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Communication from Judy DuPont_Hable Family July 18, 2007 C7 ° ~ ~~ w `~ Mayor Ray Buol ~ = ~~ R~ ~~ Dubuque City Council ~. ~ . ~-_ ~ 1-?~ ~0 West 13th street c'. ~~ `-`' Dubuque, Iowa 52001 - ~ => ~: _..i .. Deaz Mayor Buol and City Council Members, ~ The Cyril Habel family would like to take this opportunity to thank you for changing the light at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by making south turning east on Asbury a left turn "protected" green arrow only. Although we feel this accident, which occurred on June 13, 2(107, was due to gross negligence on the part of the City, City Engineers, and DOT, we know the damage it has done to our family with the loss of a wife, mother, and grandmother and nothing will ever bring her back. Now we are pleading to you as our city government officials to get the rest of these lights changed as soon as possible. Since you were able to cut through the bureaucratic red tape so quickly after the media got involved, why is it that you cannot change the other three portions of the intersection just as quickly without evaluating them first? They are just as dangerous. Please do not wait until another death or injury results. We know, for a fact, that two other accidents occurred at the same intersection going in different directions after the death of our wife/mother. The other three portions of the intersection need to be changed as well. This is a VERY dangerous intersection and needs attention NOW, not in the yeaz 2008. Please try to do everything within your power to make this happen as soon as possible. I have enclosed the petition/signatures that our family procured in only three days showing that there aze others who feel this intersection is a hazard and want it changed as well and more signatures can be provided if necessary. Thank you for your attention, I remain, - ~°~ ~-- Judy Dupont and the Cyril G. Habel Family 13212 Sherrill Road Dubuque, IA 52002 We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of DubuqueiDubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" GREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and l~efully avoid any further injuries or deaths. i. J P.ann~c. ~.i~n~~--~ 2Z?~ jib • ~cna n 5f Lalm~ rfi-~ ~ ~0`~5 ~" (,~0~- 3~ 3. (/v~Gc/.~,~~~l.~?,c.~ 3~81d /~.2~,a,~.~/.Ukl ~~~/1~.~~~.,o -~!9 ~~211r7~ 5. 6. 7. ~~ -TA SZoo 3 ~- 5~~_ ~~T 9. %~ ~ --- - 2737 ~'n~~~ C j- ~~~~,ut ~~~ .T/~ 520G1 l o: (oS5 Mtvh 5-~- ~ (-~ 51~ I 1 . r , ~ ~~~ ~. 2~ ~ ~ _ ~~~~ I ~~ s ~I~s' 12. - /~ J7 ~7~ ~..1J't-Q- G~ - ~tJ~ l,(, ill f ` ~l ~~ 13. k n ~~ ~~ ~ '~ ~ f ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ J `~ fl8id 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque,Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and hopefully avoid any er injuries or deaths. 