31-02386)
(31-03526)
(31-02387)
(31-02388)
(31-02390)
( 31-03527)
(31-03528)
2421
2426
2428
2432
2435
2516
2520
2522-24
2538
2634
2649
Rhomberg:
Kniest-Rhomberg District
(31-03479)
(31-02402)
(31-03529)
(31-03530)
(31-02404)
(31-03532)
(31-03533)
(31-03534)
(31-03535)
(31-03536)
(31-03537)
(31-03538)
(31-03539)
431
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
51 0- 1 2
35
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
511-13
514
515
51 6- 18
517
519
520-22
521
523
524
525
526
528 (31-03550)
527 (31-03551)
529-33 (31-03552)
530 (31-03553 )
532-34 (31-02411)
611 (31-02414)
613 (31-02415)
This grouping documented as a district
(31-03624)
(31-03554)
(31-03555)
(31-03556)
(31-024 18)
(31-03557)
(31-02419)
(31-02420)
(31-02421 )
(31-02422)
(31-02423)
(31-02424)
(31-03558)
(31-02426)
(31-02428)
(31-03559)
628
710
714
715
808
810
814
822
824
828-30
908
910
1027
1219 (31-03560)
1 229 (31-0356 1 )
1233 (31-02435)
Rhomberg District (31-03562)
1300 (31-02436)
1302 (31-03563)
1304 (31-03564)
1306 (31-03578)
1308 (31-03579)
1 31 0 (31-03580)
1311 (31-03581 )
1313 (31-03582)
1 31 5 (31-03583)
1320 (31-03584)
1490 {Marshall Elem. School
(31-02437)
1500 (Engine House #6)
(31-02438)
625
627
629
.
(31-03540)
(31-0354 1 )
(31-02407)
(31-02406)
(31-03543)
(31-03544)
(31-03545)
(31-03546)
(31-03547)
(31-03548)
(31-03549)
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
36
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
1521 (31-03585)
1600-02 (31-03586)
1608 (31-03587)
1609 (31-02440)
1620 (31-02441)
1624 (31-02442)
1902 (31-02444)
1928 (31-02445)
2001 (31-02446)
2003 (31-03588)
2007 (31-03589)
2010 (31-03590)
20 1 1 (3 1-03591 )
2014 (31-03592)
2028 (31-03593)
2200 (31-03594)
2208 (31-03595)
2226 (31-03596)
Holy Trinity Complex (31-03475)
2443 (Holy Trinity Ch.) (31-02443)
3183 (Holy Trinity Sch.i) (31-03183)
---- (Holy Trinity
sister's house)
water plant (Rhomberg
& Hawthorne) (31-03597)
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
Ries:
723 (31-03599)
Shiras:
2090 (31-03601 )
2001 Shiras (31-03633)
2108 (31-03600)
Stafford:
2307 (31-02565)
2401 (31-03602)
2411 (31-03603)
2542 (31-02567)
Thomas Place:
812 (31-03604)
Waldorf:
2115 (31-03605)
2307 (31-03606)
2311 (31-03607)
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
Windsor:
21 01 (31-02855)
2124
2126 (31-02856)
2200 (31-03608)
2206 {31-03609}
2215 {Sacred Heart Rectory}
37
DUBUQUE-THE KEY CITY--The Architectural And Historical Resources of Dubuque, Iowa, 1837-1955
Phase II Historical and Architectural Survey Report, Rhomberg-Eagle Point:
2311
2401
2407-09
2414
2417
2423
2428
2435
2503
2509
2510
2521
2525
2531
2537
2542
2608
(31-02857)
(31-03607)
(31-03610)
(31-02861 )
(31-02863)
(31-02864)
(31-036 11 )
(31-036 1 2)
(31-02866)
(31-02867)
(31-03613)
(31-03614)
(31-02868)
(31-02869)
(31-02870)
(31-02872)
(31-036 1 5)
(31-02874)
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
National Register eligible
Survey Maps:
The Phase II area survey maps follow. A master survey map depicts the project survey area. A
second map shows the foundaries for eleven sub-maps. Each of those maps identify surveyed
buildings (blackened perimeters). Intensive-level Iowa Site Inventory survey forms were prepared for
each of these properties or districts (refer to list above). National Register of Historic Places eligibility
determinations were not mapped.
38
-
"
.
~"",', ,,\\\
,,~ ...,,~\\~
General Phase II Area Survey Map
I
.,
4JIIl
..
Study Boundary Area
o 250 500
1,000
1 ,500
2,000
- -
Feet
General Phase II Area Survey Map
With Sub-map Area Boundaries
...., .
..
T
.
. .1
7
fa
- ..~-J. ..
/$t
.~.
.
..
.
.. ..
J,}- 1
I
.,
-. . .. -.: ..........~
.. . ..
..
tml
.
J
~\\~,,~ ~\\,
~\\, "'~ ~\\,
, ,,^,
Study Boundary Area
o 250 500
- -
1,000 1,500 2,000
Feet
Sub-map #1
Feet
c:.. 50 100 200
Sub-map #2
.1
LEGEND
~ ,~ Study Boundary 1:,i:',Ji':lj;lm\'llll:::I;"11979 Survey Ratings of National/State/City Significance
/' '-#.$' Area _ 2001 Survey Ratings of Significance
Feet
o 50 100 200
...
Sub-map #3
LEGEND
~, ,~ Study Boundary [jj':i,!'j~i!lllli!j:ll"!IH 1979 Survey Ratings of National/State/City Significance
#" ~.,,~ Area _ 2001 Survey Ratings of Significance
Feet
o 50 100 200 300
- I
Sub-map #4
",,., ;' SIUd"L E G E
#' ~,#", Are/ Boundary ~ 1979 N D
_Survey Rati
2001 S ngs of National/S
urvey Rat" tate/City S. .
Ings of Significance Ignlficance
Sub-map #5
Sub-map #6
o
o
Feet
o 50 100 200 300 400
- -
Sub-map #7
Sub-map #8
Sub-map #9
LEGEND
,$'~~ ~~ Study Boundary Il'I:.I:.I:I'i'I'.1Iii.~11979 Survey Ratings of National/State/City Significance
, ,,'#...... Area _ 2001 Survey Ratings of Significance
Feet
o 50 100 200 300
- J
Sub-map #10
Sub-map #11
j
LEGEND
~~ i" Study Boundary ~';!;::'!~:!:"~:!;!iil'~ 1979 Survey Ratings of National/State/City Significance
#~ ,;..i" Area _ 2001 Survey Ratings of Significance
Feet
o 50 100 200 300
- .J