1. °' ~-, ~L d c J/ 2. `~~U ~ o ~a-e..-r' a (3 S `~~, ~~ ~r ~Q L-A ~ aoo ~ S~ 3 -- S ~ ~ ° ~ ~f 7 ~ ~~1;1~~ ~~ ~ ~ 2~G~',1 -F(~.~{~11 I ~Vl~ ~ ~\~~ I ~i1`cC i/ ~ /,1 pia-1~~~ G~ n2- ~'JTl ~/ ~/`/ 4. S -S~3' ~y ZrG~ s. ~ .l ~'~'~, ~,~ ~~ S S aa~3 ~ ioo ecv~ SP`s-~,3 ~ ~ ~ 1~ LZ Tfl- 5 01 OD / 5(0 ~-~ 6. ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~ ~~~~ j j / ~ _ ~ ~~~~~~ -~~ j 2GL'~2 5~ ~~a ~.~ ' ~ ~~~ s.~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5a~a ~~ ss~-~~~/ 8.%,l~r~~f- ~ir~ l%/ 7 ~ ~1~~~~ ~~C~~«-~ Y~I~ u~ ~ <~ S 2 0~ ~' ~ ~~3- .~z-/,~5~ 9. lc ~ /f~x~`~ ~~i~;~-i a~3~ ~ ~~~nG u,~ ll~ I~,+~~~ .~ c ~~~I `~2 c~3 .~ -3 -5~2-~;~ X13 1 O.~ ~rt 1'll ~ ~l ~ n~Y~ ~j ~'(,~pa ,D'b' ~-~}'I ,~~u~ ~ ~~ ~ ~J ~Z Z `1~~, J ~.3 " 5L/ 2 '~ ~ -~3 11 2 0~ -~ ~ S~ 3 - s~'S~~i~ 83q~ 12. .~ ~~~L ~~1`til, s~.,t~ Piss D~S~~.~ ~G~ z ~~ ~ ~ ~$~''1 13. ~ /7~y G~~~~ ~ ~/.~' 3 ~~~D9o2 14. ~ 15. 4 ~ r j J ~ ti/~,~ S f ~ I~rI ~ v V 1 ~~OC~ ~ - - ~-(n 04 ~ 16. I l~C~ c ~` ~Ct.1l/~r~ ~ /~~ ~ c~ fr~~fi ~ l~ Q z~ C y~er~I~ ~;/~~ 5;3 ~ Il ~ (~ c,~~ ~~5y ~ ' 2(~~3 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque/Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" GREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and hope avoid any further injuries or deaths. ~. 3. rev-- ~ ~j- ~1 G,jG - ~_ 4. ~~ ~ l 1~n1 n iYlll ~ ~ I ~, t ~, ~ ~ }~ ~,P :I ~ ~ I ~t'.t !ti ~,1/L 6. ~ c ~ -~ 7. ~ CSI' „~ ~p,,,,p -~. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. ..- _. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque/Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signalsllights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Ashury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and pefully,a , 'd any further injuries or deaths. 1. , ~ 2. 3. ~ ~ z r~ 6.~, 7.~ f 8.~ 9.~ 10.E 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. f ~iw We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque/Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn ``protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and hopefully avoid any further injuries or deaths i ,, , 1 -, ,~ (~~ i~{~° ~'`, ~'`t -"3'i l Lam- ~ 5 '~ ~-.) ~"(~1%t.~t:-a_l~ { L- Cis` ,_' -f -~ ~~ . ~ yy ,~ + 3. ~~~-lL Wl~~i.-7 ~17c: /f~Ll `~GrLjC.~4'~t< ~~ `J.,~C.G! 5. ! 3~ D Cy~r~ S sr ~~C~~.3 8. - ~~32, ~ ~~~- L~ ~3 9. 5'~ _ a +~ b V~ u E ..~ s O O 10. i~75 Maw ~.~ sH ~u~c~u.t, xq Szc~3 11. ~f0 ~L~ `, ~h ~~~~~ / /~ /~ ~ 1 1 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. ~0 9. / ~, ,~ ~ ~~ % ,4 10. ~ ~~ .~ 70 . D-r- -- 12. A~r~a ~ Sri ~~~ ~~ l S~.tirnvr~ ~ ~D~r- p~ ~ iA _ ~a~~- ~~`~',~,~ 13. 14. 15. 16. ~~ - - - - 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the laity of Dubuque/lllubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and ho}~ fully avoi an~Y further injuries or deaths. 1- A ~xa.~.~¢.. ~~ 1/.r.~~ l4~ ~ 3 ~a~a.vt c~. F v rtes ~c~ , ~~.• ~~+1103 We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuquelflubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a Left turn "protected" GREEN ARROW ONLY to matte it a safer intersection to travel and ho ~fully ~vo' any er injuri s or deaths. 1. C~l~w-C ~~e.l~ a3 Sa u e, ~~ ~ s~ ~,~ ~. ~w~f-e,h b~« . ,2q ,~ac~~ 2. 3.~ 4 6. ~. '3 lU. ~i2UXl~~ee .~O,r'~P~ / `'f ~1 ~ /~ .C . ~Li Lest'. t11.Y X .L. ~. a,.QD `~ ~~ /')'~7 11. 13: 15 16. ~.,~`~~• =~ ~ ~~:~(-e 1 /i ~a ~7 ~ i~xt"~ f ~` /~ r` l'~tr ~~~ ii~e~ ~~ ~ :,.31"e" ~ 18. ~ / ~I~`C:. ~~ l k~ i ~~ j~ ~ f i r~ ~e ''~ ~ q'~~ ~ ~~~'~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~73 '~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ / 7 S~~ 73 20. ~J~ GEC ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3~ ~ ~ C f r~ ~ ~ i,~ ~, ~ ~ ~2. o; r• (~ T,~ ~a2:,-, ~~ 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. s. -~n~- ~ ~~ Lot:-t~s~ 5 r~pE ~.I ~ v~h ~~ ~ ~-4- S a-o v i r ~ ~ -~ -~ ~`~ '~ °';~- - 1 -~ We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque/Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn " protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and o efully avoid~y further inj 'es or deaths. ~ , , -c'~ ' ~ ~ 1 - t . ~ - a ; . ~ ,~ ~, ,~J \ 2. ~f " {.~c~~, ;~ ~ : lc tc ~ < <( 3. C~~ ' ~ ~ Cn ~~ J`~~~ -.-~. ~ r ~ ~ ~y s ~~--~--~--~ ~, ~ 4. ~~ ~ ~~titi-4.~ ~i> L ~ G~ l~ G ~S .~'~ 6. ~ ~ /°" ~ li~1r,S ~ /~ ~~ ~( lo. ~ ~, ~ Iz~ G,3 f, .7~Ke~~~~-,, i?~~ ~.~:~:r~ i 12.E ~.~ -~- ~ I ~ ~ 'r ~ i~. ~4~~ ~ l ~-~-, ~ c ), ~ ~ L j ~~ ~ ./ G~ ~, ,.~-. 16. ~ t°,,ti, .~ , ~/ `. .~ a ~ ,~ ~~C~~~ ~~, / ~ ~~ ti. G~~~ ~t~ ~ C~ 1~ ~ , 20. ~'~ 02~ 7 ~~ ~ . S ~ ~- aD 21. a o '7 ~ G~-e. ~ S E /~ .s ~o 22. .~--- l~ ~-~C~ ~ y ~ 5~3~ ~ , V ,, ._ 24 //5~~8" t~P. S~Pr ~anQ ~.~,~ti~~„ ~ ~~ .S`zool ~ ~_ =fix' We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque/Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and ho ly avoid an further injuries or deaths. /~ n 3. ~G„ ~ ylL1..QV-1,(~ ~ ~3COU ~f (~~. ~o~ , `~Irtc/• ~ ~ I (, ~ 4. ~ ~a ....~~`.-~ / 93 L ~ ~'~ 1 I fa~,~ /~d Src r r, l ~ ~ ' A 5. v'~j .~ ,S- - ~ ~ -a - s. , ~Jc. ~ ~- r '° _ ~ -fir ~ _ =~ ~~ ~ i l,~. A ~ z ~ ~ r. 101 k ~~ ~,.-~ ~ ' , ~,~ ~~ ~. f~ ^,~ ~' ~ ,~~, :~v `~~ j ~ ~ '.~ e -~ 1 1 1 % 1 :' .c , 7. • i 7 i; '. ~ ? ~ " ~~ ~ Z -- .. to ._ ! ;, 21. ~ - ,, ~.' ~!~7 e/ i ..1.~-~~=. f?-~,~/ / d~~ j ~~ f~ ~/ fir. ., !~ /(~ J ~~ (~ f~ / _.d--( (.f~ J 22.~ l! dl. ~ LZW ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~rr ~. ~ I L ~ ) " .~- ~~ ~ ~C l- t ! ~~ r j ~ J 23 . V ~ ~ ~ ~ Id~ ~ ~ ~ ~ +. / ~~ ~ /~ ~ lY ~. ~' Id ~ ~7 ~ ~ V ~ ~. L ~ ~ ~ ` ~J / ~~, ~ y , y . ~~ C ~• I 4. ~ ~ (/ / ~~ h f f ~ 1 ~_ ~ I r ., i. ~ /r ~. cJ-.- ~ -~..~i t--^~C 1~. V ~ ~' ~c 25..~9~~' ~l,l ~~r'~~:~ t9~~ ~~~, k~„( ~~~~~ ^Ji,i.i ~i ~~ i~,i~;~~Ltl -~--i~ E;~~~`~ . We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of 17ubuqueil)ubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a Left turn `'protected" GREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ~' .c.,~.v ~ ~ 8. 9. 11. ~~` 12. '1~z~' ~~~ _ ~ ~ /~ . 14. ~ ~ ~U 15. ~ i~L~~ ~~~~~~ 16. ~J 17. 18. 19, 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. (,~ 25. /L1„L--nom. l/ We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of DubuquelDubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Ro ad by c h anging to a left turn "protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and ho~~efully avoi~,any flier injuries or deaths. r e fu l _ 2 ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ -" ~ . 3. 4. ~.J~~Zf~ ~ N '~ rt\1(~ t ~ ~ ~! -, ; -~`` 1;U t?L~~ IC~;I~~l ~~ ~~~ I ~~ ~ ~ ~ 2; '--~- -~.. } ~ > ZCX , ~'L_ 4 _. - J , , 7. ~h~J~ ~.~ .~ti'1i-ex.. I y 7 ~ ( ~ ~~ ~ ~ r~"~/ ~GP' • ~/) ~' r-~-- f~ -l l'/ `Si~ l~ ~ 3 . -, 9. ~ ~ ,fir ///~rFrr ~~t s~j~~ ~~ ~ ~c ~f f~~~s i~ ~,~ ~ ~ , ~~ 11. ~~lLrr~ l l u~lC~ /-Z9~i 7 ~lierr~ / /~ ~ ~- 12. ~.~ i'~/"F1.~ ~ '~"h`/~r! L~~ 8a~/ w Lo'rtil.~~4~ ~~ / fiV~~~17~T ~ .S~of~ (~ _5 ~~, dl's 1 ~ f - .. 14. ~ oJ`~~~ ~ ~ /~ r -s~ti.., 15. `- ~ ~ t 16. `,f~ j 17. ~ ~3` ~ ~. ~~., ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 18. ~~/~.tt~r+~ „~tic.~,..e~ -c S 3 7 P ~~~!~,,~~1.~ ~c a '~` ~ °~4, . 20.. ~ ~ ~ ~ .SJ' J `,, , ~ ~ ,r~~ ~' 21. ~Clt.~2, ~~~,~ f ~D /11.~, ~~ ~~~~~~ ,~. 22. .3G s d~3 23. ~ S.Z~~3 24. ~~M . l~,,c,~~ ~ y~ / 7 0 7 / Spa ~3 We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of DubuquelDubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" GREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and hopefully avoid any further ' uries or deaths. 4. i~!~a%~i l 6~P ~G~v- / ~ .,~~j /~i/~i / ~ '~ f?/,~.~1c~~ N ~~rrhe~,rs.d~-~ Tom, .~ `z o 5~ C 7._~ s. /~ 9. -~f 10.~~ 11.~~-~ ~',~ ~ ~ IC~ ~. , ~ ~ s 4 tel. ~, ~~~. ,, ~. / ~ ..~ . ~ ~(i~i/. > _ ~ ..ice ; :~ ,., , --.. ~~~1~~' 1~sa~.~ ;d j ~-: ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~. 15. ~ cod ~ ~ ~ ~ li, ~YD S S~.~d.5~ f t • _. __._ L./ fit.: ~ _./ i, ?..G~i. -t~` ~'~.,, ~ J-~~: / ,~' l ~~ ` - ~ r 21. ~.~~~ ', ' ` .~,`"~~~~~i ~ mar/ -~~~!~l-~~ ~~-c..~~/i ~~'~/ ,.,. ,, ~; 23. `°' 24. 25. We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque/Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" UREI/N ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and hope ly avoidl, any furth~~ es or deaths. 2 3 4. 6. r 7. ~ g• ~ o~ o Ia ~ ,~~ierv~ r~Gt Sao 7, ~ _ ~ ~ ~-~c~~~ ~ n J 3 lo. ~~r~~..-~~ ~`~~ 13`~~~ ~,G(, ~ ~~~~ tea, ~aooa 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque/Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" GREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and full avoi any er injuries or dea ~~ 1. r f"~c J s - 2. e. ~ - ~3ar~a ~,~C.~e?oN ~I S. -~~~`` A- 3.5_ r- ~~~ ~ sc ~~ v~~,zL ~72~5~~}Li-jewt,,~l~SZ~~ /~ s.~ ; lac-~y~-f-/ ~O/l~ .~ f-t ~ ~~ ~~ `~~ ~ I7G; rri %~? ~~Y~ /1 i.~7~5 c~,>>.~.s C~ 4 ~.~.<_ ~~~' 8. 9. ~~~~ ~1:~'.li_.~ 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. ls. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 2s. We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of DubuqueiI)ubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn `'protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and hopefully avoid any further inju~/ries or~eaths. /~/ ..---y~ l . ~ "~~.JLYlyl p .~ > ~TIJ> l! 11 //~-'7iQ e / /1l ~1 rJ L 1 ,~/~ l/t!I .G .,., ., i, .r' ~ /~-1' /-: ')1") -2 '7 2.-~ L- ~ v~ l~ C/ ~~Js ~~r~~~1~ ...Ll ~ ~~11-~5 3. Q~ ,la-4 ~,~2 :~ s ,,.~,.~~ ~ ~ v-r, 's 6. 7, 8, 9. 1l 1: ~ ~ 14. 11 h ~-e_. ~~ you / 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 'vVe, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of I)ubuquel)ubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" GREEN Al-2RUW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and hopefully avoid any~}furt(1h(er injuries or de 1 ~ (,~'I//~~ . ~' ~ ~ f / ~ 4._J f ~r<_~i~ .~~ Iiri~1-~~,~r ~,~~,rD~ ~ $° _ ~>`("f~ ~~l° l/7d>ti~ ...L 6. ~ r ~ ~ U~ i%vv ~' ~ .t~L y~ % L~i c~ ? 1.- l l r , 1~ ~~-11 ~ ! ~ 1 1~ / - . _ ~ -- c' - ~,--s_._..._ .____ I ~ ~ .. .~,~ ~-~..5/ ~~ 10. ~ 11. 12. 13. 14. 1~. 16. 17. 18. 19. 2Q. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque/Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and hopefully avoid any furthe injuries or deaths. 1 1. ~ ~ ~O~`7 C 1'a.( U u 2. ~ s~~ . , ~3~~2d~~-~~ ~vb ~ 5. ~.~ ~~ ~ a~~ ,~ 6. ~~ s ~ ~ L ~ zlzy ~, ~sa~ fl~ s 7. ~s 8. 9. 1( ll 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22 23. 24. 25. We, the undersigned, do hereby request and demand that the City of Dubuque/Dubuque City Engineers and the State of Iowa make changes to the traffic signals/lights at the intersection of the Northwest Arterial and Asbury Road by changing to a left turn "protected" UREEN ARROW ONLY to make it a safer intersection to travel and hopefully av ' any ~ther injuries or deaths. ~~ ~~. 2. ~- __ ~ r l~ 7~ ~~~~ v ~ G ~~~ 6. ~ -~rh ~ ~ " ~ - s. - ~ ' ~/(~ / ; r lo. 33 L - Ct ~~ ~ ~~~ 11. ~~ / . . __ k1-e'c~5 C/r.~ 1 L~ ,~` 16. ~ ~ +J(~l~v.~N ~`~` ~'~ r ~ _ 17. ' C~ ~c ~ ~~ U~ ~-- 20. /' ~ Jr l/U -~~~ 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.